Showing papers by "Lund University published in 1975"
491 citations
TL;DR: Fluorescence microscopy has revealed a new type of amine-containing retinal neuron, the interplexiform cell, that extends processes in both plexiform layers, and provides an intraretinal centrifugal pathway from inner to outer pLexiform layers.
Abstract: Fluorescence microscopy has revealed a new type of amine-containing retinal neuron, the interplexiform cell, that extends processes in both plexiform layers. After intravitreal injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine in goldfish and Cebus monkey, the processes of these cells can be identified by electron microscopy. In goldfish, the processes are pre- and postsynaptic to amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer and presynaptic to bipolar and horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer. Interplexiform cells thus provide an intraretinal centrifugal pathway from inner to outer plexiform layers.
304 citations
TL;DR: Pretreatment of the animals with desipramine efficiently counteracts the long-term effects of 5,7DHT on NA neurons while the neurotoxic effects on the serotonin neurons are unimpaired.
Abstract: IN A SERIES of morphological and biochemical investigations (BAUMGARTEN & LACHENMAYER, 1972; BAUMGARTEN et al., 1973a; BJORKLUND et al., 1973a; BAUMGARTEN et al., 1973b; JACOBY et al., 1974) 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) has been shown to induce extensive axonal degeneration of central serotonin neurons after intraventricular or intracerebral injections in the rat. A major drawback of 5,7-DHT as a tool for chemical lesioning of serotonin meurons is, however, its poor discrimination between 5-HT and NA neurons, and thus both 5-HT and NA axons in the CNS are lesioned by the drug (BAUMGARTEN et al., 1973a; BJORKLUND et al., 1973a; JACOBY et al., 1974). In fact, in lower doses (less than 75 p g intraventriculary) the depletion of brain NA is asgreat as that of serotonin (BAUMGARTEN et al., 1973a). As the action of the neurotoxic indolamines is due to its intraneuronal accumulation by the membrane uptake mechanisms of the monoamine neurons (for discussion, see BJORKLUND eta!., 1974) one possibility to improve the selectivity of 5,7-DHT for serotonin neurons would be to block the uptake of the drug into NA neurons without affecting the uptake into the serotonin neurons. Desipramine has been reported to be more efficient in blocking the membrane pump of NA than of serotonin neurons (FUXE & UNGERSTEDT, 1968; CARLSSON et al., 1969). In the present study we report that pretreatment of the animals with desipramine efficiently counteracts the long-term effects of 5,7DHT on NA neurons while the neurotoxic effects on the serotonin neurons are unimpaired.
297 citations
TL;DR: From a series of lesions and in vitro uptake studies, evidence has been obtained that the incerto-hypothalamic fibres are the projections of short, intradiencephalic dopaminergic neurones whose cell bodies are located in the A11, A13 and A14 cell groups.
291 citations
TL;DR: The effect of hypothermia upon cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was studied in artificially ventilated rats, anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, and CMRO2, found to decrease linearily with temperature in the temperature range 37°C‐22°C.
Abstract: —
The effect of hypothermia upon cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was studied in artificially ventilated rats, anaesthetized with nitrous oxide. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a modification of the Kety and Schmidt technique using 133xenon. CMRO2, was found to decrease linearily with temperature in the temperature range 37°C-22°C. At normal temperatures CMRO2, fell by about 5 per cent per degree C. At a body temperature of 22°C both cerebral blood flow and CMRO2, were reduced to about 25 per cent of normal.
263 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a unified theory was developed to describe fracture at both small-scale and large-scale yielding as well as stable crack growth which is accompanied by plastic collapse rather than being superseded by catastrophic fracture.
Abstract: B efore catastrophic fracture occurs, certain changes in the distribution of the plastic strain near the crack-tip seem to take place. These changes make crack growth possible but contribute to a gradually increasing screening of the energy flow through the plastic region towards the crack-tip. Stable crack growth results. This phenomenon appears to be a feature common to almost all fractures. Therefore, a unified theory may be developed to describe fracture at both small-scale and large-scale yielding as well as stable crack growth which is accompanied by plastic collapse rather than being superseded by catastrophic fracture. In the present paper, an attempt is made to show how such a unified theory would work.
247 citations
TL;DR: Substance P immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in the mouse gut in two distinctly different locations; in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon as well as in endocrine-like cells of the duodenal and colonic mucosa.
Abstract: Substance P immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in the mouse gut in two distinctly different locations; in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon as well as in endocrine-like cells of the duodenal and colonic mucosa.
210 citations
TL;DR: Clinical examination of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory musculature showed that clicking of the TMJ was the most common symptom followed by tenderness of the masticatoriesmusculature to palpation and tendernessof the temporo-masticatory joint.
Abstract: An examination of the temporomandibular joints, masticatory musculature and related structures was made on 1069 persons working in a ship-building yard in the south of Sweden. One-fifth of the persons reported that they had frequent headache and one-fourth of the persons reported TMJ-sounds. Clinical examination of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory musculature showed that clicking of the TMJ was the most common symptom (65%) followed by tenderness of the masticatory musculature to palpation (37%) and tenderness of the temporomandibular joint (10%). Thirty per cent of the persons examined reported two or more of these symptoms. Severe abrasion was noted in 12%. The results of the investigation suggested that the frequency of diseases related to function of the masticatory system is high. It was estimated that some 25-30% of the persons examined were in need of treatment.
209 citations
TL;DR: A prospective epidemiological study of Crohn's disease in Malmö, Sweden, was carried out during the years 1958 to 1973, and the maximum annual incidence rate, 8.3 per 10(5) inhabitants in 1971, is the highest hitherto on record.
193 citations
TL;DR: Five patients with Crohn's disease for 4 months to 12 years were treated with metronidazole, and four of them improved after 2-4 weeks' treatment, while in three of them corticosteroids and sulphasalazine could be withdrawn.
193 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that ingestion of small amounts of nickel may be of greater importance in maintaining the hand eczema than external contacts with the metal.
Abstract: A provocation study was performed in twelve female patients with contact allergy to nickel and hand eczema of the pompholyx type. Intense handling of nickle-contaminated metal objects did not induce any visible eczematous activity. Oral administration of nickle in a double-blind test provoked an aggravation of the hand eczema in nine of the twelve patients, and in seven of the patients this was accompanied by secondary eruptions including outbreaks of earlier, healed eczema. The nickle dose given is probably in the upper limit of the presently known daily intake of the metal, but should be considered to be within the physiologic range. It is concluded that ingestion of small amounts of nickel may be of greater importance in maintaining the hand eczema than external contacts with the metal.
TL;DR: The main part of this paper will cover stochastic adaptive controllers and the problem of dual control is given particular attention.
Abstract: There is a vast literature about adaptive (self-organizing, self-optimizing) control systems. The aim of this paper is to point out some of the main ideas. Since there exists good survey papers about several of the classes of adaptive controllers the main part of this paper will concentrate on recent developments. The paper will cover stochastic adaptive controllers. The problem of dual control is given particular attention.
TL;DR: Numerous epithelial cells in the oxyntic gland area of the stomach of cat and dog appear to store pancreatic-type glucagon, as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and—in the case of the dog—also by radioimmunoanalysis.
Abstract: Numerous epithelial cells in the oxyntic gland area of the stomach of cat and dog appear to store pancreatic-type glucagon, as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and—in the case of the dog—also by radioimmunoanalysis. No glucagon immunoreactive cells are found in the antropyloric mucosa. Disseminated cells in the intestinal mucosa store gut-type glucagon. In all species studied, these cells predominate in ileum and colon.
TL;DR: In this article, the stable marriage problem is extended to the case in which individual preferences are represented by weak orderings instead of linear orderings, which leads to a more natural solution for such problems as the processing of college admissions and the optimal distribution of personnel.
Abstract: The stable marriage problem, i.e., the problem of assigning the members of two disjoint sets to one another is extended to the case in which individual preferences are represented by weak orderings instead of linear orderings. This leads to a more natural solution for such problems as the processing of college admissions and the optimal distribution of personnel. The paper begins with a formal definition of an assignments function and introduces conditions on it, among them stability. It is shown how the Gale and Shapley algorithm for finding stable assignments can be extended to the more general case considered here. It is shown that if there is an assignment which is preferred by a majority to all other assignments, then this assignment is necessarily stable. Moreover, in a situation where all preference orders are linear orders, all stable assignments are majority assignments.
TL;DR: HPP cells were abundant in certain parts of the pancreas of foetuses (18–20 weeks gestational age), and their staining properties showed them to be distinct from the A, B and D cells of the pancreatic islets.
Abstract: HPP is the human counterpart of APP--a polypeptide that has been isolated from avian pancreas and shown to exert pronounced biological effects. The availability of anti-HPP serum enabled us to use immunohistochemical procedures for the localization of HPP in human pancreas. A small population of pancreatic islet cells showed strong immunofluorescence after staining with anti-HPP serum. The HPP cells were mainly localized at the periphery of the islets. Sometimes they were also seen scattered in the exocrine parenchyma as well as within the epithelium of small to medium-sized ducts. While rare in the pancreas of adult man, HPP cells were abundant in certain parts of the pancreas of foetuses (18-20 weeks gestational age). Their staining properties showed them to be distinct from the A, Band D cells of the pancreatic islets.
TL;DR: In this paper, the flow properties of dispersions of soy protein isolate (Promine-D), casemate (Sodinol), and WPC were studied as a function of protein concentration, pH and salt concentration.
Abstract: The flow properties of dispersions of soy protein isolate (Promine-D), casemate (Sodinol) and WPC were studied as a function of protein concentration, pH and salt concentration. Additional tests were also made on some other differently processed soy protein isolates and caseinates. The results showed that flow properties of protein dispersions could differ greatly due to differences in origin and processing conditions. The flow properties of Promine-D dispersions were characterized by low n-values according to the power equation, and the existence of yield values at concentrations above 8 % and pH 7. The addition of salt to soy protein dispersions reduced both yield values and the viscosity parameters. The flow properties of casemate dispersions were characterized by high n-values and the absence of yield values with respect to changes in protein concentration, pH and salt concentration. The viscosity parameters increased enormously with concentration. Contrary to the effect on soy protein dispersions, the addition of salt caused an increase in the viscosity parameters of caseinate dispersions. The dispersions of whey protein were of low viscosity over a broad concentration range with high n-values and no yield values. At high concentration (16-20 %) the flow properties of WPC were more similar to those of Promine-D than to those of caseinate. The viscosity parameters for all protein dispersions increased with pH to pH 10, whereupon the viscosity parameters of caseinate decreased markedly.
TL;DR: A low molecular weight α 1 -glycoprotein (α 1 -microglobulin) was purified from urine of patients with tubular proteinuria and was found to occur in low concentrations in normal human plasma.
TL;DR: This work describes pre-, per-, and post-operative findings in 400 patients witharpal tunnel syndrome and suggests venous stasis is a good diagnostic method in establishing the syndrome.
Abstract: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common cause of pain, often combined with hypaesthesia in the median distribution of the hand and atrophy of the thenar. We describe pre-, per-, and post-operative findings in 400 patients. Venous stasis is a good diagnostic method in establishing the syndrome. Operative treatment generally gives freedom from pain and normalization of sensibility.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of identifiability of processes using measurements obtained under closed loop operation is treated, where the feedback is time invariant, linear and noise free, and no external input signal is injected.
Abstract: The problem of identifiability of processes using measurements obtained under closed loop operation is treated. Single input-single output systems are considered. It is assumed that the feedback is time invariant, linear and noise free. It is also assumed that no external input signal is injected. Conditions, which are simultaneously necessary and sufficient for identifiability are derived. The results are illustrated by a few numerical examples.
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that formation of blocks of L-iduronic acid-containing repeat periods is associated with 4-sulfation of adjacent hexosamine moieties.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the urinary bladder of the rat is supplied by postganglionic adrenergic fibres mainly via the pelvic nerves and only to a lesser extent via the hypogastric nerves.
Abstract: The autonimic innervation of the rat urinary bladder was studied using histochemical methods and nerve stimulations. A sparse adrenergic innervation of the detrusor muscle was found. It was supposed to originate from long adrenergic neurones. The trigonum area had a rich ssupply of adrenergic fibres, probably derived from short adrenergic neurones. A uniformly rich supply of acetylcholine-esterase (AChE)-positive nerves was found in the WHOLE BLADDER. Postganglionic sympathetic denervation caused no detectable change of adrenergic or AChE-positive nerves in the bladder, while parasympathetic decentralization or denervation produced a total disappearance of adrenergic fibres. The AChE-positive nerves were appreciably reduced in number after parasympathetic decentralization and not detectable after postganglionic denervation. Neither adrenergic nor AChE-positive ganglion cells could be demonstrated in the bladder wall. Electrical stimulation of the hypogastric nerves or the pelvic nerves distal to the pelvic ganglia elictied contraction of the detrusor muscle. The responses were not affected by hexamethonium, dihydroergotamine or proparanolol but were slightly reduced by guanethidine, reduced to about 40% by atropine and potentiated by eserine. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve proximal to the pelvic ganglion was partially blocked by hexamethonium. It si concluded that the urinary bladder of the rat is supplied by postganglionic adrenergic fibres mainly via the pelvic nerves and only to a lesser extent via the hypogastric nerves. Probably cholinergic fibres pass to the bladder mainly via the pelvic nerves but also via the hypogastric nerves, having their cellbodies outside the bladder wall, partly proximal to the pelvic ganglia.
TL;DR: An insufficient sialylation of antitrypsin in the liver appears to be one of the basic defects in alpha1-antitrypsine deficiency, and periodic acid-Schiffpositive inclusion bodies from cirrhotic livers of patients with homozygousalpha1-antsin deficiency are characterized.
Abstract: To characterize the periodic acid-Schiffpositive inclusion bodies from cirrhotic livers of patients with homozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency we isolated and analyzed such material. The main component of the inclusion bodies was a protein with approximately the same molecular size as serum alpha1-antitrypsin. Immunologic similarity between the isolated protein and serum alpha1-antitrypsin was established by the isolate's ability to react with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies against serum alpha1-antitrypsin and to raise antibodies gainst it in rabbits, and with the double immunodiffusion technic. On agarose-gel electrophoresis hepatic antitrypsin migrated as an alpha2-globulin before and after neuraminidase treatment. Chemical analysis showed a complete absence of sialic acid. Hepatic antitrypsin had a pronounced tendency to form insoluble macroaggregates. An insufficient sialylation of antitrypsin in the liver appears to be one of the basic defects in alpha1-antitrypsin defic...
TL;DR: Analysis of C3 in samples from inflamed gingiva, using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, showed that C3 was converted in these samples, indicating that the complement system may be activated in gingival crevice material from inflamesgingiva.
Abstract: The presence and levels of complement factors C3, C4, C5, and C3 proactivator, were determined by electroimmuno assay in gingival crevice material from five individuals with healthy gingiva and from six patients with chronically inflamed gingiva. Higher concentrations of C3 and C4 were found in samples from chronically inflamed gingiva when compared to those from healthy gingiva. The amount of C3 in material from healthy as well as from inflamed gingiva was related to that in plasma, when the albumin in plasma and gingival crevice material was used as a reference. The same was found for C4 in samples from healthy gingiva but in those from inflamed gingiva, the values were significantly lower when related to plasma levels. C5 could not be found in material from healthy gingiva but was present in material from inflamed gingiva. C3 proactivator was present in material from inflamed gingiva in the converted form. No C3 proactivator was found in material from healthy gingiva with the methods used.
Analysis of C3 in samples from inflamed gingiva, using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, showed that C3 was converted in these samples.
The results indicate that the complement system may be activated in gingival crevice material from inflamed gingiva.
TL;DR: This paper summarized results of many experimental investigations of the thermodynamics of ionization of H2O(liq.) from 0-300°C and from 1.0 atm to nearly 8000 atm.
Abstract: We have summarized results of many experimental investigations of the thermodynamics of ionization of H2O(liq.) from 0–300°C and from 1.0 atm to nearly 8000 atm. Results of these investigations (equilibrium constants, enthalpies of ionization, heat capacities, partial molal volumes, and compressibilities) have been used for a number of thermodynamic calculations. It is particularly noteworthy that it is possible to use thermal data from 0–145°C with an equilibrium constant for 25°C in calculating reasonably accurate equilibrium constants for temperatures as high as 300°C. Similarly, it is possible to use volumetric data that refer to 1.0 atm in calculating useful equilibrium constants that apply for pressures as high as 2000 atm.
TL;DR: In this paper, the modifiedoscillator field with the inclusion of an ωJx term to describe the effects of nuclear rotation forms the basis for the calculation of microscopic energies.
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest an abnormal amino acid sequence in the peptide chain of the deficient antitrypsin and the interference with glycosylation may be related to steric hindrance.
Abstract: α1-antitrypsin was isolated from periodic acidSchiffpositive inclusion bodies from the hepatocytes of patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and further purified to enable more detailed chemical analysis. Amino acid and cyanogen bromide fragmentation studies showed a close similarity between hepatic and serum (PiMM) antitrypsin in contrast to the carbohydrate analysis, which revealed markedly deficient glycosylation of hepatic antitrypsin. A complete lack of sialic acid and a relative deficiency of all other carbohydrate components could fully explain the difference of approximately 6000 daltons in molecular size between the two proteins. The accumulation of hepatic globules is probably related to the physical properties of the defective antitrypsin, which include marked insolubility and tendency toward aggregation. The results strongly suggest an abnormal amino acid sequence in the peptide chain of the deficient antitrypsin. The interference with glycosylation may be related to steric hindrance...
TL;DR: No selectivity was observed in the transfer into plasma of different molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine, and no evidence was found for any significant methylation of phosphoryl-or CDP-ethanolamine to the corresponding choline derivative.
Abstract: 1 The kinetics of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in rat liver were followed 5-60 min after the intraportal injection of [14-C]choline and [3-H]-ethanolamine 2 At all time-intervals the specific radioactivity of CDP-choline was only about half that of phosphorylcholine This indicated that CDP-choline was formed at a similar rate from phosphorylcholine and phosphatidylcholines, the latter probably through the reverse reaction of cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2782) In view of recent data obtained from experiments in vitro this implies a significant role for the cholinephosphotransferase reaction in the turnover of molecular species of phosphatidylcholine 3 The specific radioactivity of CDP-ethanolamine was about twice that of phosphorylethanolamine at all time-intervals studied This supports a previous suggestion that the liver phosphorylethanolamine pool is subject to compartmentation and shows that there is no rapid equilibration between different pools In contrast with a recent study, no evidence was found for any significant methylation of phosphoryl-or CDP-ethanolamine to the corresponding choline derivative 4 Quantitative data on the biosynthesis of molecular species of phosphoLIPIDS via CDP derivatives were calculated according to simple kinetic models They were in the same range as those calculated from earlier data on precusors incorporated via diacylglycerols 5 The proportion of radioactive phosphatidylethanolamines appearing in the plasma was approximately ten times lower than that for phosphatidylcholines No selectivity was observed in the transfer into plasma of different molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine
TL;DR: It can be postulated that damage to or defects in the barriers could lead not only to functional disturbances but perhaps also to direct structural damage in the brain tissue.
Abstract: THE capillaries in the central nervous system (CNS) are unique with respect to their barrier mechanisms, preventing to a varying degree many types of substances from passing into the brain parenchyma from the blood. Such barriers exist also against the catecholamines and their immediate precursor, L-dopa1–3. As the blood–brain barriers serve to protect the central nervous elements against harmful substances in the circulation, it can be postulated that damage to or defects in the barriers could lead not only to functional disturbances but perhaps also to direct structural damage in the brain tissue.
TL;DR: 35Cl minus-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicate that various digests of human hemoglobin with carboxypeptidase A and B, or a combination of the two, may be used for the identification of chloride binding sites.
Abstract: 35Cl minus-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicate that various digests of human hemoglobin with carboxypeptidase A and B, or a combination of the two, may be used for the identification of chloride binding sites. All the digestion products contain, like hemoglobin itself, at least two classes of binding sites, one of high, the others of low affinity. The pH dependence of the excess linewidth of the 35Cl minus NMR signal indicates that in the simple digests with either carboxypeptidase A or B, chloride is bound with high affinity at or near His-beta146-Asp-beta94 and at or near Val-alpha1-Arg-alpha141. The high-affinity sites show, in the case of the simple digests, a strong oxygen linkage which is lost in the forms digested with both carboxypeptidase A and B; this linkage may thus be correlated to the presence of conformational changes. Organic phosphates, like inositol hexaphosphate, show competition for some of the high-affinity chloride binding sites in hemoglobin and in the simple digests. This competition is likewise lost in the doubly digested hemoglobins.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a decreased availability of NGF in a terminal area, due to an interference with endogenous NGF by NGF-antibodies, may temporarily result in an impaired function of the supplying adrenergic neurone, including a degeneration of nerve terminals.