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Institution

Lund University

EducationLund, Sweden
About: Lund University is a education organization based out in Lund, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 42345 authors who have published 124676 publications receiving 5016438 citations. The organization is also known as: Lunds Universitet & University of Lund.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Peter J. Campbell1, Gad Getz2, Jan O. Korbel3, Joshua M. Stuart4  +1329 moreInstitutions (238)
06 Feb 2020-Nature
TL;DR: The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.
Abstract: Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1,2,3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18.

1,600 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Ian M. Møller1
01 Jun 2001
TL;DR: The alternative oxidase and possibly NDin(NADH) function to limit mitochondrial ROS production by keeping the ETC relatively oxidized, together with small antioxidants such as glutathione, that help remove ROS.
Abstract: The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2- and H2O2, is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. In plant cells the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is a major site of ROS production. In addition to complexes I-IV, the plant mitochondrial ETC contains a non-proton-pumping alternative oxidase as well as two rotenone-insensitive, non-proton-pumping NAD(P)H dehydrogenases on each side of the inner membrane: NDex on the outer surface and NDin on the inner surface. Because of their dependence on Ca2+, the two NDex may be active only when the plant cell is stressed. Complex I is the main enzyme oxidizing NADH under normal conditions and is also a major site of ROS production, together with complex III. The alternative oxidase and possibly NDin(NADH) function to limit mitochondrial ROS production by keeping the ETC relatively oxidized. Several enzymes are found in the matrix that, together with small antioxidants such as glutathione, help remove ROS. The antioxidants are kept in a reduced state by matrix NADPH produced by NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and non-proton-pumping transhydrogenase activities. When these defenses are overwhelmed, as occurs during both biotic and abiotic stress, the mitochondria are damaged by oxidative stress.

1,583 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews friction phenomena and friction models of interest for automatic control, with particular emphasis given to two recently developed dynamic friction models: the Bliman-Sorine model and the LuGre model.

1,575 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented and discussed new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age, kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a com- plete, magnitude-limited, and kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars.
Abstract: We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age, kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a com- plete, magnitude-limited, and kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our ∼63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500 stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sample and, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcos parallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities, complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-quality velocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures and metallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. The remaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Am ajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone ages for all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has been given to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and error estimates, as standard techniques tend to under- estimate these effects and introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agree well with those by Edvardsson et al. (1993), despite several astrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate, however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause the distribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of the true age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations of the Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presented here, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and the age-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of the Solar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor G dwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the "G dwarf problem"), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk, the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since its formation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, and the continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiency consistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giant molecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the V component of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity, corresponding to the effects of stochas- tic spiral waves rather than classical moving groups, and may complicate the identification of thick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of this rich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteria for the sample and the distribution of observational errors.

1,573 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Bin Zhou1, James Bentham1, Mariachiara Di Cesare2, Honor Bixby1  +787 moreInstitutions (231)
TL;DR: The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries, and the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase.

1,573 citations


Authors

Showing all 42777 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Fred H. Gage216967185732
Kari Stefansson206794174819
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Ruedi Aebersold182879141881
Jie Zhang1784857221720
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Martin G. Larson171620117708
Michael Snyder169840130225
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir167444121009
Anders Björklund16576984268
Carl W. Cotman165809105323
Dennis R. Burton16468390959
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Panos Deloukas162410154018
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023246
2022698
20216,295
20206,032
20195,584
20185,249