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Showing papers by "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich published in 1981"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is deduced that individuals who show good perception of heart activity tend to exhibit higher levels of a momentarily experienced emotion (in this case anxiety) and to score higher on the personality trait “Emotional Lability.”
Abstract: The main assumption of the present study is that emotional experience is coupled to perception of bodily processes. From this it is deduced that individuals who show good perception of heart activity tend to exhibit higher levels of a momentarily experienced emotion (in this case anxiety) and to score higher on the personality trait “Emotional Lability.” The aspect of cardiac awareness considered here is perception of heart beats. Subjects were instructed to count heart beats (only by concentrating on their body but not by taking their pulse) during a signalled time interval and the reported number of beats was then compared to the actual number of beats as extracted from the EKG. Additionally, skin conductance and respiration were recorded. During the experimental task (i.e., counting heart beats) increases in heart rate, respiration rate and number of spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance were recorded. Groups of good and poor perceivers were formed on the basis of accuracy on the perception task. The two groups did not differ in heart rate; however, in State Anxiety and Emotional Lability, the group of good perceivers had significantly higher scores. The importance of visceroception for emotional experience is pointed out and the relevance for clinical psychology is discussed.

948 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Weinberg-Salam model was extended to include neutrino masses in the most economical way and two new particles, a Goldstone boson and a neutral Higgs with low mass, appeared coupled strongly to neutrinos but so weakly to the other fermions that they cannot be detected at present laboratory energies.

852 citations


OtherDOI
TL;DR: The sections in this article are: Methodological Considerations, General Summary and Epilogue, Ascending Pathways that Monitor Segmental Interneuronal Activity, and Evidence That Ascending FRA Pathways Monitor Activity in interneurons of Reflex Pathways.
Abstract: The sections in this article are: 1 Methodological Considerations 1.1 Selective Stimulation of Primary Afferents 1.2 Stimulation of Central Motor Systems 1.3 Methods for Investigation of Convergence at Interneuronal Level 2 Spinal Neuronal Circuits Used in Common by Segmental Afferents and Supraspinal Motor Centers 2.1 Recurrent Inhibition 2.2 Pathways From Ia-Afferents and Their Control by γ-Motoneurons 2.3 Reflex Pathways From Group Ib Tendon Organ Afferents 2.4 Reflex Pathways From Cutaneous and Joint Afferents and From Groups II and III Muscle Afferents 2.5 Propriospinal Neurons 2.6 Presynaptic Inhibition of Transmission From Primary Afferents 3 Reticulospinal Inhibition of Segmental Reflex Transmission 3.1 Dorsal Reticulospinal System 3.2 Ventral Reticulospinal Pathways 3.3 Monoaminergic Reticulospinal Pathways 3.4 Decerebrate Preparation 4 Direct Projections of Descending Pathways to α-Motoneurons 5 Ascending Pathways that Monitor Segmental Interneuronal Activity 5.1 Evidence That Ascending FRA Pathways Monitor Activity in Interneurons of Reflex Pathways 5.2 Information Via Ascending Collaterals of Interneurons 5.3 Ventral Flexor Reflex Tracts 5.4 Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract 6 General Summary and Epilogue 6.1 General Summary 6.2 Epilogue

662 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the atomic masses and ground-state deformations of 4023 nuclides ranging from 16O to 279112 were calculated on the basis of a Yukawa-plus-exponential macroscopic model and a folded-Yukawa microscopic model, with new terms included to account for several previously neglected physical effects.

435 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption and desorption of O 2 on a Pt(111) surface have been studied using molecular beam/surface scattering techniques, in combination with AES and LEED for surface characterization.

422 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The axillary microflora of 229 subjects was characterized quantitatively and the results correlated with whether the odor was pungent body odor or instead a faint "acid odor", found to be a stable mixture of Micrococcaceae, aerobic diphtheroids and Propionibacteria.

361 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Whereas the late complication rate depended significantly on dose per fraction, local tumor control depended strongly on overall treatment time.
Abstract: Three hundred and ten patients with T3T4 N 0 , M 0 squamous cell carcinoma were irradiated with 200 kV X rays with total doses ranging from 4,900 to 6,200 rad, given in 21 to 35 fractions in 32–63 days. After a minimum follow-up period of 3 years, the local control rate was 50% ; 21 severe late complications were observed among the patients. The dependence of local control rate and of late complication rate on the dose per fraction and on overall treatment time was analyzed by various statistical methods. Whereas the late complication rate depended significantly on dose per fraction, local tumor control depended strongly on overall treatment time.

283 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These results, which were obtained with mouse satellite DNA and two fragments from the plasmid pBR22, do not support the previous contention that it is the regions of high At-content which are initially cleaved by micrococcal nuclease.
Abstract: Micrococcal nuclease is shown to cleave DNA under conditions of partial digestion in a specific manner. Sequences of the type 5'CATA and 5'CTA are attacked preferentially, followed by exonucleolytic degradation at the newly generated DNA termini. GC-rich flanking sequences further increase the probability of initial attack. Unexpectedly, long stretches containing only A and T are spared by the nuclease. These results, which were obtained with spared by the nuclease. These results, which were obtained with mouse satellite DNA and two fragments from the plasmid pBR22, do not support the previous contention that it is the regions of high At-content which are initially cleaved by micrococcal nuclease. This specificity of micrococcal nuclease complicates its use in experiments intended to monitor the nucleoprotein structure of a DNA sequence in chromatin.

277 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
09 Apr 1981-Nature
TL;DR: Proteins which traverse membranes tend to have a dimeric structure in which the dimer is arranged asymmetrically across the membrane with the axis of symmetry perpendicular to the membrane plane.
Abstract: Proteins which traverse membranes tend to have a dimeric structure in which the dimer is arranged asymmetrically across the membrane with the axis of symmetry perpendicular to the membrane plane. This general structure is well suited to the function of transporting nutrients across the cell membrane.

254 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured CO adsorbs on clean Pt(111) with an angular and temperature-independent sticking coefficient of 0.84 ± 0.05, where the coverage-dependence of the adsorption rate can be fitted by a precursor state model, where a weak adaption state for CO existing in the presence of pre-adsorbed CO plays the major role.

236 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings provide evidence for direct oxytocin and vasopressin projections from the hypothalamus to the medulla, which may be involved in autonomic regulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inhibitory action and binding characteristics of the new anti-fungal antibiotic myxothiazol has been described and a red shift of the ferrocytochrome b spectrum is indicated, independent of and differs from the antimycin red shift.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper demonstrates the applicability of the Mossbauer effect to the study of the dynamic behaviour of proteins by measuring the Lamb-Mossbauer factor f′ of a polycrystalline sample of metmyoglobin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the critical behavior of a semi-infinite system with O(n) spin symmetry was studied in 4-π dimensions near the ordinary transition using renormalization-group methods of field theory and ǫ-expansion techniques.
Abstract: The critical behaviour of a semi-infinite system withO(n) spin symmetry is studied in 4-ɛ dimensions near the ordinary transition using renormalization-group methods of field theory and ɛ-expansion techniques. It is found that, to all orders in ɛ, all surface exponents can be expressed in terms of two bulk exponents and a single surface exponent which follows from the anomalous dimension of the derivative ∂⊥ φ(x ∥,0) of The order parameter ϕ(x‖,x ⊥) at the surface (x ⊥=0). As a byproduct, Barber's scaling law 2γ1 − γ11 = γ + ν is obtained. The surface exponents are calculated to second order in ɛ. Our results show that the scaling relationη ∥ = ν−1 proposed by Bray and Moore is incorrect. The behaviour of various scaling functions close to the surface (i.e. forx ⊥ ≪correlation length) is determined with the help of short-distance expansions. We also treat corrections to scaling and logarithmic corrections in four dimensions. Our results for the logarithmic corrections of the layer and local susceptibilities disagree with those obtained by Guttmann and Reeve.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hypothalamic magnocellular neurons that contain vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin were stained in 120 μm thick frozen sections using specific antisera and a modified immunoperoxidase technique yielding a Golgi-like image allowing detailed analysis of neuromorphology, revealing that these neurons constitute a complex population.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Repeated exposure to this UV-A delivering system yields long lasting dark brown skin pigmentation without any clinical or histological signs of "sunburn" (UV-B) damage, epidermal hyperplasia or thickening of the stratum corneum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequence of uncloned mouse satellite DNA has been determined by analyzing Sau96I restriction fragments that correspond to the repeat unit of the satellite DNA and an unambiguous sequence of 234 bp has been obtained.
Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of uncloned mouse satellite DNA has been determined by analyzing Sau96I restriction fragments that correspond to the repeat unit of the satellite DNA. An unambiguous sequence of 234 bp has been obtained. The sequence of the first 250 bases from dimeric satellite fragments present in Sau96I limit digests corresponds almost exactly to two tandemly arranged monomer sequences including a complete Sau96I site in the center. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that a low level of divergence which cannot be detected in sequence analyses of uncloned DNA is responsible for the appearance of dimeric fragments. Most of the sequence of the 5% fraction of Sau96 monomers that are susceptible to TaqI has also been determined and has been found to agree completely with the prototype sequence. The monomer sequence is internally repetitious being composed of eight diverged subrepeats. The divergence pattern has interesting implications for theories on the evolution of mouse satellite DNA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An improved method for the two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal proteins on acrylamide gel slabs has been developed by combining the procedures for the first dimension of Mets and Bogorad (1974) and for the second dimension of Kaltschmidt and Wittmann (1970) and by introducing several modification.
Abstract: An improved method for the two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal proteins on acrylamide gel slabs has been developed by combining the procedures for the first dimension of Mets and Bogorad (1974) and for the second dimension of Kaltschmidt and Wittmann (1970) and by introducing several modification. Ribosomal proteins of various Escherichia coli mutants have been analyzed by the new method. Advantages are that (1) it requires only small amounts of protein (100–200 μg 70S ribosomal proteins), (2) reproducibility is very high, and (3) it makes it easier to identify mutational alterations in proteins S10, L4, L10, and L21 which hardly migrate out of the sample gel with our previous electrophoresis procedure. Furthermore, the new method can be nicely adapted to analysis of the ribosomal proteins from other organisms, such as Bacilli or yeast.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new model for the substructure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons is proposed, and the structure of weak interactions at high energies is expected to deviate substantially from the one predicted by the standard SU(2) × U(1) theory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Excitatory postsynaptic currents recorded extracellularly from large muscle fibers by means of ‘patch clamp’ electrodes achieved better signal/noise ratio and temporal stability, and has strong presynaptic effects on the release probability, but in addition smaller ones on teh post Synaptic channel characteristics.
Abstract: Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded extracellularly from large muscle fibers by means of ‘patch clamp’ electrodes. Compared to usual extracellular recordings, better signal/noise ratio and temporal stability were achieved. In the range of extracellular calcium concentrations [Ca]0 between 2.7 and 13.5 mmol/l (normal), the average amplitude of the EPSC increased more than proportional to [Ca]0. The unit quantum current,C1, and the average release rate,m, were determined from EPSCs and also from spontaneous sEPSCs, using both Poisson and binomial statistics. The main effect of [Ca]0 was onm: at different synaptic sitesm depended on the second to fourth power of [Ca]0. In terms of binomial parameters, the release probabilityp is the [Ca]0-dependent one. In addition, reduction of [Ca]0 from 13.5 to 2.7 mmol/l decreased the unit quantumC1 consistently to 60%; simultaneously the rise and decay of EPSCs and sEPSCs were shortened by 10–20%. [Ca]0 thus has strong presynaptic effects on the release probability, but in addition smaller ones on teh postsynaptic channel characteristics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the unique solution of Vlasow hierarchy is induced by the flow on the space of probability measures on R6 which is obtained from the solution of the Vlasov equation.
Abstract: Motivated by a recent paper of H. Narnhofer and G. Sewell, we investigate the problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions of the Vlasov hierarchy. It is shown that the unique solution of the Vlasow hierarchy is induced by the flow on the space of probability measures on R6 which is obtained from the solution of the Vlasov equation.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Feb 1981
TL;DR: In this article, multi-photon ionization (MPI) with tunable visible/UV laser light is shown to be a sensitive tool for analysis of traces in gas mixtures when combined with a mass spectrometer.
Abstract: Multi-photon ionization (MPI) with tunable visible/UV laser light is shown to be a sensitive tool for analysis of traces in gas mixtures when combined with a mass spectrometer. Mass spectra of six different organic molecules, obtained with low intensity laser light, are presented and demonstrate the facility of ionization without fragmentation (soft ionization) under proper experimental conditions. Quantitative values for the cross sections for both two photon steps are obtained from the measured intensity dependence and the absolute ion numbers. Such quantitative data help in the evaluation and definition of this new ionization technique in mass spectrometry. Efficiencies of ionization for some molecules are as high as 25% leading to 106 ions in a single pulse from the dye laser (1 kW). Detectability as low as 2 parts in 109 is thus predicted.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the critical behavior of a semi-infinite $n$-vector model in 4-dimensional dimensions near the special transition is studied. And the renormalization of the relevant surface operators is explicitly carried out in two-loop order.
Abstract: The critical behavior of a semi-infinite $n$-vector model in $4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions near the special transition is studied. The renormalization of the relevant surface operators is discussed and explicitly carried out in two-loop order. It is found that the crossover exponent ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{s}$ related to the square of the order parameter in the surface does not satisfy the relation ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{s}=1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{ u}$ due to Bray and Moore.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The vaginal vault prolapse was alleviated by the colpopexy technique in all patients, however, coexisting cystocele, rectoCele, and enterocele and related incontinence remained in a few instances.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study was performed to obtain further insight into the arrangement of the electron carriers in the cytochrome bci segment of the respiratory chain and to test whether the 2 inhibitors antimycin and myxothiazol combine in their inhibitory action on the electron transfer from ubiquinol onto cy tochrome b.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existence and uniqueness of classical solutions of the initial value problem for Vlasov's equation with an unmodified Newtonian or Coulomb force was studied in this paper. But the existence of a solution on an interval I was not considered.
Abstract: We study existence and uniqueness of classical solutions of the initial value problem for Vlasov's equation with an unmodified Newtonian or Coulomb force. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a solution on an interval I.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A class of numerical methods for the treatment of delay differential equations is developed in this paper, which are based on the wellknown Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg methods.
Abstract: A class of numerical methods for the treatment of delay differential equations is developed. These methods are based on the wellknown Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg methods. The retarded argument is approximated by an appropriate multipoint Hermite Interpolation. The inherent jump discontinuities in the various derivatives of the solution are considered automatically. Problems with piecewise continuous right-hand side and initial function are treated too. Real-life problems are used for the numerical test and a comparison with other methods published in literature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the rotational energy distributions of NO molecules scattered at a Pt(111) surface have been determined by means of laser-induced fluorescence, and it has been shown that no Boltzmann distribution is observed if the molecules are directly (specularly) scattered at graphitic overlayer.
Abstract: Variations of the rotational energy distributions of NO molecules scattered at a Pt(111) surface have been determined by means of laser-induced fluorescence. Scattering of a rotationally cold (32 K) supersonic molecular beam at a NO-covered surface results in full rotational accommodation due to trapping/desorption. No Boltzmann distribution of the rotational energies is observed if the molecules are directly (specularly) scattered at a graphitic overlayer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The general tendency to classify within the group according to morphological complexity was shown to be phylogenetically invalid and the findings serve as a starting point for a restructuring of actinomycete taxonomy.
Abstract: The method of 16S ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide cataloging has been used to establish phylogenetic relationships among a number of genera of actinomycetes and related organisms. The findings serve as a starting point for a restructuring of actinomycete taxonomy. Several genera, such asThermoactinomyces andEubacterium, do not belong with the group, and the species of at least one atypical genus,Micrococcus, must be included therein. The general tendency to classify within the group according to morphological complexity was shown to be phylogenetically invalid.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1981
Abstract: Adsorption of water vapor at 293°K was investigated on nonporous calcium silicate, cement raw material, and porous hardened cement paste (hcp). Two parameters are sufficient to fit the entire set of data from 1 to 95% relative humidity (r.h.) for the nonporous samples. The statistical thickness of the adsorbed water film ( t curve) is given for a hydrophilic adsorbent, using the BET C constant as parameter. For the case of water adsorbed on hcp, surface areas calculated by V-t plots using this t curve agree well with BET surface areas. As capillary condensation cannot be distinguished from adsorption above 95% r.h., our data are completed by ellipsometric measurements of H 2 O on fused silica surfaces in the high-humidity range. For the chemical potential μ of the adsorbate a simple mathematical expression is given and discussed. Frequently, the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (F.H.H.) theory is used to describe adsorption phenomena, assuming dispersion forces as the dominant factor. The predictions according to the F.H.H. theory lie more than one order of magnitude below the experimental values. It is shown that hydrogen-oxygen bonding is more suitable to characterize adsorption phenomena of water on hydrophilic surfaces. For porous materials the influence of the opposite pore wall on the chemical potential is discussed.