Showing papers by "Louisiana State University published in 1987"
TL;DR: The kinetics of the autoxidation of a series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with increasing degrees of unsaturation and the mono-, di- and triglycerides of linoleate have been studied in homogeneous chlorobenzene solution at 37 C under 760 torr of oxygen.
Abstract: The kinetics of the autoxidation of a series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with increasing degrees of unsaturation and the mono-, di- and triglycerides of linoleate have been studied in homogeneous chlorobenzene solution at 37 C under 760 torr of oxygen. The autoxidations were initiated by thermal decomposition of azo initiators and followed by measuring the rate of oxygen uptake. The rate of chain initiation was determined by the induction period method using alpha-tocopherol as the chain-breaking antioxidant. The measured oxidizabilities of the PUFA are linearly dependent on the number of doubly allylic positions present in the molecule. Thus, the oxidizability of linoleate is 2.03 X 10(-2) M-1/2 sec-1/2, and the value for docosahexaenoate is five times greater, 10.15 X 10(-2) M-1/2 sec-1/2. The rate of autoxidation for all PUFA studied and for the mono- and diglyceride is proportional to the substrate concentration and to the square root of the rate of chain initiation, implying that the autoxidation of these compounds follows the usual kinetic rate law. The autoxidation of the triglyceride is more complex and does not appear to follow the same rate law at all substrate concentrations. This deviation from the usual kinetic rate expression may be due to lipid aggregation at low concentrations of the triglyceride.
492 citations
TL;DR: The development of the Daily Stress Inventory is described, a measure introduced to provide researchers and clinicians with a psychometrically sound self-report instrument for the daily assessment of the sources and individualized impact of relatively minor stressful events.
Abstract: This article describes the development of the Daily Stress Inventory, a measure introduced to provide researchers and clinicians with a psychometrically sound self-report instrument for the daily assessment of the sources and individualized impact of relatively minor stressful events. It was designed to assess sources of stress not typically assessed by major life-event scales. Generalizability coefficients indicate that the scale has significant homogeneity and a useful degree of stability. Several studies investigating the concurrent and construct validities suggest that the scale measures the construct commonly referred to as "stress." Implications for uses in theoretical and basic research as well as clinical assessment are discussed.
376 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the interaction between job performance and specific work experiences on three indicators of personal and family well-being (marital adjustment, work-family conflict, and quality of life) among 336 accountants.
347 citations
TL;DR: The Behavior Intervention Rating Scale (BIRS) as discussed by the authors was designed to differentiate between the constructs of treatment effectiveness and treatment acceptability and investigate their relationship, and a multivariate analysis of teachers' ratings revealed two significant findings: a main effect for intervention, and an interaction between problem severity and effectiveness information.
336 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed several propositions that link compensation strategy and the effectiveness of the compensation systenm, and tested these propositions in a samiple of 33 high.tech and 72 non-high tech firms or business units in the Boston Route 128 area.
Abstract: This paper develops several propositions that link compensation strategy and the effectiveness of the compensation systenm. The underlying argument is that effectiveness at realizing intended pay strategies depends significantly on the existence of a match between compensation strategies, organization and environment. These propositions are tested in a samiple of 33 high.tech and 72 non-high tech firms or business units in the Boston Route 128 area. Respondents are nmanagers responsible for compensation policies in these firms or business units. The relationships among compensation strategies, organization characteristics and environment are explored. The findings nmay help researchers conceptualize, and practitioners manage, the relationship between reward processes and strategy in organizations. The consistency with which systematic relationships have been discovered between organizational characteristics and strategy at the overall firm level would lead one to expect the existence of a similar relationship with the organization's compensation system. To date, very little work has been done in developing a contingency theory that ties the pay system to the organization's operating objectives and strategies. This is surprising in view of the fact that labor costs comprise more than half of total costs in most organizations, and that pay systems are pivotal in terms of the motivation, attraction, and retention of human resources (Lawler, 1981). As argued by Milkovich and Newman most compensation research tends to emphasize techniques 'where the mechanics become the focus, ends in themselves . . . the purposes of the pay system are often forgotten . . . to date we really do not know enough to recommend [pay] policies under different conditions' (1984: 11). The purpose of this paper is to take some first steps in the development of a contingency theory of compensation strategy at the orgainizational level. The decision to concentrate on the macro
306 citations
TL;DR: Pulse-chase analysis of the intracellular movement of apoB and albumin showed that movement out of the endoplasmic reticulum, the site where VLDL is assembled, determines the overall rate of secretion.
301 citations
TL;DR: Since obesity is related to clustering of risk factor variables in children and young adults, the prevention of the onset of obesity in early life may be important to reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in later life.
Abstract: The relation of obesity to clustering of systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, and ratio of low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C + VLDL-C)/HDL-C) was investigated in 3,503 subjects aged 5-24 years in Bogalusa, Louisiana, from September 1981 to September 1983. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated as the number of subjects with risk factor variables in the upper tertile divided by the expected number. The variables showed strong clustering (RR = 3.1); however, after adjusting for obesity, clustering of systolic pressure, (LDL-C + VLDL-C)/HDL-C, and insulin was reduced (RR = 1.3). Lean subjects (lower tertile of obesity) showed less clustering than expected (RR = 0.4), while more obese subjects (upper tertile of obesity) had greater clustering than expected (RR = 3.1). Furthermore, trunk fat deposition (subscapular skinfold) had a greater impact on clustering at high levels than limb fat deposition (triceps skinfold). Since obesity is related to clustering of risk factor variables in children and young adults, the prevention of the onset of obesity in early life may be important to reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in later life.
240 citations
236 citations
TL;DR: Coronary artery intima was always thicker (eccentric thickening) at bifurcations in the half of the circumference opposite to the flow divider, and the remaining part of the coronary arteryintima was less thick (diffuse thickening).
235 citations
TL;DR: The composition and productivity of two mangrove sites surrounding the Laguna de Terminos, Mexico, were studied from March 1979 to January 1984, and measurements were made of the tree composition, above-ground woody biomass changes, and litterfall production at a high-salinity fringing site and a low-saliency riverine site.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptualization of social competence relevant for school settings is presented, and relationships between adaptive behavior and social skills are documented and a classification system for social competence deficits is provided.
Abstract: Social skills and adaptive behavior represent two subdomains of the superordinate construct of social competence. Adaptive behavior is viewed as the effectiveness and degree to which an individual meets social/cultural standards of personal independence and social responsibility. Social skills represent behaviors which, in specific situations, predict important social outcomes for children and youth. This article presents a conceptualization of social competence relevant for school settings. Relationships between adaptive behavior and social skills are documented and a classification system for social competence deficits is provided. Assessment procedures for classification and intervention purposes will be described with special reference to commonly used adaptive behavior measures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define growth as qualitative improvement in the structure, design, and composition of physical stocks and flows, that result from greater knowledge, both of technique and of purpose.
TL;DR: Experimental work suggests that the gut can serve as a reservoir for systemic infections caused by bacteria that cross (translocate) the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium, potentially leading to lethal systemic infections with bacteria colonizing the gut.
Abstract: Bacterial infection is a common and serious problem in burn victims who survive the shock phase of thermal injury. Our experimental work, plus the clinical studies of others, suggests that the gut can serve as a reservoir for systemic infections caused by bacteria that cross (translocate) the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium. Bacterial translocation from the GI tract does not normally occur in the healthy animal owing to (1) the presence of an indigenous GI microflora preventing bacterial overgrowth, (2) an intact intestinal epithelial barrier, and (3) normal host immune defenses. However, a thermal injury, as well as other stressors, can result in the disruption or impairment of any of these protective mechanisms, potentially leading to lethal systemic infections with bacteria colonizing the gut.
TL;DR: This paper determines all weakly symmetric graphs of order twice a prime and shows that these graphs too are directed-edge transitive.
TL;DR: Patients with solitary neurofibromas were significantly older, often female, and more likely to have tumor on the right side than patients with schwannomas, malignant neural sheath tumors, or neurofipromas associated with VRD.
Abstract: Over a 17-year period, 56 patients with 57 tumors involving the brachial plexus were operated upon The 40 neural sheath tumors included 26 neurofibromas, 8 schwannomas, 4 malignant neural sheath tumors, 1 fibrosarcoma, and 1 meningioma Nine of the neurofibromas were associated with von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD), and 2 others were what was termed regionalized neurofibromatosis characterized by involvement of one limb with extension along the course of one or more plexus elements Seventeen tumors were not of neural sheath origin; 7 were benign and 10 were metastatic malignant tumors compressing or invading the plexus Benign neurofibromas and malignant sheath tumors almost always presented with pain or functional neural deficit, whereas schwannomas often presented with a palpable mass as their only initial symptom Patients with solitary neurofibromas were significantly older, often female, and more likely to have tumor on the right side than patients with schwannomas, malignant neural sheath tumors, or neurofibromas associated with VRD Solitary neurofibromas could often be totally resected without added deficit by sacrificing fascicles entering and leaving tumor that were determined to be "nonfunctional" by intraoperative nerve action potential recordings Resection of neurofibromas associated with VRD sometimes but not always resulted in significant loss Operation is nonetheless recommended, especially when malignancy is suspected because of rapidly increasing size, when severe pain or neural deficit is present, or when compression of adjacent plexus elements is a concern Schwannomas and benign non-neural sheath tumors can usually be extirpated without damage to plexus elements Forequarter amputation is advised for malignant intrinsic tumors involving distal plexus elements even though gross total resection seems feasible
TL;DR: In this article, a questionnaire fonde sur ce modele a ete administre a 1835 infirmieres diplomees (hospitalieres) for six mois apres.
Abstract: On a utilise la theorie de l'action raisonnee pour construire un modele pour le «turnover» (instabilite professionnelle) des infirmieres. Un questionnaire fonde sur ce modele a ete administre a 1835 infirmieres diplomees (hospitalieres). Six mois apres, des informations ont ete recueillies sur les changements eventuels d'emploi ou de statut professionnel
TL;DR: This article reviewed the current status of school consultation research and critiques the research methodologies used in consultation research, and reviewed the major theoretical models in which consultation researches are carried out in education.
Abstract: This article reviews the current status of school consultation research and critiques the research methodologies used in consultation research. Major theoretical models in which consultation resear...
TL;DR: Results indicate that premating reproductive barriers exist at some stage in both crossing directions between fall armyworm strains, and support the contention that “fall armyworm” is composed of host-associated sibling species.
Abstract: Laboratory crosses between two host-associated strains of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were performed to determine if pre- or postreproductive incompatibilities existed. Two sets of experiments were conducted, the first (in October 1985) using a pair of fall armyworm strains from Puerto Rico, and the second (in September 1986) using a pair of strains from Louisiana. The same incompatibility was observed in both experiments. No successful matings occurred between females of the “corn strain” and males of the “rice strain,” and dissections of those females indicated that no spermatophores had been transferred. The reciprocal crosses between rice-strain females and corn-strain males resulted in fertile F1 progeny that were reared to adulthood and backcrossed to parental strains. No progeny were produced in backcrosses involving F1 females, but interbreeding did occur between F1 males and parental females and between a few interhybrid (F1 × F1) crosses. These results indicate that premating reproductive barriers exist at some stage in both crossing directions between fall armyworm strains, and support the contention that “fall armyworm” is composed of host-associated sibling species.
TL;DR: The effects of a platelet activating factor antagonist (BN 52021) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and free fatty acids, diacylglycerols and polyphosphoinositides were studied in the gerbil and inhibited the maturation of ischemic injury.
01 Dec 1987
TL;DR: An algorithm is presented to navigate a robot in an unexplored terrain that is arbitrarily populated with disjoint convex polygonal obstacles in the plane and it is proven to yield a convergent solution to each path of traversal.
Abstract: The problem of navigating an autonomous mobile robot through unexplored terrain of obstacles is discussed. The case when the obstacles are "known" has been extensively studied in literature. Completely unexplored obstacle terrain is considered. In this case, the process of navigation involves both learning the information about the obstacle terrain and path planning. An algorithm is presented to navigate a robot in an unexplored terrain that is arbitrarily populated with disjoint convex polygonal obstacles in the plane. The navigation process is constituted by a number of traversals; each traversal is from an arbitrary source point to an arbitrary destination point. The proposed algorithm is proven to yield a convergent solution to each path of traversal. Initially, the terrain is explored using a rather primitive sensor, and the paths of traversal made may be suboptimal. The visibility graph that models the obstacle terrain is incrementally constructed by integrating the information about the paths traversed so far. At any stage of learning, the partially learned terrain model is represented as a learned visibility graph, and it is updated after each traversal. It is proven that the learned visibility graph converges to the visibility graph with probability one when the source and destination points are chosen randomly. Ultimately, the availability of the complete visibility graph enables the robot to plan globally optimal paths and also obviates the further usage of sensors.
TL;DR: A year-long monitoring program within an elongated channel-fan system in Bute Inlet of British Columbia, Canada, detected active sand-transporting turbidity currents that captured the signatures of frequent energetic events.
Abstract: A year-long monitoring program within an elongated channel-fan system in Bute Inlet of British Columbia, Canada, detected active sand-transporting turbidity currents. Measurements of bottom velocities and sediment collected in traps, as well as damage to moorings and equipment, captured the signatures of frequent energetic events. Maximum calculated velocities achieved were 335 centimeters per second, with flow thicknesses of more than 30 meters. Coarse sand was transported at least 6 to 7.5 meters above the sea floor. Turbidity currents flowed a minimum distance of 25.9 kilometers, but possibly as far as 40 to 50 kilometers, over bottom slopes of generally less than 1 degrees.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the price adjustment process for rental office space in 17 cities across the United States over the time period 1960 to 1975 and found that higher levels of vacant office space mean that landlords lower their rents and reduce the difference between desired and actual vacancies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present two interactive algorithms which take advantage of the special form of the multiple-objective transportation problem and demonstrate their viability for solving the MIMO problem.
TL;DR: The results suggest that early implantation after acquired deafness may affect the success obtainable with electronic hearing prostheses.
Abstract: For implanted electronic prostheses to function successfully in the deaf, residual spiral ganglion neurons are presumed to be necessary. Several studies have tried to determine the effects cochlear electrode implantation and electrical stimulation have on the neurons of the spiral ganglion. Little work has been published, however, on the trophic effects of electrical stimulation on cell survival after cochlear damage by ototoxicity. This report presents the results of an investigation to determine the effects of early intracochlear electrical stimulation on spiral ganglion neuron survival after chemically induced deafness in young guinea pigs. A significantly larger number of spiral ganglion cells remained in stimulated ears 6 weeks after deafening than were seen in the unstimulated ears of the same animals. These results suggest that early implantation after acquired deafness may affect the success obtainable with electronic hearing prostheses.
TL;DR: The degree and nature of env gene variation in EIAV is remarkably similar to the human immunodeficiency virus, suggesting common mechanisms forenv gene variation among lentiviruses.
TL;DR: PAF appears to play an important role in the post-ischemic phase after bilateral carotid ligation in Mongolian gerbils, and the effect of Ginkgolides in cerebral ischemia are correlated with their PAF antagonistic properties.
TL;DR: In this article, a storm wind damage function for the Louisiana gulf coast, where inland distance of a location and wetlands traversed by a hurricane were among the independent was made of the increase in expected wind damage to property from the loss of intervening wetlands.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between role stressors, physical symptomatology, and turnover intentions within three alternative specifications: Beehr and Newman's (1978), Schuler's (1982), and Locke's (1976) theory of job satisfaction.
Abstract: SUMMARY Causal relationships involving role stressors, physical symptomatology, and turnover intentions were examined within three alternative specifications. These specifications stemmed from Beehr and Newman's (1978) and Schuler's (1982) models of role stress and Locke's (1976) theory of job satisfaction. The results, derived from LISREL VI analyses, indicate that a revised Schuler model is the most plausible specification. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for understanding role stress and employee withdrawal.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used capital market data to measure the effects of REIT mergers on the wealth of the acquiring trust's shareholders and found that a significant increase in shareholder wealth was detected.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured above-and below-ground water-level fluctuations in the marshes south of New Orleans, Louisiana, between November 1982 and December 1983 and investigated how canal spoil banks may influence the water level regime.
Abstract: Above- and below-ground water-level fluctuations were measured in the marshes south of New Orleans, Louisiana, between November 1982 and December 1983. The purpose of the program was to define the basic marsh water-level regime and to investigate how canal spoil banks may influence the water-level regime. Two study areas were used: (1) a control area, defined as a section of marsh with unrestricted hydrologic connection to an adjacent bayou; and, (2) a partially-impounded area, defined as an area with limited hydrologic connection to an adjacent bayou due to the presence of dredged canal spoil banks. Data sources included marsh water levels from gages deployed at three sites within the study areas and water levels from the adjacent bayous obtained from the tide gages of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Data from all marsh gage sites showed a similar pattern with a distinct surface and subsurface diurnal tidal signal superimposed upon other, larger scale events. These larger scale events correspond to the passage of weather fronts. The data also indicated that a significant amount of water-level fluctuation in the marshes occurs below ground. A comparison of the control area and the partially-impounded site indicated that the spoil banks changed the response of the marsh water levels to the forcing from the bayou, with the result that the partially-impounded area: (1) was flooded 141 hours more per month than the control area; (2) had fewer, but longer flooding events; (3) had fewer but longer drying events; and (4) reduced water exchange, both above and below ground.