Showing papers by "Lund University published in 1979"
TL;DR: It is reported that transplants of embryonic substantia nigra, implanted into the parietal cortex m adult rats, are able to establish a new dopamlnerglc input to the previously denervated neostrlatum, and that the newly-formed 'nigrostHatal' DA pathway may compensate for at least some aspects of the lesion-induced motor disturbances.
776 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a large number of physico-chemical methods applicable to the study of micelle formation are surveyed with special emphasis on recent spectroscopic approaches which give a detailed insight into structure, dynamics and interactions.
517 citations
517 citations
TL;DR: The characteristic telencephalic distribution of the neurones that contain VIP suggests a role for this peptide in cortical and limbic functions and some VIP-containing neurones probably also form long projections.
478 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous bite jumping with the Herbst appliance on the occlusion and craniofacial growth of boys with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion.
404 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a generalization of an existing model for the fading signal at a mobile radio antenna has been made, which lies in letting the scattering waves not necessarily be traveling horizontally, and the effects of this generalization are investigated concerning probability density function (pdf), correlational properties, and power spectra of the phase and envelope.
Abstract: A generalization of an existing model for the fading signal at a mobile radio antenna has been made. The generalization lies in letting the scattering waves not necessarily be traveling horizontally. The effects of this generalization are investigated concerning probability density function (pdf), correlational properties, and power spectra of the phase and envelope. The pdf is not affected, but the power spectrum of the envelope is significantly affected. This generalized spectrum is smoother than the original and always finite, which the latter is not. Thus it is assumed that the generalized model is more consistent with measured spectra, especially in urban environments.
336 citations
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the distribution and localization of putative neurotransmitters and their associated enzymes along with the data that indicate the origin of transmitter containing pathways to and from the cortex.
319 citations
TL;DR: To see whether the analgesia experienced by the chronic pain patients is mediated via links utilizing endorphins, the opiate antagonist naloxone was administered to these patients under double-blind conditions, saline being used as a placebo, and it was found that 6 out of 10 patients receiving acupuncture-like stimulation but none out of10 patients receiving high frequency stimulation of skin nerves, reported an inhibition of the stimulation-produced analgesia by nAloxone.
309 citations
276 citations
TL;DR: This study reports on an extension of the use of the immob~ization technique to include also, for the first time, plant cells, and it appears likely that the chemical potential of normally slow growing plant cells could be more efficiently exploited by immobilization.
263 citations
TL;DR: It appears that the peptide demonstrated in most parts of the brain is identical with CCK-8, however, in the neurosecretory cell bodies of the hypothalamus, the median eminence and the neurohypophysis, the immunoreactive material is probably identical with gastrin.
Abstract: The distribution of gastrin and CCK-like peptides in the rat brain was studied by immunocytochemistry using an antiserum reacting equally well with both groups of peptides. Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were detected in all cortical areas, in the hippocampus where they were particularly numerous, in the mesencephalic central gray and in the medulla oblongata. After colchicine treatment immunoreactive material appeared also in cell bodies of the magnocellular hypothalamic system. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were widely distributed in the brain. Particularly dense accumulations were seen in the hippocampus near the ventral surface of the brain, in the caudate nucleus, in the interpeduncular nucleus, the parabrachial nucleus, the dorsal part of the medulla oblongata and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In the hypothalamus immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in all nuclei, being most frequent in the ventromedial, dorsal and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. A rich supply of nerve fibers was seen in the outer zone of the median eminence and in the neurohypophysis. From previous immunochemical analysis it appears that the peptide demonstrated in most parts of the brain is identical with CCK-8. In the neurosecretory cell bodies of the hypothalamus, the median eminence and the neurohypophysis, however, the immunoreactive material is probably identical with gastrin.
TL;DR: A class of functions are given, where the choice of two parameters result in good upper bounds, lower bounds and approximations on Q(x), suitable for programmable pocket calculators.
Abstract: Simple analytical upper bounds, approximations and lower bounds on the error function Q(x) are presented and analyzed. A class of functions are given, where the choice of two parameters result in good upper bounds, lower bounds and approximations on Q(x) . The results are given in formulas, parameter tables and graphs. The approximations are suitable for programmable pocket calculators.
TL;DR: The results indicate a production of gamma-trace in the central nervous system and that the protein is primarily catabolized by the kidney.
Abstract: γ-Trace was purified in large amounts from urine and used for the production of a specific rabbit antiserum. An enzyme immunoassay for quantitation of γ-trace was developed using the pure protein as a primary standard. Its sensitivity was approximately 30 μg/l. An enzyme amplified single radial immunodiffusion was developed as well. Its sensitivity was approximately 0.3 mg/1. These assays allowed quantitation of γ-trace in normal human biological fluids. The following results were obtained (mean ± SD): cerebrospinal fluid: 5.8 ± 2.2 mg/1, plasma: 1.1 ± 0.42 mg/1, saliva: 1.8 ± 0.88 mg/1 and urine: 0.095 ± 0.057 mg/1. Plasma samples from patients with advanced renal failure revealed γ-trace values up to 13 times the normal mean plasma value. The results indicate a production of γ-trace in the central nervous system and that the protein is primarily catabolized by the kidney.
TL;DR: It is concluded that peripheral conditioning stimulation is a valuaable theraphy in cases of chronic pain and that both conventional and acupuncture‐like TNS should be tried before considering implantable devices or destructive surgery.
Abstract: In the present study 123 patients with chronic pain, consecutively referred for symptomatic pain treatment, were given peripheral conditioning stimulation as an analgesic measure and were followed for 2 years or till they terminated the treatment. The stimulation was either conventional transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) [35] of mainly cutaneous afferents with high frequency (10-100 Hz) or acupuncture-like TNS [11] where muscle nerves are activated at a low repetition rate (1-4 Hz) with small trains of stimuli. The follow-up showed that 55, 41 and 31% of the patients continued the treatment after 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. About 30% of the patients had to use acupuncture-like TNS to get useful analgesia, defined as a desire of the patient to continue stimulation treatment. Three-quarters of the successfully relieved patients reported more than 50% pain relief as measured from visual analogue scales and half of these reported an increased social activity and a decrease of analgesic drug intake by more than 50%. Psychogenic and visceral pains were less suitable for TNS treatment. It is concluded that peripheral conditioning stimulation is a valuable therapy in cases of chronic pain and that both conventional and acupuncture-like TNS should be tried before considering implantable devices or destructive surgery.
TL;DR: (1979).
Abstract: (1979). Lateral Elbow Pain and Posterior Interosseous Nerve Entrapment. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 50, No. sup174, pp. 1-67.
TL;DR: Changes in the microbial flora of pork packed in laminated plastic bags and stored at 4 °C were studied in an initial atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen or air, finding the distribution was markedly different between pork loins stored in air and nitrogen.
Abstract: Changes in the microbial flora of pork packed in laminated plastic bags and stored at 4 °C were studied in an initial atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen or air. The time needed for the total aerobic count at 28 °C to reach 5 × 106 organisms/cm2 was about 7 times longer in carbon dioxide than in air, whilst in nitrogen it was about twice as long.
The predominant organisms on fresh pork taken directly from the processing line were: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, non-fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and Flavobacterium spp. After storage in air for 7 d, more than 90% of the flora consisted of non-fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. After storage in nitrogen for 10 d, 70% of the flora consisted of non-fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. with lower levels of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., Kurthia zopfii, Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactobacillus plantarum. The non-fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. could be divided into three different groups, on proteolytic and lipolytic ability; the distribution of the groups was markedly different between pork loins stored in air and nitrogen.
On pork stored in carbon dioxide for 21 d the flora consisted of L. plantarum together with lower levels of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. When the storage time in carbon doxide was prolonged to 35 d, the proportion of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria increased to about 50% of the flora.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the adult rat brain is capable of carrying out all steps involved in correct functional reinnervation of a denervated region and the implant-hippocampal preparation should be a highly suitable model system for functional studies of a central noradrenergic connection.
TL;DR: The hypothesis is that the firmness of attachment to the traps despite the struggle of the nematode is due to a series of events, beginning with an interaction between complementary molecular configurations on the nem atode and fungal surfaces.
Abstract: Many nematode-trapping fungi capture nematodes using an adhesive present on specific capture organs (for review see ref. 1). Until recently, the mechanism of adhesion was completely unknown. In the case of Arthrobotrys oligospora, one of the most common nematophagous fungi, nematodes are trapped in three-dimensional structures of the adhesive network type (Fig. 1a). When a suspension of nematodes is added to an agar culture of the fungus, nematodes are immediately captured and firmly held by the traps. The nematode cuticle is lysed at the point of contact and penetrated by a hypha within one hour2. An increased secretion by the fungus of a mucilaginous substance in the presence of prey has been shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy2,3. Our hypothesis is that the firmness of attachment to the traps despite the struggle of the nematode is due to a series of events, beginning with an interaction between complementary molecular configurations on the nematode and fungal surfaces. We show evidence here for the presence of a lectin on the traps of A. oligospora which binds to a carbohydrate on the nematode surface.
TL;DR: In the species examined, the neuronal PP-like peptide could be demonstrated with an antiserum raised against avian PP, but not with those raised against bovine or human PP, indicating that neuronal PP is distinct from the PP that occurs in pancreatic endocrine cells.
Abstract: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a candidate hormone of unknown physiological significance. It is produced by a population of endocrine cells in the pancreas. In the present study a PP-like peptide was found to occur in the mammalian and avian central and peripheral nervous systems. Immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies were widely distributed in the brain. Dense accumulations of nerve fibres occurred in the following areas: nucleus accumbens, interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, para- and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and medial preoptic area. In addition, nerve fibres were regularly seen in cortical areas. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the following regions: cortex, nucleus accumbens, neostriatum and septum. In the gut, immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed in the myenteric plexus, in smooth muscle, around blood vessels, and in the core of the villi. Immunoreactive perikarya occurred in the submucosal and myenteric plexus, suggesting that PP immunoreactive nerves are intrinsic to the gut.
TL;DR: The different types of plasma protein response found in these two groups of patients fit the hypothesis that hepatocytes contain steroid receptors capable of reacting with estrogens and/or other steroids such as danazol and, thus, influence the biosynthetic rate of many but not all plasma proteins according to a specific pattern.
Abstract: Analysis of 25 plasma proteins was performed on blood drawn from 7 females before and during treatment with danazol. This steroid was found to induce a pattern of plasma protein changes similar to but not identical with that of other 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids. For comparison, the same 25 plasma proteins were analyzed in blood from pregnant women in their third trimester, when the estrogen influence on plasma protein synthesis is most pronounced. Five major types of response were found. 1) Albumin and orosomucoid were not influenced by danazol or, after correction for volume expansion, by pregnancy. 2) Prealbumin, Cl-esterase inhibitor, and haptoglo-bins increased substantially during danazol treatment but were not significantly influenced by pregnancy. 3) Transferrin, anti-thrombin III, prothrombin, and plasminogen showed marked increases after administration of danazol and during pregnancy. 4) Transcortin, ceruloplasmin, and ai-antitrypsin doubled in pregnancy but were not influenced by danazol. 5)...
TL;DR: The gastric emptying of meals of human milk and infant formula was studied in 11 healthy preterm infants at a postnatal age of 1–9 weeks corresponding to 33–38 weeks of gestational age using a marker dilution technique.
Abstract: The gastric emptying of meals of human milk and infant formula was studied in 11 healthy preterm (AGA) infants at a postnatal age of 1-9 weeks corresponding to 33-38 weeks of gestational age. A total of 30 studies were performing using a marker dilution technique. Gastric emptying of meals of human milk followed a biphasic emptying pattern with an initial fast phase. In about 25 min half of the meal had left the stomach. The emptying of meals of adapted infant formula usually followed a linear pattern and half the meal had left the stomach after 51 min. After one hour an average of 24.8 ml of human milk and 19.2 ml of infant formula had left the stomach.
TL;DR: In this article, the development of fungal biomass and increase of amounts of N was studied in decomposing pine needle litter for about 3 years and the absolute amount of N in the needles increased between the 4th and the 16th months.
Abstract: The development of fungal biomass and increase of amounts of N was studied in decomposing pine needle litter for about 3 yr. After a relatively rapid increase of the amount of mycelium the fungal biomass became rather constant after about 2 yr. The absolute amount of N in the needles increased between the 4th and the 16th months and this increase was correlated to the increase of fungal biomass in the needles.
TL;DR: Several sphincters are examined, recognised or anticipated, and the presence of VIP nerves in all of them is established, indicating additional types of autonomie nerves, distinct from the adrenergic and cholinergic ones.
Abstract: VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (VIP), isolated from extracts of porcine duodenum by Said and Mutt1, was at first thought to be a hormone2. Immunohistochemical studies have since revealed that VIP has a neuronal localisation. VIP-containing nerves occur throughout the body, being particularly frequent in the digestive tract3–7, the genitourinary tract8–10 and the upper respiratory tract11. The nerves storing VIP or other neuropeptides (substance P, somatostatin and enkephalin) apparently represent additional types of autonomie nerves, distinct from the adrenergic and cholinergic ones. A great proportion or the peptidergic nerves seems to originate in nerve cell bodies located close to or within the innervated organ5–9,11. The physiological significance of these new types of nerves is a matter of speculation, but a knowledge of their precise anatomical distribution will assist in defining their targets. We have previously observed that structures believed to exert a sphincter function receive a particularly rich supply of such nerves. We have now examined several sphincters, recognised or anticipated, and have established the presence of VIP nerves in all of them.
TL;DR: The authors' finding of nerves storing immunoreactive enkephalin or β-endorphin in the earthworm is reported, and this species is thought to lack endogenous opiate receptors.
Abstract: SINCE the report by Simantov et al.1 invertebrates have been thought to lack endogenous opiates and opiate receptors. As we have previously observed peptidergic neurones containing immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide or vasoactive intestinal peptide in the earthworm2, we decided to search for, and report here our finding of, nerves storing immunoreactive enkephalin or β-endorphin in this species.
01 Sep 1979-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: In this article, spectral transmission in the brains of teleosts (Anguilla anguilla, Ictalurus nebulosus), an amphibian (Rana temporaria), a reptile (Lacerta muralis), two species of birds (Passer domesticus, Columba livia), and a mammal (Phodopus sungorus) indicate that photons of longer wavelengths (700-750 nm) penetrate approximately 1,000 times more effectively into the hypothalamus than photons of shorter wavelengths (400-450 nm).
Abstract: Supravital recordings of spectral transmission in the brains of two species of teleosts (Anguilla anguilla, Ictalurus nebulosus), an amphibian (Rana temporaria), a reptile (Lacerta muralis), two species of birds (Passer domesticus, Columba livia), and a mammal (Phodopus sungorus) indicate that photons of longer wavelengths (700–750 nm) penetrate approximately 1,000 times more effectively into the hypothalamus than photons of shorter wavelengths (400–450 nm) The decrease in transmission from 750 to 400 nm is slightly interrupted by a plateau around 500 to 540 nm because of the transmission characteristics of hemoglobin There is a small, ill-defined transmission minimum around 430 nm corresponding to the transmission minimum of melanin and hemoglobin (soret band) The high light sensitivity of deep diencephalic photoreceptors involved in the control of photoneuroendocrine events characteristic of some non-mammalian vertebrates suggests the occurrence of photopigment-containing receptors and nerve cells summating the input of several photoreceptors However, in addition to photopigments, there may also exist other photosensitive compounds that mediate non-visual photoneuroendocrine responses
TL;DR: A comparison was made of 15 different techniques which are used in assessing soil microbial populations and/or biomasses and the results are discussed with respect to the convertability of counts and measurements into microbial biomasses.
Abstract: A comparison was made of 15 different techniques which are used in assessing soil microbial populations and/or biomasses. These include direct observations (fungal standing crop, fluorescein diacetate active mycelia, acridine orange stained bacteria), cultural methods (bacterial plate counts), physiological methods (total microbial, bacterial and fungal biomasses, O2-uptake), soil enzyme analyses (dehydrogenase, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, protease, amylase), and ATP-analyses. The various techniques were applied to six soils known to have different microbial characteristics. The results are discussed with respect to the convertability of counts and measurements into microbial biomasses, the variability of the techniques, the correlations within comparable groups of methods, and the practical limitations in application of individual methods to different soils. (Less)
TL;DR: Apart from mmlmrzmg mteractrons with non-target sites such a specific location would allow a high concentration of the drug to be used and would extend the time of exposure at the site, the preparation and apphcatron of such drug-carrying materials are reported on.