Institution
Macquarie University
Education•Sydney, New South Wales, Australia•
About: Macquarie University is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 14075 authors who have published 47673 publications receiving 1416184 citations. The organization is also known as: Macquarie uni.
Topics: Population, Laser, Galaxy, Anxiety, Mantle (geology)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is suggested that morphospecies may be used as surrogates for species in some environmental monitoring and conservation, in particular when decisions are guided by estimates of richness and the assessment of turnover.
Abstract: Environmental monitoring and conservation evaluation in terrestrial habitats may be enhanced by the use of invertebrate inventories, but taxonomic and logistic constraints frequently encountered during conventional taxonomic treatment have greatly restricted their use. To overcome this problem we suggest that nonspecialists may be used to classify invertebrates to morphospecies without compromising scientific accuracy. To test this proposition, large pitfall and litter samples of ants, beetles, and spiders from four forest types were sorted to morphospecies by a nonspecialist and to species by specialists. These data were used to generate morphospecies and species inventories and to estimate richness (α diversity) and turnover (β diversity), information frequently used in the above activities. Our results show that the estimates of richness of ants and spiders varied little between morphospecies and species inventories. Differences between estimates of beetle richness were largely influenced by errors of identification in two families, Curculionidae and Staphylinidae. But morphospecies and species inventories yielded identical ranking of forest type using richness. Turnover was assessed by sample ordination, which revealed similar clusters regardless of the type of inventory. Analysis of similarities of assemblages of ants and beetles showed significant differences between all forest types. Spider assemblages showed a lower level of discrimination. The assessment of turnover was consistent among inventories but different between the major taxa. Our findings suggest that morphospecies may be used as surrogates for species in some environmental monitoring and conservation, in particular when decisions are guided by estimates of richness and the assessment of turnover.
El monitoreo ambiental y la evaluacion para la conservacion en los habitats terrestres puede ser mejorado con el uso de inventarios de invertebrados. Sin embargo, las restricciones taxonomicas y logisticas que surgen frecuentemente durante los tratamientos taxonomicos convencionales, han restringido en gran medida su uso. Para poder superar este problema, nosotros sugerimos que podria utilizarse personal no especializado para clasificar invertebrados en morfoespecies sin comprometer la exactitud cientifica. Para probar esta propuesta, muestras de hormigas, escarabajos y aranas provenientes de cuatro tipos de bosques fueron ordenadas en morfoespecies por un noespecialista y en especies por un especialista. Estos datos fueron utilizados para generar inventarios de morfoespecies y especies y para estimar riqueza (diversidad alfa) y tasas de renovacion (diversidad beta), informacion que es utilizada frecuentemente en las actividades mencionadas anteriormente. Nuestros resultados muestran que las estimaciones de la riqueza de hormigas y aranas vario muy poco entre los inventarios de morfoespecies y de especies. Las diferencias entre las estimaciones de la riqueza de escarabajos fue en gran medida influenciada por errores en la identificacion de dos familias, Curculionidae y Staphylinidae. Sin embargo, los inventarios de morfoespecies y especies produjeron un ordenamiento identico de los tipos de bosques utilizando la riqueza como parametro. La tasa de intercambio (“turnover”) fue evaluada por medio de metodos de ordenacion de las muestras que revelaron grupos muy similares independientemente del tipo de inventario. Los analisis de similitud de los agrupamientos de hormigas y escarabajos mostraron diferencias significativas entre todos los tipos de bosques. Los agrupamientos de aranas mostraron un bajo nivel de discriminacion. La evaluacion de la tasa de recambio fue consistente entre los inventarios pero diferente entre los taxones mas importantes. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las morfoespecies podrian ser utilizadas como substitutos de las especies en ciertos casos de monitoreos ambientales y de conservacion, en particular, cuando las decisiones estan guiadas por las estimaciones de riqueza y la evaluacion de la tasa de intercambio.
650 citations
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TL;DR: A mantle value of ∼ 17.5 for Nb/Ta appears well established; less well established are crustal values of ∼ 11-12, although it appears that Nb-Ta for crustal-derived melts is less than mantle Nb /Ta, demonstrating fractionation of these two elements during crustal evolution, and suggesting that the variation may be indicative of a particular chemical process within the crust-mantle system as mentioned in this paper.
650 citations
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TL;DR: On the basis of the subsequent set of experiments, the conditions and limits of the existence of the auditory 'N1 effect' are now quite clear and this finding has been extended to somatosensory and visual modalities.
649 citations
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TL;DR: This article reviews the specific flavour-active characteristics of those non-Saccharomyces species that might play a positive role in both spontaneous and inoculated wine ferments and raises important questions about the direction of mixed-fermentation research to address market trends regarding so-called 'natural' wines.
Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and grape juice are ‘natural companions’ and make a happy wine marriage. However, this relationship can be enriched by allowing ‘wild’ non- Saccharomyces yeast to participate in a sequential manner in the early phases of grape must fermentation. However, such a triangular relationship is complex and can only be taken to ‘the next level’ if there are no spoilage yeast present and if the ‘wine yeast’ – S. cerevisiae – is able to exert its dominance in time to successfully complete the alcoholic fermentation. Winemakers apply various ‘matchmaking’ strategies (e.g. cellar hygiene, pH, SO2, temperature and nutrient management) to keep ‘spoilers’ (e.g. Dekkera bruxellensis ) at bay, and allow ‘compatible’ wild yeast (e.g. Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia kluyveri, Lachancea thermotolerans and Candida/Metschnikowia pulcherrima ) to harmonize with potent S. cerevisiae wine yeast and bring the best out in wine. Mismatching can lead to a ‘two is company, three is a crowd’ scenario. More than 40 of the 1500 known yeast species have been isolated from grape must. In this article, we review the specific flavour-active characteristics of those non- Saccharomyces species that might play a positive role in both spontaneous and inoculated wine ferments. We seek to present ‘single-species’ and ‘multi-species’ ferments in a new light and a new context, and we raise important questions about the direction of mixed-fermentation research to address market trends regarding so-called ‘natural’ wines. This review also highlights that, despite the fact that most frontier research and technological developments are often focussed primarily on S. cerevisiae , non- Saccharomyces research can benefit from the techniques and knowledge developed by research on the former.
649 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on reducing propagule loads on humans, and their food, cargo, and transport vessels, in order to reduce the risk of alien introductions to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic.
Abstract: Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident with human activity in the region. Introduction routes have varied, but are largely associated with movement of people and cargo in connection with industrial, national scientific program and tourist operations. The large majority of aliens are European in origin. They have both direct and indirect impacts on the functioning of species-poor Antarctic ecosystems, in particular including substantial loss of local biodiversity and changes to ecosystem processes. With rapid climate change occurring in some parts of Antarctica, elevated numbers of introductions and enhanced success of colonization by aliens are likely, with consequent increases in impacts on ecosystems. Mitigation measures that will substantially reduce the risk of introductions to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic must focus on reducing propagule loads on humans, and their food, cargo, and transport vessels.
644 citations
Authors
Showing all 14346 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Peter B. Reich | 159 | 790 | 110377 |
Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Andrew G. Clark | 140 | 823 | 123333 |
Joss Bland-Hawthorn | 136 | 1114 | 77593 |
John F. Thompson | 132 | 1420 | 95894 |
Xin Wang | 121 | 1503 | 64930 |
William L. Griffin | 117 | 862 | 61494 |
Richard Shine | 115 | 1096 | 56544 |
Ian T. Paulsen | 112 | 354 | 69460 |
Jianjun Liu | 112 | 1040 | 71032 |
Douglas R. MacFarlane | 110 | 864 | 54236 |
Richard A. Bryant | 109 | 769 | 43971 |