Louisiana State University

About: Louisiana State University is a education organization based out in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 40206 authors who have published 76587 publications receiving 2566076 citations. The organization is also known as: LSU & Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College.

Entrepreneurial selection and success: does education matter?

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between general education, specific forms of entrepreneurial education and a range of entrepreneurial activities.Design/methodology/approach – The relationships were investigated through an analysis of peer‐reviewed research published in a wide range of journals and proceedings between 1995 and 2006.Findings – Findings suggest strong evidence supporting the relationship between levels of general education and several entrepreneurial success measures. The findings are less clear in regards to the link between general education and the choice to become an entrepreneur. The findings linking specific programs of entrepreneurship education to entrepreneurship, although ambiguous, suggest a positive link between such education and both the choice to become an entrepreneur and subsequent entrepreneurial success.Research limitations/implications – The review of research suggests four implications for existing research: a need for increased researc...

Tree recruitment in an empty forest.

Abstract: To assess how the decimation of large vertebrates by hunting alters recruitment processes in a tropical forest, we compared the sapling cohorts of two structurally and compositionally similar forests in the Rio Manu floodplain in southeastern Peru. Large vertebrates were severely depleted at one site, Boca Manu (BM), whereas the other, Cocha Cashu Biological Station (CC), supported an intact fauna. At both sites we sampled small (� 1 m tall, ,1 cm dbh) and large (� 1 cm and ,10 cm dbh) saplings in the central portion of 4-ha plots within which all trees � 10 cm dbh were mapped and identified. This design ensured that all conspecific adults within at least 50 m (BM) or 55 m (CC) of any sapling would have known locations. We used the Janzen-Connell model to make five predictions about the sapling cohorts at BM with respect to CC: (1) reduced overall sapling recruitment, (2) increased recruitment of species dispersed by abiotic means, (3) altered relative abundances of species, (4) prominence of large-seeded species among those showing depressed recruitment, and (5) little or no tendency for saplings to cluster closer to adults at BM. Our results affirmed each of these predictions. Interpreted at face value, the evidence suggests that few species are demographically stable at BM and that up to 28% are increasing and 72% decreasing. Loss of dispersal function allows species dispersed abiotically and by small birds and mammals to substitute for those dispersed by large birds and mammals. Although we regard these conclusions as preliminary, over the long run, the observed type of directional change in tree composition is likely to result in biodiversity loss and negative feedbacks on both the animal and plant communities. Our results suggest that the best, and perhaps only, way to prevent compositional change and probable loss of diversity in tropical tree communities is to prohibit hunting.

Evaluation of a brief stimulus preference assessment.

Abstract: We evaluated the utility of a brief (5-min) stimulus preference assessment for individuals with developmental disabilities. Participants had noncontingent (free) access to an array of stimuli and could interact with any of the stimuli at any time. Stimuli were never withdrawn or withheld from the participants during a 5-min session. In Experiment 1, the brief preference assessment was conducted for 10 participants to identify differentially preferred stimuli, and reinforcer assessments were conducted to test the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli identified as highly preferred. In Experiment 2, a comparison was conducted between the brief preference assessment and a commonly used paired-stimulus preference assessment. Collectively, results demonstrated that the brief preference assessment identified stimuli that functioned as reinforcers for a simple operant response, identified preferred stimuli that were differentially effective as reinforcers compared to nonpreferred stimuli, was associated with fewer problem behaviors, and required less time to complete than a commonly used paired-stimulus preference assessment.

Role of Implicit and Explicit Processes in Learning From Examples: A Synergistic Effect

Abstract: Four experiments are reported in which subjects gained extensive experience with artificial grammars in explicit and implicit processing tasks. Results indicated that (a) implicit processing was sufficient for learning a finite state grammar but was inadequate for learning another type of grammar based on logical rules, (b) Subjects were able to communicate some of their implicit knowledge of the grammars to another person, (c) Consistent with rule induction but not memory array models of learning, verbal protocols indicated there was no tendency to converge on the same set of cues used to identify valid strings, (d) A synergistic learning effect occurred when both implicit and explicit processing tasks were used in the grammar based on logical rules but not in the finite state grammar. A theoretical framework is proposed in which implicit learning is conceptualized as an automatic, memory-based mechanism for detecting patterns of family resemblance among exemplars. Explicit learning mechanisms for discovering and controlling task variables are similar to conscious problem solving. These processes include attempts to form a mental representation of the task, searching memory for knowledge of analogous systems, and attempts to build and test mental models of task performance (Gentner & Stevens, 1983; JohnsonLaird, 1983). Implicit learning is thought to be an alternate mode of learning that is automatic, nonconscious, and more powerful than explicit thinking for discovering nonsalient covariance between task variables (Lewicki, 1986; Reber, 1969, 1976; Reber & Allen, 1978). Demonstrations of implicit learning of artificial grammars typically involve comparisons between groups of subjects who experience exemplars of a grammar under (a) instructions to figure out the rules of the grammar (rule discovery instructions) or (b) instructions that require attention to the exemplars without attempting to determine the rules of the grammar (e.g., groups of subjects asked to memorize the exemplars for a subsequent memory test). Typically, groups of subjects who implicitly learned the grammar do as well or better on subsequent attempts to discriminate between new valid versus invalid strings as subjects who

Cause-Related Marketing (CRM): The Influence of Donation Proximity and Message-Framing Cues on the Less-Involved Consumer

Abstract: Arguably, the majority of cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns implemented since their inception over 20 years ago offer consumers who are highly involved with causes a strong reason to participate. Their involvement represents a significant motivating factor. However, a multitude of CRM campaigns competing for the limited number of socially conscious consumers and the emergence of new generations that are reportedly less socially conscious suggests that firms and their nonprofit partners should consider additional target-market opportunities. In two experiments, we assess the role of donation proximity and message framing on campaign attitudes and participation intentions of less-involved consumers. Findings reveal that local donations and positive message framing serve as effective message cues to produce favorable CRM outcomes among this market segment that strategists consider fertile ground. Additional findings and implications for creating and communicating CRM campaigns are discussed.