Showing papers by "Louisiana State University published in 1982"

Automated Visual Inspection: A Survey

Abstract: This paper surveys publications, reports, and articles dealing with automated visual inspection for industry The references are organized according to their contents: overview and discussions, rationales, components and design considerations, commercially available systems, applications A number of applications and their inspection methodologies are discussed in detail: the inspection of printed circuit boards, photomasks, integrated circuit chips Other inspection applications are listed as a bibliography A list of selectively annotated references in commercially available visual inspection tools is also included

Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase: kinetic mechanism for the bovine skeletal muscle catalytic subunit.

Abstract: The kinetic mechanism for adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase was determined from initial velocity studies in the absence and presence of the product MgADP and dead-end inhibitors. Data are consistent with random addition of MgATP and Ser-peptide and ordered release of phospho-Ser-peptide and MgADP with a dead-end E-MgADP-Ser-peptide complex. In addition to the metal required for the nucleotide, we also characterized the binding of Mg2+ to a second site. Increasing the Mg2+ results in a 5-6-fold decrease in V,,, in the presence or absence of 0.1 M KCl. There is a 5-fold increase in V/KMgATP in the absence of KCl and a 13-fold increase in V/KMdTP at 0.1 M KC1. The effect of increasing free Mg2+ on V,,, and V/K was also obtained with MgITP (20% the V,,, with MgATP) and MgGTP (10% the V,,, with MgATP) as substrates. The dissociation constant for Mg2+ from E-Ser-peptide-Mg2+ and central complexes is 2-3 mM. At low concentrations of free Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase catalyzes the phorphorylation of a variety of proteins according to

Misguided Mainstreaming: The Case for Social Skills Training with Handicapped Children

Abstract: This paper asserts that mainstreaming is based in part upon three faulty assumptions: (a) placement of handicapped children in regular classrooms will result in increased social interaction between handicapped and nonhandicapped children; (b) placement of handicapped children in regular classrooms will result in increased social acceptance of handicapped children by their nonhandicapped peers; and (c) mainstreamed handicapped children will model the behavior of their nonhandicapped peers because of increased exposure to them. A large body of research is reviewed which refutes these three assumptions. An alternative approach is suggested whereby handicapped children would be taught the requisite social skills for effective social interaction and peer acceptance. Social skills curricula for use by both special and regular education teachers are suggested for accomplishing this end.

Geographic pathology of latent prostatic carcinoma

Abstract: Prostates obtained at autopsy from black and white males in the United States of America, from Colombians, from Japanese migrants in Hawaii, and from Japanese in Japan (all over 50 years old) were serially step-sectioned and examined microscopically using identical techniques and diagnostic criteria. The age-adjusted overall prevalence of latent carcinoma was significantly higher in US blacks (36.9%), in US whites (34.6%) and in Colombians (31.5%) than in Japanese in Japan (20.5%). There was no significant difference in prevalence between Japanese migrants in Hawaii (25.6%) and Japanese in Japan. When the carcinomas were subdivided into latent infiltrative type (LIT) and latent non-infiltrative type (LNT), the LIT component reflected upon the overall prevalence of latent carcinoma. There was an increase in the overall prevalence of latent carcinoma and in the prevalence of LIT tumors with age in Japanese migrants to Hawaii and in Japanese of Japan but only a suggestive increase in blacks and whites in the United States. There was no significant relation between age and prevalence in Colombia. In LNT tumors, there was no consistent trend related to race or age. The size of LIT tumors was significantly greater than that of LNT tumors in all races or in each decade of total material. There were many large LIT tumors in blacks and whites in the United States. These results suggest that the prevalence of LIT tumors shows a race variation similar to the incidence of clinical carcinoma of the prostate, and that LNT tumors probably remain latent during the individual's life span.

Free radical biology: xenobiotics, cancer, and aging.

Abstract: It was not very long ago that free radical biology was a rather arcane subject, regarded with disinterest (or even disbelief) by most biologists-a sea of speculation, but few islands of solid fact. Three striking and seminal discoveries have drastically changed this field. The first was the elucidation by McCord and Fridovich of the nature, function, and role of superoxide dismutase (SOD].’ In fact, SOD is now the world’s most studied enzyme; journal articles, conference proceedings, and books on superoxide chemistry and biology are appearing at a very rapid pace, but we probably are still just seeing the tip of the iceberg. The second discovery involves the biosynthesis of peroxidic compounds from arachidonic acid-products of what is called the “arachidonate cascade.”‘ Not more than 10 years ago, it was thought that lipoxygenase activity was limited to plants and that lipid hydroperoxides were not formed in animal cells. In fact, there was even concern that lipid hydroperoxides in plants might be in vitro artifacts and play no role in metabolism. Now it is clear that an array of cyclic and bicyclic peroxides as well as acyclic lipid hydroperoxides not only occur in all animal cells, but play a very critical role in bioregulation and in many vital normal and pathological processes. The third discovery, although perhaps more distant from traditional biochemical interests, also is having a major impact on current research. It is becoming clear that many important environmental toxins exert their effects through radical-mediated reaction^.^.^ In fact, a majority of the compounds that are positive in the Ames test may involve radical-mediated reactions. In this article, I will summarize current thinking on the in vivo sources of radicals. I will cover both exogenous sources-xenobiotics, pollutants, carcinogens, etc.-and endogenous sources-superoxide systems and the arachidonic cascade. And I will close by making some remarks about the effects of antioxidants on carcinogenesis and on the retardation of aging. Thus, I intend to skate from thick ice to thinner and thinner ice: with good timing, I should fall into the refreshingly cool water just at the end of my talk.

Undergraduate instrumental analysis

Abstract: Concepts of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Introduction to Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Visible and Ultraviolet Molecular Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Atomic Emission Spectroscopy X-Ray Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry I: Principles and Instrumentation Mass Spectrometry II: Spectral Intrepretation Principles of Chromatography Gas Chromatography Chromatography with Liquid Mobile Phases Surface Analysis Electroanalytical Chemistry Thermal Analysis

Controls of subduction geometry, location of magmatic arcs, and tectonics of arc and back-arc regions

Abstract: Most variation in geometry and angle of inclination of subducted oceanic lithosphere is caused by four interdependent factors. Combinations of (1) rapid absolute upper-plate motion toward the trench and active overriding of the subducted plate, (2) rapid relative plate convergence, and (3) subduction of intraplate island-seamount chains, aseismic ridges, and oceanic plateaus (anomalously low-density oceanic lithosphere) cause low-angle subduction. Under conditions of low-angle subduction, the upper surface of the subducted plate is in contact with the base of the overlying plate, the wedge of low-density asthenosphere is replaced by subducted lithosphere, and the width of the arc-trench gap either is significantly increased or a magmatic arc is not developed within the overlying plate. The fourth factor is age of the subducting lithosphere. Subduction of young lithosphere produces two opposing tendencies: (1) low-angle subduction and increased arc-trench distance, owing to its low density; and (2) decreased arc-trench distance, owing to its higher temperature. Two factors of secondary importance contribute to variation in subduction-zone geometry and arc-trench distance. Accretion of sediment in trenches depresses the upper portion of the subducting oceanic plate and causes the trench axis to migrate seaward. Prolonged subduction thickens the upper plate, depresses the isotherms in the subducted plate, and may create a broader arc. Both factors increase the arc-trench gap. The four primary factors also control development of other tectonic elements, such as regional subsidence (for example, the Amazon basin and a portion of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of western United States), intra-arc extension (for example, the Basin and Range province), foreland fold and thrust belts, and Laramide-style tectonics.

Correction of Alveolar Ridge Deficiencies with Nonresorbable Hydroxylapatite

Abstract: An evaluation is made of a new dense, nonresorbable form of hydroxylapatite for the augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges. Surgical and prosthetic data are discussed.

Elemental analysis of deposits on the roots of spartina alterniflora loisel.

Abstract: Spartina alterniflora, salt marsh cordgrass, is the dominant angiosperm of a large majority of regularly flooded marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. In Louisiana, this species often occurs in two distinct zones: a more productive streamside site (adjacent to tidal creeks), and a less productive and sparsely populated inland area. Reddish-brown deposits are present on the roots of streamside Spartina and visually absent from the roots of inland plants. A study of streamside roots using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis demonstrated that the coatings are restricted to the outer cell wall of the epidermis and are composed primarily of iron. Roots of inland plants have minor iron deposits. Citrate-dithionite extraction of the coatings and subsequent atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis confirmed these deposits to be iron, although some manganese was present. Approximately 50 times more iron was found on streamside roots compared to roots from inland plants. These results indicate a better developed oxidized rhizosphere associated with streamside Spartina roots than the inland and, hence, the potential for a more favorable environment in which nutrient uptake may proceed. SALT MARSH GRASSES, as indicated by their high productivity (Turner, 1976), are well adapted to anaerobic substrates. Spartina alterniflora Loisel., the dominant angiosperm of a large majority of regularly flooded salt marshes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, possesses a well developed aerenchyma system (Anderson, 1974) which serves as a pathway for the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen from the leaves to the roots (Teal and Kanwisher, 1966) and provides the oxygen needed by the roots for metabolic processes. The oxygen not consumed in the roots during respiration diffuses into the anoxic mud surrounding the roots and forms an oxidized rhizosphere, i.e., a relatively aerobic microzone around the root (Armstrong, 1970). The oxidized rhizosphere of wetland plants has been hypothesized to act in excluding from the plant soil toxins which may accumulate in anaerobic soils (Armstrong, 1978). Potential phytotoxins such as Fe 2, Mn 2, H2S, ethylene, and certain organic acids, may be oxidized I Received for publication 9 March 1981; revision accepted 30 May 1981. This study was supported by funds from the Louisiana Sea Grant College Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors would like to thank the Geology Department of Louisiana State University for the use of the analytical scanning electron microscope and Ms. Rita Strate for her typing expertise. to harmless compounds upon contact with the oxidized rhizosphere. Bartlett (1961) has demonstrated this process in rice roots where potentially toxic soluble ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron precipitates. Spartina alterniflora often occurs as relatively distinct height forms along a complex gradient of environmental factors landward from tidal creek banks. Along the Louisiana Gulf Coast this gradient in Spartina productivity is identified by two forms: high vigor streamside (= 1 m high) and low vigor inland (-70 cm high) (Kirby and Gosselink, 1976). Streamside habitats are approximately 10 cm higher in elevation than inland areas as a result of greater vertical accretion rates in the former (DeLaune, Patrick and Buresh, 1978). This difference in surface elevation between the two sites results in greater soil waterlogging in the inland zone compared to the streamside (Mendelssohn, McKee and Patrick, 1981). The objectives of the present study were: 1) to evaluate the extent to which the rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora is important in precipitating iron and manganese, and 2) to determine any difference in the intensity of precipitation as a function of location (streamside vs. inland). MATERIALS AND METHODS-Field sampling-Living, i.e., turgid and structurally intact, roots of Spartina alterniflora were collected from a monospecific salt marsh located

Interdependent, Dependent, and Independent Group Contingencies for Controlling Disruptive Behavior:

Abstract: Three group-oriented contingency systems (interdependent, dependent, and independent) were compared in a modified reversal design to evaluate each system's effectiveness in controlling the disruptive behavior of a self-contained classroom of educable mentally retarded children. Interpendent and dependent group-contingency systems were more effective than independent contingencies in controlling disruptive behavior. Sequential ordering of contingency phases did not allow one to completely rule out carry-over effects; however, it was unlikely that the independent contingency phases were rendered ineffective due to their positioning in the treatment sequences. The roles of group cooperation, peer reinforcement, and informational feedback in the success of group-oriented contingency systems are discussed.

The Rise of Technical Writing Instruction in America

Abstract: This article traces the history of technical writing instruction in American colleges, concentrating on the major figures in technical writing instruction, the most important textbooks, the forces ...

Limb pterygium syndromes: A review and report of eleven patients

Abstract: Conditions with limb pterygia and congenital contractures were reviewed as part of a study of over 350 infants with arthrogryposis. Emphasis was placed on inheritance and variability of distinct pterygium conditions. Eleven patients with limb pterygia were recognized in our study and are described here. Seven of the 350 patients with congenital contractures had the autosomal recessively inherited multiple pterygium syndrome (Patients 1-7). Three of the seven are sibs, a fourth was born to consanguineous parents, and three were chance isolated cases. These seven had multiple joint webs, unusual finger contractures, syndactyly, rocker bottom feet, ptosis, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, highly arched palate, scoliosis, and short stature. There is intrafamilial variability. Three patients from one family had a lethal multiple pterygium syndrome. Two were monozygotic twins. They had webbing and contractures of the elbows, knees, neck, and fingers, calcaneovalgus deformity of the feet, and an unusual facial appearance: hypertelorism, flat nose, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, apparently low-set ears. One had a cleft palate. Internal malformations included: bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, small heart, absence of the appendix, and attenuation of the ascending and transverse colon. One sporadic case of lethal popliteal pterygium with facial clefts was studied. Multiple anomalies included: ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypoplasia of nasal cartilages, frenula, clefts into the oropharynx lateral to the mouth, apparently low-set ears with slit-like canals, large popliteal pterygia, syndactyly with fusion of all digits in hands and feet, and hypoplastic labia.

Peripheral nerve injection injury with steroid agents

Abstract: The possible neurotoxic effects of five commonly used steroid agents were examined. Using histologic studies and studies of the microneural circulation, it was found the steroids can indeed cause neurotoxicity. The injection site was critical in effecting injury. Only intrafascicular injection caused damage. The damage produced varied with the agent used. Dexamethasone (Decadron) caused minimal damage, while hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef) and triamcinolone hexacetonide (Aristospan) caused widespread axonal and myelin degeneration. Disturbance in the blood-nerve barrier correlated with the changes noted on light and electron microscopy, but is thought to be coincidentally and not causally related. In conclusion, it was shown that the intrafascicular injection of commonly used steroid agents had a direct toxic effect on peripheral nerve-fibers and caused a disruption of the blood-nerve barrier. Use of the more toxic agents in the vicinity of peripheral nerves should probably be avoided.

Morphology of a submarine slide, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia

Abstract: A digitally acquired, scale-corrected side-scan sonar survey yielded high-resolution imagery of a submarine landslide in British Columbia. The landslide, in a fjord-head setting at Kitimat, was last active in 1975 and created a wide area of deformed sea floor. The sediment failure involved shallow rotational movements on the slopes of a fjord-head delta, marginal tearing, translational sliding, compressional folding, and block gliding of fjord-bottom marine clays. The slide is shallow and elongate and appears to have been produced by failure in mobile, low-strength sediments.

being-in-the-market versus being-in-the-plaza: material culture and the construction of social reality in Spanish America

Abstract: This article describes how the people of Cartago, Costa Rica—compelled, like each of us, to create—incorporate the material culture of their town's market and plaza into social situations In so doing, they move from the physical reality of simply being there to the distinctive social realities of being-in-the-market and being-in-the-plaza The juxtaposition of these two complementary realities, the article concludes, constitutes the dialectic through which Spanish American culture becomes [interpretation, symbolic interactionism, experience, material culture, humanistic anthropology]

Chemical, Functional, and Nutritional Properties of Egusi (Colocynthis citrullus L.) Seed Protein Products

Abstract: Egusi (Colocynthis citrullus L.) kernels contain 52.0% oil, 28.4% protein (60% in defatted flour), 2.7% fiber, 3.6% ash, and 8.2% carbohydrate. They are good sources of essential amino acids, especially arginine, tryptophan and methionine, vitamins B1, B2, and niacin, and S, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, P, Fe, and Zn. The oil contains mostly oleic (15.9%) and linoleic (62.8%) acids. Protein isolates that differ in gel electrophoretic patterns and amino acid content can be prepared from the flour in one- or two-step water and sodium hydroxide extractions. The water and oil holding capacities of the flour are 0.7 and 2.6 ml/g, respectively. Thick (mayonnaise-type) emulsions form in the alkaline pH range and a stable foam forms at pH 5.0. Nutritionally, lysine is the most limiting amino acid (chemical score, 52.4).

Surgical Drilling: Design and Performance of an Improved Drill

Abstract: The majority of twist drills used in orthopaedics are very similar to chisel pointed metal drilling bits. Modifications usually observed are reduction of the point angle to 90 deg and sometimes grinding of the entire cutting lip at 0 deg rake angle, which appeared to have been made arbitrarily without any advantage. We have attempted to design a surgical drill bit with the objective of minimization of the drilling thrust and temperature and effective removal of bone chips. Our results showed that the presence of the chisel edge was mainly responsible for increasing the thrust force and the temperature developed. The effects of a constant feed rate and thrust on the peak temperature were also examined. The combined effect of the helix and the point angles on the rake angle which in turn determines the cutting efficiency was analyzed for various types of surgical bits. Based on our results and previously published data from the literature an optimized drill bit was designed with a split point, a point angle of 118 deg, a parabolic flute, and a helix angle of 36 deg and its performance was compared with other existing surgical drill bits. For drilling in compact bone, the new design decreased the thrust load by 45 percent an the peak temperature rise by 41 percent. Similar improvements were also recorded for drilling bone cement. The time of drilling a bone cortex was also significantly reduced and "walking" on the curved bone surface was eliminated and dimensional tolerance on hole sizes was improved. The new design is likely to reduce the time of surgery and also minimize the tissue damage.

Active slides and flows in underconsolidated marine sediments on the slopes of the mississippi delta.

Abstract: On the continental shelves off large deltas, rapid progradation and deposition result in highly underconsolidated marine sediments These deposits, which are often also rich in interstitial methane gas, can be subject to widespread and active mass movement downslope For example, the submarine slopes of the Mississippi River delta are affected by a variety of sediment instability processes Geologic and geophysical surveys using side-scan sonar, subbottom profilers, and precision depth recorders have been completed for the entire subaqueous delta Survey lines were spaced at 240-m intervals, and water depths ranged from 5 m to 20 m Bottom morphology, including sediment deformations indicative of instability, has been mapped at a scale of 1:12,000, and large-area, scale-corrected sonar mosaics have been constructed The features identified include collapse depressions, bottleneck slides, shallow rotational slides, mudflow gullies, overlapping mudflow lobes, and a wide variety of faults The slides and mudflows are extremely active, and movement rates of several hundred metres per year have been recorded Damage to offshore oil and gas pipelines and platforms has occurred Also, the concept of slow, continuous deltaic progradation must be modified to include the effects of these processes For example, on the shelf, normal settling of suspended clays averages only a few millimetres per year, whereas at the front of the delta slope more than 30 m of sediment has been deposited by mudflows and slides since 1875

Adrenal Innervation May Be an Extrapituitary Mechanism Able to Regulate Adrenocortical Rhythmicity in Rats

Abstract: The daily rhythm of plasma corticosteroid concentration was studied in nonhypophysectomized rats and in hypophysectomized rats implanted with beeswax pellets containing ACTH and T4. In the first experiment, male hypophysectomized rats were placed on a 12-h light, 12-h dark cycle (onset of light, 0600 h) with food and water available ad libitum. Beeswax pellets containing 1.5 mg ACTH and 150 micrograms T4 were implanted sc in these rats. Beginning 4 days after the implantation of ACTH and T4, daily rhythms of plasma corticosteroid concentration were detected in these rats on 3 successive days. The injection of sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg BW) or atropine sulfate (10 mg/kg BW) ip at 1200 h blocked the expected rise in plasma corticosteroid concentration at 1800 h in both these rats and a group of intact rats. In the second experiment, adrenal innervation was disrupted by spinal cord transection at the T-7 level. L-1-transected rats served as operated controls, and a third group was maintained as unoperated controls. One week after surgery, daily rhythms of plasma corticosteroid concentration were present in both unoperated and L-1 controls (P less than 0.01) but not in the T-7-transected rats. Inasmuch as an extrapituitary mechanism was capable of maintaining adrenocortical rhythmicity in hypophysectomized rats and disruption of adrenal innervation suppressed adrenocortical rhythmicity, it was hypothesized that adrenal innervation may be an extrapituitary mechanism which has a role in adrenocortical rhythmicity.

Power and robustness of sib-pair linkage tests and extension to larger sibships

Abstract: We investigate the power and robustness of Haseman and Elstonfs sib-pair test for genetic linkage between a marker locus and a locus affecting a quantitative trait, and compare the test to that of Penrose. The Haseman-Elston test is more powerful than Penrrose's test; its power is acceptable for cases of tight linkage and high heritability due to the hypothesized quantitative trait locus, but is quite low in other situations. Computer simulations indicate that both tests are valid for normally distributed trait values, and that the Haseman-Elston test is robust for a variety of continuous distributions of the trait values. Several linkage tests are developed for sib trios that are much more powerful , for the same total number of sibs, than the test on independent sib pairs. The Haseman-Elston test on all possible sib pairs is suggested for sibships of size larger than three and for samples including sibships of various sizes.

Purification and Properties of β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus terreus

Abstract: A β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) from the fungus Aspergillus terreus was purified to homogeneity as indicated by disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimal activity was observed at pH 4.8 and 50°C. The β-glucosidase had Km values of 0.78 and 0.40 mM for p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and cellobiose, respectively. Glucose was a competitive inhibitor, with a Ki of 3.5 mM when p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside was used as the substrate. The specific activity of the enzyme was found to be 210 IU and 215 U per mg of protein on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and cellobiose substrates, respectively. Cations, proteases, and enzyme inhibitors had little or no effect on the enzyme activity. The β-glucosidase was found to be a glycoprotein containing 65% carbohydrate by weight. It had a Stokes radius of 5.9 nm and an approximate molecular weight of 275,000. The affinity and specific activity that the isolated β-glucosidase exhibited for cellobiose compared favorably with the values obtained for β-glucosidases from other organisms being studied for use in industrial cellulose saccharification.

Abnormalities in Monoamine Levels in the Central Nervous System of the Genetically Epilepsy‐Prone Rat

Abstract: Summary: Norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were determined in the central nervous systems of genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR) and in control rats. Norepinephrine concentrations were abnormal in all major areas of the central nervous system of the GEPR, with decrements existing in the telencephalon, hypothalamus-thalamus, midbrain, pons-medulla and spinal cord. An increment in the concentration of this neurotransmitter existed in the cerebellum. Dopamine concentrations were normal in all areas of the GEPR brain. Abnormalities in 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were also present in the GEPR. They were exclusively decrements and occurred in the telencephalon, hypothalamus-thalamus, midbrain, and pons medulla. Concentrations of this neurotransmitter were normal in the cerebellum and spinal cord. Coupled with our earlier pharmacologic data, these observations support our concept that noradrenergic and/or 5-hydroxytryptaminergic decrements are etiologically important in seizure susceptibility in the GEPR. The lack of abnormalities in brain dopamine concentrations strengthens our hypothesis that dopaminergic transmission does not regulate seizure susceptibility in this model. RESUME Les concentrations de norepinephrine, dopamine et 5-hydroxytryptamine ont ete determinees dans le systeme nerveux central de rats genetiquement predisposes a l'epilepsie (GEPR) et de rats de controle. Les concentrations de norepinephrine etaient anormales dans toutes les regions majeures du systeme nerveux central des GEPR, diminuees dans le telencephale, le thalamus-hypothalamus, le mesencephale, la region pontobulbaire et la moelle epiniere, augmentees dans le cervelet. Les concentrations de dopamine etaient normales dans toutes les zones cerebrales des GEPR. Des anomalies dans les concentrations de la 5-hydroxytryptamine ont eteegalement constatees. C'etaient exclusivement des diminutions et elles se voyaient dans le telencephale, le thalamus-hypothalamus, le mesencephale et la region pontobulbaire. Les concentrations de ce neurotransmetteur etaient normales dans le cervelet et la moelle epiniere. Associees a nos donnees pharmacologiques precedentes, ces observations soutiennent notre conception que les diminutions noradrenergiques et/ou 5-hydroxy-tryptaminergiques ont une importance etiologique dans la susceptibilite aux crises des GEPR. L'absence d'anomalie dans les concentrations cerebrales de dopamine renforce notre hypothese que la transmission dopaminergique n'intervient pas dans la regulation de la susceptibilite aux crises dans ce modele. RESUMEN Se han determinado las concentraciones de nore-pinefrina, dopamina y 5-hidroxitriptamina en el SNC de ratas geneticamente predispuestas a padecer epilepsia (GEPR) y en ratas control. Las concentraciones de norepinefrinafueron anormales en todas las regiones importantes del SNC de las GEPR, con disminucion en el telencefalo, hipotalamo-talamo, mesencefalo, protuberancia-bulbo y medula. En el cerebelo, este neurotransmisor se encuentra incrernentado. Las concentraciones de dopamina fueron normales en todas las areas del cerebro de las GEPR. Tambien se en-contraron exclusivamente reducciones de las concentraciones de la 5-hidroxitriptamina en el cerebro de las GEPR en el telencefalo, hipotalamo-talamo, mesencefalo y protuberancia-medula. Las concentraciones de este neurotransimor fueron normales en el cerebelo y en la medula. Unidas a nuestras observaciones farmacologicas previas, esta informacion apoya nuestro concepto de que las reducciones noradrenergicas o 5-hidroxitriptaminergicas son etiologicamente importantes en la susceptibilidad para ataques de las GEPR. La ausencia de anormalidades en las concentraciones cerebrales de dopamina fortalecen nuestra hipotesis de que la transmision dopamineergica no regula la susceptibilidad para ataques de este modelo.

Extraction of Astaxanthin Plgment from Crawfish Waste Using a Soy Oil Process

Abstract: The carotenoid astaxanthin has been extracted from processed crawfish waste using a soy oil process. Analyses have included pigment quantitative analysis, effects of protease enzymes on pigment release, use of ethoxyquin as an antioxidant stabilizer agent, and studies of the ratio of added soybean oil to crawfish waste (v/w) for optimal extraction. Hydrolysis of crawfish waste with a commercial protease, Milezyme® 8X resulted in a 58% increase in astaxanthin release. Maximal pigment extraction and oil recovery was obtained from a 1:1 (v/w) ratio of oil to crawfish waste. The astaxanthin-enriched oil (60 mg/100g oil), obtained from a 1:10 (v/w) ratio, or 3:10 (v/w) after the second stage of extraction, has application for a variety of pigmentation purposes, notably in aquatic diets for salmonid fishes.

Cognitive processes in depression

Abstract: Tested hypotheses derived from Beck's cognitive theory of depression using 60 depressed and nondepressed males and females. Ss rated performance before and after they received feedback on a social interaction task. Ss then attempted to recall feedback and explain their post-feedback self-rating. Results showed that depressed males and females had more negative evaluation of present circumstances and poorer memory for feedback. Further, depressed males lowered their self-evaluation after feedback significantly more than did nondepressed males. Results with regard to differential response to neutral and positive feedback were not found because Ss apparently perceived all levels of feedback as somewhat negative. Data were partially supportive of Beck's cognitive theory of depression, especially with regard to males.

18O-Enrichment of silicic magmas caused by crystal fractionation at the Galapagos Spreading Center

Abstract: An extremely differentiated suite of unaltered volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos Spreading Center ranges in δ18O from 5.7 to 7.1‰ At 95°W, low K-tholeiites, FeTi-basalts, andesites and rhyodacites were recovered. Their lithologic and major element geochemical variation can be accounted for by crystal fractionation of plagioclase, pyroxenes, olivine and titanomagnetite in the same proportions and amounts needed to model the δ18O variation by simple Rayleigh fractionation. More complicated behaviour was observed in a FeTi-basalt suite from 85°W. This study shows that 90% fractionation only enriches the residual melt by about 1.2‰ in 18O. It also implies that the magma chambers along parts of the Galapagos Spreading Center were static and isolated such that extreme differentiation could occur.