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Showing papers by "Lund University published in 1973"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The topography of the median eminence-pituitary catecholamine innervation has been studied with respect to the origin, course and termination of its different components.

505 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Jan Olof Stenflo1
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is developed to determine the physical parameters of the spatially unresolved photospheric network, where magnetic fluxes are recorded simultaneously in the two FeI lines 5250 and 5247 A, which belong to the same multiplet and have practically the same oscillator strength and excitation potential of the lower level but differ in the effective Lande factor.
Abstract: A method is developed to determine the physical parameters of the spatially unresolved photospheric network. The apparent magnetic fluxes are recorded simultaneously in the two FeI lines 5250 and 5247 A, which belong to the same multiplet and have practically the same oscillator strength and excitation potential of the lower level, but differ in the effective Lande factor. By analysing magnetograph recordings in this pair of lines together with simultaneous recordings in the two FeI lines 5250 and 5233 A, it is possible to separate the effects on the line profiles due to Zeeman splitting and temperature enhancement in the network.

463 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that all medicaments were markedly toxic compared to their antimicrobial effect and a recommendation for an adequate irrigation solution and a medicament for dressing is made.

403 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Lars Hörmander1

294 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prominent hypothalamic and thalamic dopamine and noradrenaline cell groups described in the present paper have hitherto been largely neglected and a more detailed neuro-anatomical knowledge of these neuronal systems should provide a basis for studies on their roles in diencephalic functions.

290 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Göran Norlén1
TL;DR: In this paper, a Fabry-Perot interferometer was used to measure the wavelengths of 233 lines in the Ar I spectrum and 354 lines in Ar II spectrum, excited in a water-cooled hollow cathode at a pressure of 0.2 torr, and the uncertainty of the relative values varying from a few tenthousandths to a few thousandths of a cm-1.
Abstract: Wavelengths of 233 lines in the Ar I spectrum and 354 lines in the Ar II spectrum, excited in a water-cooled hollow cathode at a pressure of 0.2 torr, have been measured by means of a Fabry-Perot interferometer in the vacuum. Fourteen different etalon spacers between 5 and 70 mm in length, two pairs of interferometer plates and three different coatings have been used during the investigation. Reference lines have been obtained from a calibrated electrodeless lamp containing Kr86 at a pressure of 0.2 torr. By means of the measured wavelengths the values of 80 energy levels in Ar I and 153 levels in Ar II have been derived, the uncertainty of the relative values varying from a few tenthousandths to a few thousandths of a cm-1. For both spectra these level values have then been used to obtain calculated wavelengths, extending down to 1 557 A in the case of Ar II. The levels of 3d and 5s of ArI, most of which are inaccessible in the photographic region, have been redetermined relative to the new values of the 4p-levels by using the interferometric measurements in the photo-electric infrared published by Humphreys and Paul, Littlefield and Rowley, and Peck et al.

289 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of conjugated bile salts on the activity of pancreatic lipase depends on their concentration in relation to their critical micellar concentration, and it appears justified to classify co-lipase as a co-enzyme for lipase.
Abstract: The effect of conjugated bile salts on the activity of pancreatic lipase depends on their concentration in relation to their critical micellar concentration. Below the critical micellar concentration, conjugated bile salts slightly stimulate the initial rate of hydrolysis of tributyrine, an effect that may be caused by a protection of the enzyme from inactivation at the substrate-water interface. Above the critical micellar concentration, conjugated bile salts almost completely inhibit lipase. The inhibition is more marked in alkaline reactions resulting in a pH optimum shift with increasing bile salt concentration. Bile salt inhibition of lipase is related both to the concentration of bile salt and to the substrate concentration or rather to substrate surface area, and most probably is complete when the interface is saturated with detergent. Co-lipase, in the absence of bile salts, stimulates the activity of lipase, 1.3 to 1.4-fold in the whole pH range of its activity. Co-lipase overcomes the inhibition of lipase caused by bile salts with a shift in the pH optimum to 6–7 compared to 8–9 for lipase alone. The different conjugated bile salts have similar effects, consideration being taken to differences in their critical micellar concentration; free bile salts have a less inhibitory effect on lipase and the stimulation by co-lipase shows no pH optimum shift. Detergents of the acyltaurine type such as decanoyltaurine and dodecanoylsarcosyltaurine inhibit lipase in a similar manner to the conjugated bile salts and this inhibition is also released by co-lipase. Detergents such as dodecylsulphate above the micellar concentration, irreversibly inhibit lipase. The simultaneous presence of bile salts protects the enzyme from being irreversibly inactivated. Lipase and co-lipase interact in a stoichiometrical relationship and it appears justified to classify co-lipase as a co-enzyme for lipase.

237 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Göran Fagerlund1
01 May 1973
TL;DR: The theoretical background of the adsorption isotherm equation of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller is reviewed in this paper, together with experimental techniques available for measuring the physical adorption of gases by solids, and examples are given to show how such measurements are used to determine the specific surface of constructional materials.
Abstract: The theoretical background of the adsorption isotherm equation of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller is reviewed, together with the experimental techniques available for measuring physical adsorption of gases by solids. Examples are given to show how such measurements are used to determine the specific surface of constructional materials.

217 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, maps showing the regional differences in the atmospheric deposition of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe have been prepared for Finland, Norway and Sweden from data obtained by means of moss analysis, a method previously shown to be a sensitive and reliable tool in measuring heavy metal deposition.
Abstract: Maps showing the regional differences in the atmospheric deposition of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe have been prepared for Finland, Norway and Sweden from data obtained by means of moss analysis, a method previously shown to be a sensitive and reliable tool in measuring heavy metal deposition. In all elements the minima were recorded in northern Norway, the maxima in south-central or south-western Sweden and southernmost Norway. The greatest regional differences were measured in Pb and Cd.

206 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of 247 patients with biopsyproven fibrosis or cirrhosis, 88 patients had no recorded abnormalities in history, physical examination, or laboratory test results which casts serious doubt on the reliability of detecting fibrosis without a liver biopsy.
Abstract: An international cooperative study was organized to evaluate whether the treatment of severe psoriasis with methotrexate significantly affects the liver of these patients. From a study population of 550 patients, 742 liver biopsy specimens together with pertinent clinical and laboratory data were evaluated as a function of methotrexate usage. Factors found to be significantly associated with histologic liver damage include: increased alcohol intake, the daily orally administered methotrexate dosage schedule, obesity, and diabetes. The evidence implicating increasing cumulative methotrexate dosage as a cause of hepatic fibrosis is not clear. Of 247 patients with biopsyproven fibrosis or cirrhosis, 88 patients had no recorded abnormalities in history, physical examination, or laboratory test results which casts serious doubt on the reliability of detecting fibrosis or cirrhosis without a liver biopsy.

205 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The coagglutination method described proved to be accurate, rapid, and simple and compared with grouping by using Lancefield extracts in counter-immunoelectrophoresis and were shown to agree completely.
Abstract: A coagglutinating reagent has recently been developed and utilized in capsule typing of pneumococci. The reagent consists of stabilized staphylococci coated with specific antibody via the gamma globulin Fc-protein A reaction thereby orienting the antibody molecules with the antigen-reactive Fab parts outwards. Reagent staphylococci coated with antibodies directed against streptococcal group-specific antigens have been used in the present investigations. Overnight cultures of streptococci were treated with trypsin and then directly tested for coagglutination of selected reagent staphylococci on glass slides. In all, 179 strains of streptococci were analyzed by the method described. The results were compared with grouping by using Lancefield extracts in counter-immunoelectrophoresis and were shown to agree completely. The coagglutination method described proved to be accurate, rapid, and simple.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for evaluating the biologic properties of anterior tooth filling materials before recommending them for common use is proposed, which consists of a screening test which allows objective recording of the cytotoxicity of the material and its components separately and a usage test.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An immobilized three-enzyme system, malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.3.7), was investigated as a model for the rate of oxalacetate production and utilization in mitochondria and the possible organization of enzymes of the Krebs cycle is interpreted.
Abstract: An immobilized three-enzyme system, malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37)-citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7)-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), was investigated as a model for the rate of oxalacetate production and utilization in mitochondria. Lactate dehydrogenase is included to mimic the NADH-utilizing system of mitochondria. This three-enzyme system was immobilized in three different ways (1) on Sephadex G-50 (surface coupling), (2) on Sepharose 4B (internal-external coupling), and (3) entrapped in polycrylamide gel. The rate of citrate production from malate, NAD+, and acetyl CoA was determined continuously in a flow system. Up to about 100% rate enhancements were observed when the immobilized system was compared to identical systems of free enzyme. An even more pronounced increase of rate of up to about 400% compared to the soluble system was measured after addition of pyruvate (to reoxidize formed NADH). These results are interpreted in relation to microenvironmental changes of oxalacetate production and the possible organization of enzymes of the Krebs cycle.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In two widely separated hospitals a double-blind study of 171 hip operations was done, one group of patients receiving prophylactic cloxacillin, the other receiving a placebo, and ten of the twelve infections were staphylococcal.
Abstract: In two widely separated hospitals a double-blind study of 171 hip operations was done, one group of patients receiving prophylactic cloxacillin, the other receiving a placebo. The first group had no postoperative infections, while the second had twelve (in eighty-eight patients). All of the patients had major surgery to the hip, and ten of the twelve infections were staphylococcal.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a potassium electrode utilizing a solution of valinomycin in diphenylether and a porous membrane is compared with selectrodes in which the diphenylther has been replaced by a suitable plasticizer and the porous membrane support by a polymer net-work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Glyoxylic acid treatment seems both to be more sensitive for the well-known biogenic catecholamines and indolamines, and to allow the detection of other biogenic amines—such as melatonin—which are not demonstrable with available techniques.
Abstract: A new methodological approach to the fluorescence microscopical visualization of biogenic monoamines, based on condensation with gaseous glyoxylic acid, is presented. Glyoxylic acid treatment seems both to be more sensitive for the well-known biogenic catecholamines and indolamines, and to allow the detection of other biogenic amines—such as melatonin—which are not demonstrable with available techniques.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lesions produced by intraventricularly or intracerebrally administered dihydroxytryptamines were found to be much superior to mechanical or electrolytic lesions in producing extensive accumulations of fluorescence in the indolamine axon pathways.
Abstract: The usefulness of three neurotoxic dihydroxytryptamines — 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and 4,5-dihydroxytryptamine — for fluorescence microscopical tracing and localized lesioning of central indolamine-containing axon bundles has been studied in the rat brain. The lesions produced by intraventricularly or intracerebrally administered dihydroxytryptamines were found to be much superior to mechanical or electrolytic lesions in producing extensive accumulations of fluorescence in the indolamine axon pathways. This greatly improves the possibilities for tracing of the normally non-fluorescent or weakly fluorescent indolamine axons from their cells of origin for long distances through the main fibre bundles and their branches. Much new information concerning the anatomy of the indolamine neuron systems is obtained with this technique, and some preliminary observations are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
Göran Fagerlund1
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of interfacial curvature on the freezing point of liquids confined in capillaries is exploited to determine a pore-size distribution, from the curve of freezing-point against volume frozen.
Abstract: By utilising the effect of interfacial curvature on the freezing-point of liquids confined in capillaries, it is in principle possible to determine a pore-size distribution, from the curve of freezing-point against volume frozen. The method is formally similar to capillary condensation methods based on the Kelvin equation. Suitable experimental techniques are described. A comparison with the results of mercury porosimetry on a sample of brick shows reasonable agreement.

Journal ArticleDOI
Bengt Hansson1
TL;DR: In this paper, the independence condition for decision functions has been studied in a refined version, where the use of the Pareto condition is almost avoided and several weaker independence conditions are presented.
Abstract: Arrow's theorem is really a theorem about the independence condition. In order to show the very crucial role that this condition plays, the theorem is proved in a refined version, where the use of the Pareto condition is almost avoided. A distinction is made between group preference functions and group decision functions, yielding respectively preference relations and optimal subsets as values. Arrow's theorem is about the first kind, but some ambiguities and mistakes in his book are explained if we assume that he was really thinking of decision functions. The trouble then is that it is not clear how to formulate the independence condition for decision functions. Therefore the next step is to analyse Arrow's argument for accepting the independence condition. The most frequent ambiguity depends on an interpretation of A as the set of all conceivable alternatives, while the variable subset B is the set of all feasible or available alternatives. He then argues that preferences between alternatives that are not feasible shall not influence the choice from the set of available alternatives. But even if this principle is accepted, it only forces us to require independence with respect to some specific set B and not to every B simultaneously. Therefore the independence condition cannot be accepted on these grounds. Another argument is about an election where one of the candidates dies. On one interpretation this argument can be taken to support an independence requirement which leads to a contradiction. On another interpretation it is a condition about connexions between choices from different sets. The so-called problem of binary choice is found to be different from the independence problem and it plays no essential role in Arrow's impossibility result. Other impossibility results by Sen, Batra and Pattanaik and by Schwartz are of a different character. In the last section, several weaker independence conditions are presented. Their relations to Arrow's condition are stated and the arguments supporting them are discussed.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dicoumarol-induced prothrombin had only one high affinity binding site and no ligand-induced conformational change was detected in this prothromabin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The immobilized NAD+ analogue proved to be and effective ligand in affinity chromatography and exhibited cofactor activity when tested in a recycling three-enzyme system (malate dehydrogenease-citrate synthase-lactate dehydrogenase).
Abstract: Alkylation of NAD+ with iodoacetic acid followed by alkaline rearrangement gave N6-carboxymethyl-NAD+. Condensation of this analogue with 1,6-diaminohexane gave the analogue NAD+- N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl)-acetamide]. The coenzymic activity of the two derivatives was tested with malate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The efficiency relative to unsubstituted NAD+ was in the range of 50–100%. NAD+-N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl)-acetamide] was attached to Sepharose 4B by the cyanogen bromide method. The immobilized NAD+ analogue thus obtained, exhibited cofactor activity when tested in a recycling three-enzyme system (malate dehydrogenease-citrate synthase-lactate dehydrogenase). The immobilized NAD+ analogue proved to be and effective ligand in affinity chromatography. Thus a mixture of albumin, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was resolved with good recovery. The enzymes were eluted with NAD+ and NADH, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
Peter M. Sheehan1
01 Apr 1973-Lethaia
TL;DR: Sheehan et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the relation of Late Ordovician glaciation to the changeover of brachiopod faunas in North American oceans and found that the glacial lowering of sea level is the most likely cause of the faunal changeover.
Abstract: Sheehan, P. M.: The relation of Late Ordovician glaciation to the Ordovician-Silurian changeover in North American brachiopod faunas. The Ordovician-Silurian changeover of brachiopod faunas in North American epicontinental seas involved the abrupt extinction of endemic Late Ordovician stocks and subsequent repopulation of North American seas by Old World taxa. The Late Ordovician Gondwanaland glaciation may have lowered sea levels sufficiently to place severe stress on the widespread shallow marine faunas in North America, resulting in their eventual extinction. The Late Ordovician depositional history in North America is not well enough known to establish the presence of a latest Ordovician regression, but the earliest Silurian was an interval of off-lap in North America. Therefore, the glacial lowering of sea level is considered to be the most likely cause of the faunal changeover.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that, in the bulbo-spinal systems, 5,6-DHT has a direct neurotoxic action primarily on the superficially located non-terminal parts of the indolamine-containing axons, and that terminal degeneration largely occurs as an anterograde degeneration of the lesioned axons.

Journal ArticleDOI
Hans Link1
TL;DR: The simultaneous finding in CSF and serum of extra gamma bands must be judged with caution when a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is suspected and a standardization of CSF electrophoresis with regard to the absolute amount of immunoglobulin G applied per mm of the application trough is recommended.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure of the trisaccharide could be established as α-d-mannopyranoside-(1→3)-β-d.mannose moieties and 1 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d-glucose residue, which is most probably a degradation product derived from the inner core of glycoprotein chains.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Highly purified lipoprotein lipase from bovine milk has been incubated with emulsified 1,3-dioleoyl-2-[1-14C]oleoyl-[3H]glycerol, and the reaction products have been separated by thin layer chromatography on silicic acid impregnated with boric acid.