Lund University

About: Lund University is a education organization based out in Lund, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 42345 authors who have published 124676 publications receiving 5016438 citations. The organization is also known as: Lunds Universitet & University of Lund.

Effects of Calcium Hydroxide-containing Pulp-capping Agents on Pulp Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation

Abstract: The findings from the recent literature on pulpal cell responses to the application of calcium hydroxide to exposed pulps are described. The effect of calcium hydroxide on healthy and inflamed pulp is discussed. The effect of incorporation of calcium hydroxide in various pulp-capping agents is presented. The initial effect of calcium hydroxide applied to exposed pulp is the development of a superficial three-layer necrosis. The beneficial effect of calcium hydroxide is regarded as the result of the chemical injury caused by the hydroxyl ions, limited by a zone of firm necrosis against the vital tissue, and the toleration of calcium ions by the tissue. The firm necrosis causes slight irritation and stimulates the pulp to defense and repair. The observed sequence of tissue reactions is that which is expected when connective tissue is wounded. It starts with vascular and inflammatory cell migration and proliferation, to control and elimination of the irritating agent. This is followed by the repair process, including migration and proliferation of mesenchymal and endothelial pulp cells and formation of collagen. When the pulp is protected from irritation, odontoblasts differentiate, and the tissue formed assumes the appearance of dentin, i.e., the function of the pulp is normalized. The mineralization of the collagen starts with dystrophic calcification of both the zone of firm necrosis and the degenerated cells in the adjacent tissue, leading to deposition of mineral in the newly-formed collagen. The presence of calcium ions stimulates precipitation of calcium carbonate in the wound area and thereby contributes to the initiation of mineralization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Inter-vehicle communication systems: a survey

Abstract: Inter-vehicle communication (IVC) systems (i.e., systems not relying on roadside infrastructure) have the potential to radically improve the safety, efficiency, and comfort of everyday road travel. Their main advantage is that they bypass the need for expensive infrastructure; their major drawback is the comparatively complex networking protocols and the need for significant penetration before their applications can become effective. In this article we present several major classes of applications and the types of services they require from an underlying network. We then proceed to analyze existing networking protocols in a bottom-up fashion, from the physical to the transport layers, as well as security aspects related to IVC systems. We conclude the article by presenting several projects related to IVC as well as a review of common performance evaluation techniques for IVC systems.

Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), extent of meniscal resection, cartilage status, and knee load on the development of radiographically evident osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and knee symptoms after meniscal resection. Methods We evaluated 317 patients with no cruciate ligament injury (mean ± SD age 54 ± 11 years) who had undergone meniscal resection 15–22 years earlier (followup rate 70%), with radiographic and clinical examination. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was used to quantify knee-related symptoms. Sixty-eight unoperated subjects identified from national population records were included as a reference group. Results Symptomatic radiographic OA (corresponding to Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2) was present in 83 of 305 operated knees (27%) and 7 of 68 control knees (10%) (relative risk 2.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3–6.1). Patients who had undergone total meniscectomy and subjects with obesity (BMI ≥30) had a greater likelihood of tibiofemoral radiographic OA than those who had undergone partial meniscal resection and those with a BMI <25, respectively. Furthermore, degenerative meniscal tear, intraoperative cartilage changes, and lateral meniscectomy were associated with radiographic OA more frequently than were longitudinal tear, absence of cartilage changes, and medial meniscectomy, respectively. Symptomatic tibiofemoral or patellofemoral radiographic OA was associated with obesity, female sex, and degenerative meniscal tear. Conclusion Contributing risk factors for OA development after meniscal resection are similar to risk factors for common knee OA. Systemic factors and local biomechanical factors interact. Obesity, female sex, and preexisting early-stage OA are features associated with poor self-reported and radiographic outcome. Partial meniscal resection is associated with less radiographic OA over time than is total meniscectomy.