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Institution

Lund University

EducationLund, Sweden
About: Lund University is a education organization based out in Lund, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 42345 authors who have published 124676 publications receiving 5016438 citations. The organization is also known as: Lunds Universitet & University of Lund.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that late pairs are constrained from producing a clutch earlier in the season, presumably by the fitness costs this would entail, and evidence for the date hypothesis leads us to conclude that quality is important for the ability to breed early.
Abstract: Reproductive success usually declines in the course of the season, which may be a direct effect of breeding time, an effect of quality (individuals with high phenotypic or environmental quality breeding early), or a combination of the two. Being able to distinguish between these possibilities is crucial when trying to understand individual variation in annual routines, for instance when to breed, moult and migrate. We review experiments with free-living birds performed to distinguish between the ‘timing’ and ‘quality’ hypothesis. ‘Clean’ manipulation of breeding time seems impossible, and we therefore discuss strong and weak points of different manipulation techniques. We find that the qualitative results were independent of manipulation technique (inducing replacement clutches versus cross-fostering early and late clutches). Given that the two techniques differ strongly in demands made on the birds, this suggests that potential experimental biases are limited. Overall, the evidence indicated that date and quality are both important, depending on fitness component and species, although evidence for the date hypothesis was found more frequently. We expected both effects to be prevalent, since only if date per se is important, does an incentive exist for high-quality birds to breed early. We discuss mechanisms mediating the seasonal decline in reproductive success, and distinguish between effects of absolute date and relative date, for instance timing relative to seasonal environmental fluctuations or conspecifics. The latter is important at least in some cases, suggesting that the optimal breeding time may be frequency dependent, but this has been little studied. A recurring pattern among cross-fostering studies was that delay experiments provided evidence for the quality hypothesis, while advance experiments provided evidence for the date hypothesis. This indicates that late pairs are constrained from producing a clutch earlier in the season, presumably by the fitness costs this would entail. This provides us with a paradox: evidence for the date hypothesis leads us to conclude that quality is important for the ability to breed early.

510 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review assessing the environmental impact of dietary change is performed, which includes 14 peer-reviewed journal articles assessing the GHG emissions and land use demand of in total 49 dietary scenarios.

509 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jul 2014-Nature
TL;DR: GFI1 and GFI1B are identified as prominent medulloblastoma oncogenes and ‘enhancer hijacking’ is implicate as an efficient mechanism driving oncogene activation in a childhood cancer.
Abstract: Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour currently treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, posing a considerable burden of toxicity to the developing child. Genomics has illuminated the extensive intertumoral heterogeneity of medulloblastoma, identifying four distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 and group 4 subgroup medulloblastomas account for most paediatric cases; yet, oncogenic drivers for these subtypes remain largely unidentified. Here we describe a series of prevalent, highly disparate genomic structural variants, restricted to groups 3 and 4, resulting in specific and mutually exclusive activation of the growth factor independent 1 family proto-oncogenes, GFI1 and GFI1B. Somatic structural variants juxtapose GFI1 or GFI1B coding sequences proximal to active enhancer elements, including super-enhancers, instigating oncogenic activity. Our results, supported by evidence from mouse models, identify GFI1 and GFI1B as prominent medulloblastoma oncogenes and implicate 'enhancer hijacking' as an efficient mechanism driving oncogene activation in a childhood cancer.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two divergently transcribed operons in Escherichia coli required for the expression of fibronectin‐ and Congo red‐binding curli polymers were identified and characterized by transposon mutagenesis, sequencing and transcriptional analyses, as well as for their ability to produce the curli subunit protein.
Abstract: Two divergently transcribed operons in Escherichia coli required for the expression of fibronectin- and Congo red-binding curli polymers were identified and characterized by transposon mutagenesis, sequencing and transcriptional analyses, as well as for their ability to produce the curli subunit protein. The csgBA operon encodes CsgA, the major subunit protein of the fibre, and CsgB, a protein with sequence homology to CsgA. A non-polar csgB mutant is unaffected in its production of CsgA, but the subunit protein is not assembled into insoluble fibre polymers. A third open reading frame, orfC, positioned downstream of csgA may affect some functional property of curli since an insertion in this putative gene abolishes the autoagglutinating ability typical of curliated cells without affecting the production of the fibre. The promoter for the oppositely transcribed csgDEFG operon was identified by primer extension and shown, like the csgBA promoter, to be dependent upon the alternate stationary phase-specific sigma factor sigma s in wild-type cells, but not in mutants lacking the nucleoid associated protein H-NS. Insertions in csgD abolish completely trancription from the csgBA promoter. Therefore, any regulatory effect on the csgBA promoter might be secondary to events controlling the csgDEFG promoter and/or activation of CsgD. Insertions in csgE, csgF and csgG abolish curli formation but allow CsgA expression suggesting that one or more of these gene products are involved in secretion/assembly of the CsgA subunit protein. No amino acid sequence homologies were found between the CsgE, CsgF and CsgG proteins and secretion/assembly proteins for other known bacterial fibres, suggesting that the formation of curli follows a novel pathway.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the cellulose binding domain has a significant role in the unspecific binding of cellulases to lignin.

508 citations


Authors

Showing all 42777 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Fred H. Gage216967185732
Kari Stefansson206794174819
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Ruedi Aebersold182879141881
Jie Zhang1784857221720
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Martin G. Larson171620117708
Michael Snyder169840130225
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir167444121009
Anders Björklund16576984268
Carl W. Cotman165809105323
Dennis R. Burton16468390959
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Panos Deloukas162410154018
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023246
2022698
20216,295
20206,032
20195,584
20185,249