scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Lund University published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
B. G. Johansson1
TL;DR: A simple technique for agarose gel electrophoresis allowing the simultaneous separation of 15 samples in less than one hour is described, which could serve as a valuable analytical tool in protein chemistry.
Abstract: A simple technique for agarose gel electrophoresis allowing the simultaneous separation of 15 samples in less than one hour is described. The method is very suitable for clinical routine analyses o...

922 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
05 May 1972-Nature
TL;DR: KNOWLEDGE of the detailed pattern of fluorescence of the normal human karyotype has enabled us to recognize, both in biopsies and in cell cultures from several Burkitt lymphomas, an extra band in one homologue of D group chromosome pair No. 14.
Abstract: KNOWLEDGE of the detailed pattern of fluorescence of the normal human karyotype, showing more than 200 bands per haploid chromosome set1, has enabled us to recognize, both in biopsies and in cell cultures from several Burkitt lymphomas, an extra band in one homologue of D group chromosome pair No. 14. The deviation was seen in all analysable cells of five out of six tumour biopsies and of seven out of nine tumour cell lines examined, representing twelve different tumours from nine male and three female patients. In three tumours both biopsies and cultures were examined, and it was found that all gave results consistent in the two types of samples. Thus, two of them had the marker band in both the biopsy and culture, the third revealed the marker band absent in both cases. The remaining tumours were investigated only in biopsies or only in culture. They were positive in eight cases, negative in one. Of the twelve tumours examined altogether, ten were positive and two negative.

604 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Per-Åke Wedin1
TL;DR: The sin ϑ theorem for Hermitian linear operators in Davis and Kahan as discussed by the authors is applicable to computational solution of overdetermined systems of linear equations and especially cover the rank deficient case when the matrix is replaced by one of lower rank.
Abstract: LetA be anm ×n-matrix which is slightly perturbed. In this paper we will derive an estimate of how much the invariant subspaces ofA H A andAA H will then be affected. These bounds have the sin ϑ theorem for Hermitian linear operators in Davis and Kahan [1] as a special case. They are applicable to computational solution of overdetermined systems of linear equations and especially cover the rank deficient case when the matrix is replaced by one of lower rank.

553 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The region of low threshold efferent zones which projected to distal forelimb muscles was found to coincide with a region receiving short latency afferent input from group II cutaneous and deep afferents.
Abstract: 1. Peripheral inputs to cortical efferent zones projecting to distal forelimb muscles were examined in Cebus monkey by using one microelectrode both for low intensity intracortical stimulation and for recording cellular discharges. 2. Efferent zones within the motor cortex received afferent inputs from skin, joint and muscle receptors. 3. A given efferent zone received afferent inputs from receptors in muscles as well as joints involved in the movement produced by microstimulation within that zone. 4. Cells activated by tactile stimuli had receptive fields almost exclusively on the glabrous volar surface of the hand and lay within cortical efferent zones projecting to finger flexor muscles. 5. The region of low threshold efferent zones which projected to distal forelimb muscles was found to coincide with a region receiving short latency afferent input from group II cutaneous and deep afferents. Group I muscle afferents projected to an adjacent area of the cortex. 6. The organization of motor cortex in cat and monkey was compared with particular reference to input-output relations.

362 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The functional organization of a cortical efferent system controlling contralateral distal forelimb muscles was examined in monkeys using the method of intracortical microstimulation and functional significance of the organization was discussed in relation to the pyramidal tract.
Abstract: The functional organization of a cortical efferent system controlling contralateral distal forelimb muscles was examined in monkeys using the method of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). The results obtained are:

355 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The response of 18 plasma proteins after cholecystectomy has been followed up for 3 weeks and the finding suggest that a2-macroglobulin may be used as an internal standard since no apparent changes appear.
Abstract: The response of 18 plasma proteins after cholecystectomy has been followed up for 3 weeks. The acute phase reaction has been compared with that after mastectomy. The response to these tissue lesions were very similar but more intense after cholecystectomy. The finding suggest that a2-macroglobulin may be used as an internal standard since no apparent changes appear. The concentration decreases during the first few postoperative days for albumin, α-lipoproteins, transferrin and prealbumin. No common cause is probable. C-reactive protein and antichymotrypsin begin to rise within eight hours. One day later orosomucoid, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and α1-antitrypsin show a strong reaction. Hemopexin, β1c-globulin, prothrombin, ceruloplasmin, Gc-globulin, α1, easily precipitable glycoprotein, plasminogen and cold insoluble globulin showed a delayed reaction with a moderate increase within a week. The immunoglobulins show insignificant changes.

345 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
14 Jul 1972-Science
TL;DR: The blanching hormone of the prawn, Pandalus borealis, is pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2 and its structure was settled by a combination of mass spectrometry and Edman-dansyl analysis of a thermolysin fragment.
Abstract: The blanching hormone of the prawn, Pandalus borealis, is pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2. Its structure was settled by a combination of mass spectrometry and Edman-dansyl analysis of a thermolysin fragment. Confirmation of the structure was obtained by chemical synthesis from amino acids. This neurosecreted hormone is active in picogram amounts when tested in shrimps.

320 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Bo Eklof1, Bo K. Siesjö1
TL;DR: It is concluded that ischemia may lead to a grossly inhomogenous reduction in the tissue perfusion and pure hypoxemia with a reduction of venous Po2 to about 10 mm Hg can be tolerated without changes in the energy state of the tissue.
Abstract: The cerebral effects of bilateral carotid artery ligation were studied in ligthly anesthetized rats, either alone or combined with moderate reductions in the mean arterial blood pressure. The relative decreases in cerebral blood flow were estimated from the a-v differences for O2 and CO2 on the assumption of an unchanged cerebral metabolic rate. Ligation of the carotid arteries alone was found to decrease cerebral blood flow to about 50 % of normal, but to give no significant changes in the energy state of the tissue, as judged from the tissue contents of the ATP, ADP and AMP. When the cerebral blood flow was reduced further by means of an induced decrease in blood pressure, the energy state of the tissue was severely affected. At this point the cerebral venous Po2 was reduced from about 50 to about 30 mm Hg. Since pure hypoxemia with a reduction of venous Po2 to about 10 mm Hg can be tolerated without changes in the energy state of the tissue, it is concluded that ischemia may lead to a grossly inhomogenous reduction in the tissue perfusion.

220 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Lars Ivar Elding1
TL;DR: In this article, the chloro and bromo complexes of palladium(II) have been calculated using a least squares program from spectrophotometric measurements at 222, 234.5 and 279 nm (chloride) and at 247, 265, and 332 nm (bromide).

183 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plexuses of cholinergic nerve terminals were demonstrated (acetylcholinesterase staining) in pial arteries at the base of the brain and on the brain convexities of mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea-pigs, and cats, suggesting that these vessels do have a cholinerential parasympathetic innervation in contrast to most other vascular systems, for example, in the mesenterium.
Abstract: Plexuses of cholinergic nerve terminals were demonstrated (acetylcholinesterase staining) in pial arteries (down to a diameter of about 15μ) at the base of the brain and on the brain convexities of mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea-pigs, and cats. The pial veins were less well supplied than the arteries. Consecutive formaldehyde gas treatment (to visualize adrenergic nerves) and acetylcholinesterase staining revealed that the adrenergic and cholinergic plexuses followed each other closely, the axon terminals running together in the same Schwann cell strands. This was confirmed by electron microscopy after KMnO4 fixation or 5-hydroxydopamine treatment. The varicosities of cholinergic and adrenergic axons were sometimes seen as close as 250 A. In the neuro-effector area, the terminals of both nerve types (naked or surrounded by an incomplete Schwann cell covering) approached the smooth muscle cells as close as 800–1100 A, and they were separated from the latter only by the fused neuronal and muscular basement membranes. In this area axo-axonal contacts were observed. The adrenergic, but not the cholinergic, nerves disappeared after bilateral removal of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia. Isolated cat middle cerebral artery contracted strongly with acetylcholine, and the effect was inhibited by atropine.

175 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The binding of both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydration to the gel tested, AMP-Sepharose, is strong enough to resist elution by gradients of KCl of up to at least 0.5m.
Abstract: 1. Two different gels have been prepared suitable for the separation of a number of enzymes, in particular NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenases, by affinity chromatography. For both the matrix used was Sepharose 4B. For preparation (a), NAD(+)-Sepharose, 6-aminohexanoic acid has been coupled to the gel by the cyanogen bromide method and then NAD(+) was attached by using dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide; for preparation (b), AMP-Sepharose, N(6)-(6-aminohexyl)-AMP has been coupled directly to cyanogen bromide-activated gel. 2. Affinity columns of both gels retain only the two enzymes when a mixture of bovine serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is applied. Subsequent elution with the cofactor NAD(+) yields glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase whereas lactate dehydrogenase is eluted by applying the same molarity of the reduced cofactor. 3. The binding of both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase to the gel tested, AMP-Sepharose, is strong enough to resist elution by gradients of KCl of up to at least 0.5m. A 0.0-0.15m gradient of the competitive inhibitor salicylate, however, elutes both enzymes efficiently and separately. 4. The elution efficiency of lactate dehydrogenase from AMP-Sepharose has been examined by using a series of eluents under comparable conditions of concentration etc. The approximate relative efficiencies are: 0 (lactate); 0 (lactate+semicarbazide); 0 (0.5mm-NAD(+)); 80 (lactate+NAD(+)); 95 (lactate+semicarbazide+NAD(+)); 100 (0.5mm-NADH). 5. All contaminating lactate dehydrogenase activity can be removed from commercially available crude pyruvate kinase in a single-step procedure by using AMP-Sepharose.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The investigations suggested that at least half of the fluid gain to the circulatory system in heavy exercise could be ascribed to the increased arterial osmolality and the remainder to a reflex decrease of capillary pressure.
Abstract: During 6 min exercise on a bicycle ergometer the volume of the leg in normal males increased so as to indicate, after correction for increased regional blood volume, an average trans-capillary fluid loss into the leg muscles of 19, 31, and 45 ml/kg tissue at light (300 kpm/min), moderate (900 kpm/min), and heavy (1200–1500 kpm/min) work load. The total fluid loss into the active muscle mass was calculated to comprise about 1100 ml during heavy work. Since the concomitant decrease of plasma volume was 600 ml, it follows that some 500 ml of fluid must have entered the circulatory system during the work. The study indicated that this compensatory fluid gain was accomplished by absorption of extravascular fluid from inactive tissues and partly caused by osmosis resulting from work induced arterial hyperosmolality (average increase 22 mOsm/kg H2O). Fluid absorption from inactive tissues was studied in experimental animals during exercise and in resting humans during arterial hyperosmolality produced by intravenous hypertonic infusions. The investigations suggested that at least half of the fluid gain to the circulatory system in heavy exercise could be ascribed to the increased arterial osmolality and the remainder to a reflex decrease of capillary pressure.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Mar 1972-Science
TL;DR: The growth of new axonal sprouts was studied from transected, ascending noradrenergic axons into transplants of iris tissue in the caudal hypothalamus of the rat and the effect seemed to be proportional to the administered dose of nerve growth factor.
Abstract: The growth of new axonal sprouts was studied from transected, ascending noradrenergic axons into transplants of iris tissue in the caudal hypothalamus of the rat. A single intraventricular injection of nerve growth factor, given at the time of axonal damage, resulted in an increased formation and growth of new noradrenaline sprouts 7 days later. The effect seemed to be proportional to the administered dose of nerve growth factor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The immunoglobulin pattern after three weeks was characterized by a small increase most prominent for IgM, and only slight changes were found for hemopexin, plasminogen, prothrombin, cold insoluble globulin, β1F-globulin and a2-macroglobulin.
Abstract: Plasma concentrations of 21 proteins have been determined during three weeks following myocardial infarction. Three major patterns of response were distinguished. (1) C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, antichymotrypsin, fibrinogen, orosomucoid and ai-antitrypsin showed a rapid increase with a maximum on day 5, followed by a partial normalisation on day 21. (2) Prealbumin, albumin, α-lipoprotein, transferrin and immunoglobulin G showed a rapid decrease to 80 % or less on day 5 and restoration to normal values on day 21. (3) Ceruloplasmin and β1c-globulin showed a moderate increase with maximum during the second week. Only slight changes were found for hemopexin, plasminogen, prothrombin, cold insoluble globulin, β1F-globulin and a2-macroglobulin. The immunoglobulin pattern after three weeks was characterized by a small increase most prominent for IgM.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jun 1972-Science
TL;DR: Fibrosarcomas induced in Chinese hamsters and rats by Rous sarcomla virus and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene are associated with nonrandom chromosome variation.
Abstract: Fibrosarcomas induced in Chinese hamsters and rats by Rous sarcomla virus and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene are associated with nonrandom chromosome variation. Although histologically indistinguishable, the tumors induced by the virus or chemical in each host species are characterized by completely different karyotypic patterns.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1972-Chest
TL;DR: The prediction of postoperative VC and FEVI was found satisfactory for clinical purposes, ie about as good as that obtained by previous authors using bronchospirometry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An abnormal prothrombin was identified with immunochemical methods in the plasma from dicoumarol-treated oxen and purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, DeAE-Sephadex, and hydroxylapatite and gel filtration on SephadeX G-100.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence suggested that acid phosphatase was continuously transported to the lipofuscin bodies throughout the life-span of the cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
Peter Möller1
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of asymmetric distortions on the potential energy surfaces of nuclei in the region of 84 ≦ Z ≦ 120 was studied for a large number of nuclear elements in the range of Z = 114, N = 184.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the small-scale structure of solar magnetic fields has been studied using simultaneous recordings in the spectral lines Fe i 5250 A and Fe i 5233 A, obtained with the Kitt Peak multi-channel magnetograph.
Abstract: The small-scale structure of solar magnetic fields has been studied using simultaneous recordings in the spectral lines Fe i 5250 A and Fe i 5233 A, obtained with the Kitt Peak multi-channel magnetograph We find that more than 90% of the magnetic flux in active regions (excluding the sunspots), observed with a 24 by 24″ aperture, is channelled through narrow filaments This percentage is even higher in quiet areas The field lines in a magnetic filament diverge rapidly with height, and part of the flux returns back to the neighbouring photosphere Therefore the strong fields within a magnetic filament are surrounded by weak fields of the order of a few gauss of the opposite polarity The field-strength distribution within a filament, including the surrounding opposite-polarity fields, seems to be almost the same for all filaments within a given active or quiet region

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rate of normal growth in length from the proximal growth plate of the tibia in the Sprague-Dawley rat was measured between 20 and 100 days of age using the tetracycline method and was highest in young animals and decreased considerably with increasing age.
Abstract: The rate of normal growth in length from the proximal growth plate of the tibia in the Sprague-Dawley rat was measured between 20 and 100 days of age using the tetracycline method. The growth rate varied only slightly within different age groups. The rate was highest in young animals and decreased considerably with increasing age. Male rats grew faster than female. This study is intended to provide a base for an evaluation of experimental influence on the growth in length of the rat.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An electrophysiological study shows that the motor nerve at the third day after injury forms synaptic contacts with regenerating muscle cells, and the regeneration process has proceeded to the stage of early muscle fibres with fully differentiated myofibrils with typical sarcomere structures.
Abstract: Methyl-bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic with a selective myotoxic action. A single subcutaneous injection of the drug into the hind leg of adult rats produces a uniform, complete and irreversible destruction of superficial layers of fibres in the underlying extensor digitorum longus muscle. The degeneration of muscle fibres is followed by phagocytosis and a rapid and complete regeneration. The first stage in the regeneration process is the appearance of presumptive myoblasts within the original basement membrane of the sarcolemmal tube. On the second day after injury aggregates of myoblasts are present and fusion is observed between the cells. The myotubes thus formed increase in size by fusing with additional myoblasts. Myotubes are also observed to fuse with one another. On the fifth day after injury the regeneration process has proceeded to the stage of early muscle fibres with fully differentiated myofibrils with typical sarcomere structures. By ten days only mature muscle fibres of about normal size are present and regeneration appears complete. In previously denervated and methyl-bupivacaine treated muscles the stages of regeneration are similar to those observed in innervated muscles, the only apparent difference being a slowing of cell differentiation and incomplete maturation. An electrophysiological study shows that the motor nerve at the third day after injury forms synaptic contacts with regenerating muscle cells. At that stage of myogenesis the myotubes are highly sensitive to applied acetylcholine. 1 (1-n-butyl-DL-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid-2,6-dimethyl-anilide-hydrochloride); Marcaine®, manufactured by AB Bofors, Nobel-Pharma, Molndal, Sweden.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the yield of fluorophores is considerably higher in the glyoxylic acid vapours reaction than in the formaldehyde vapour reaction of the standard Falck-Hillarp method, and that this higher efficiency is due to the most favourable catalysing properties of the carboxylic group of the gly oxygenlic acid molecule.
Abstract: Glyoxylic acid vapour is a most powerful reagent for the fluorescence histochemical visualization of biogenic monoamines. In the present investigation the mechanisms of fluorophore formation in the glyoxylic acid reaction has been studied in detail for tryptamine in histochemical models and in freeze-dried tissue, utilizing microspectrofluorometric, Chromatographic, and mass spectrometric techniques in combination with isotope measurements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the 1967 CERN-EXP phase-shift analysis has been redone with 212 times more experimental data (11550 points) and the results differ mainly in being even smoother.

Journal ArticleDOI
Berndt Ehinger1
TL;DR: The uptake of 20 different amino acids into the rabbit retina was studied in vivo in vivo after intravitreal injections or in vitro after incubations in order to obtain results pertinent to the autoradiographic procedure for demonstrating neurones putatively operating with certain amino acids as neurotransmitters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high proportion of the radioactivity incorporated through base exchange was found in arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholines whereas the CDP-choline pathway preferentially gave rise to oleoyl

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The measured activity was almost completely dependent on the presence of serum, strongly inhibited by 1 M Nad and protamine sulfate, had a pH optimum of 8.0 and rapidly increased on carbohydrate feeding, substantiating the high specificity for lipoprotein lipase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The common electrophoretic band patterns of cerebrospinal fluid and urine in health and disease are analysed and the genetic variants and aquired shifts in disease are outlined.
Abstract: The electrophoretic distribution of the 14 plasma components of decisive influence on the normal gel electrophoretic plasma patterns are presented. The genetic variants and aquired shifts in disease are outlined with comments on blurred and displaced bands as a result of intercation phenomenon of individual proteins. The common electrophoretic band patterns of cerebrospinal fluid and urine in health and disease are analysed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that β-bungarotoxin in addition to blocking transmitter release blocks the release of trophic substances from the nerve or alternatively that neuromuscular transmission and resulting muscle activity constitute trophics influences necessary for the prevention of the appearance of denervation changes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The occurrence of a rich, peripheral sympathetic innervation in the medial habenular nucleus of the brain offers possibilities for a previously not observed sympathetic influence on this nucleus.
Abstract: The pineal gland of the rat is located near the brain surface and is via a slender stalk connected to lamina intercalaris which constitutes a cell formation between the habenular and posterior commissures, continuing to the subcommissural organ. The stalk and lamina intercalaris, like the pineal proper, exhibited a yellow, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence which showed the histochemical and pharmacological properties of 5-HT. All these structures were richly supplied with catecholamine-fluorescent nerves which could be further followed rostrally from lamina intercalaris, mixing with the non-fluorescent commissural fibres and stria terminalis, into the medial habenular nucleus in which they extensively supplied both blood vessels and non-fluorescent nerve cells. Cytospectrofluorometric and chemical analysis suggested that the fluorescent nerves stored noradrenaline. This was supported by the finding that they disappeared after bilateral cervical sympathectomy (as did the fluorescent nerves in the pineal complex). In the medial habenular nucleus also catecholamine-containing and 5-HT-containing nerves of central origin were present. The occurrence of a rich, peripheral sympathetic innervation in the medial habenular nucleus of the brain offers possibilities for a previously not observed sympathetic influence on this nucleus. Also the arrangement, and the apparent continuity of the sympathetic innervation in the pineal gland, the lamina intercalaris, and the medial habenular nucleus, suggests some functional interconnection or coordination between these structures.