Institution
Macquarie University
Education•Sydney, New South Wales, Australia•
About: Macquarie University is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 14075 authors who have published 47673 publications receiving 1416184 citations. The organization is also known as: Macquarie uni.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Laser, Galaxy, Anxiety
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The terrestrial biosphere is a key regulator of atmospheric chemistry and climate, and the overall magnitude of the biogeochemical feedback could potentially be similar to that of feedbacks in the physical climate system, but there are large uncertainties in the magnitude of individual estimates and in accounting for synergies between these effects as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The terrestrial biosphere is a key regulator of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Total positive radiative forcing resulting from biogeochemical feedbacks between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere could be equally as important as that resulting from physical feedbacks. The terrestrial biosphere is a key regulator of atmospheric chemistry and climate. During past periods of climate change, vegetation cover and interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere changed within decades. Modern observations show a similar responsiveness of terrestrial biogeochemistry to anthropogenically forced climate change and air pollution. Although interactions between the carbon cycle and climate have been a central focus, other biogeochemical feedbacks could be as important in modulating future climate change. Total positive radiative forcings resulting from feedbacks between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere are estimated to reach up to 0.9 or 1.5 W m−2 K−1 towards the end of the twenty-first century, depending on the extent to which interactions with the nitrogen cycle stimulate or limit carbon sequestration. This substantially reduces and potentially even eliminates the cooling effect owing to carbon dioxide fertilization of the terrestrial biota. The overall magnitude of the biogeochemical feedbacks could potentially be similar to that of feedbacks in the physical climate system, but there are large uncertainties in the magnitude of individual estimates and in accounting for synergies between these effects.
492 citations
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University of New South Wales1, Office of Environment and Heritage2, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research3, University of Melbourne4, Finnish Environment Institute5, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute6, EcoHealth Alliance7, Royal Botanic Gardens8, University of Salento9, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources10, Macquarie University11, NatureServe12, Environment Agency13, University of Vienna14, Flinders University15, Landcare Research16, University of Idaho17, Deakin University18, Monash University19, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation20, University of Cambridge21
TL;DR: A new conceptual model for ecosystem risk assessment founded on a synthesis of relevant ecological theories is presented, providing a consistent, practical and theoretically grounded framework for establishing a systematic Red List of the world’s ecosystems.
Abstract: An understanding of risks to biodiversity is needed for planning action to slow current rates of decline and secure ecosystem services for future human use. Although the IUCN Red List criteria provide an effective assessment protocol for species, a standard global assessment of risks to higher levels of biodiversity is currently limited. In 2008, IUCN initiated development of risk assessment criteria to support a global Red List of ecosystems. We present a new conceptual model for ecosystem risk assessment founded on a synthesis of relevant ecological theories. To support the model, we review key elements of ecosystem definition and introduce the concept of ecosystem collapse, an analogue of species extinction. The model identifies four distributional and functional symptoms of ecosystem risk as a basis for assessment criteria: A) rates of decline in ecosystem distribution; B) restricted distributions with continuing declines or threats; C) rates of environmental (abiotic) degradation; and D) rates of disruption to biotic processes. A fifth criterion, E) quantitative estimates of the risk of ecosystem collapse, enables integrated assessment of multiple processes and provides a conceptual anchor for the other criteria. We present the theoretical rationale for the construction and interpretation of each criterion. The assessment protocol and threat categories mirror those of the IUCN Red List of species. A trial of the protocol on terrestrial, subterranean, freshwater and marine ecosystems from around the world shows that its concepts are workable and its outcomes are robust, that required data are available, and that results are consistent with assessments carried out by local experts and authorities. The new protocol provides a consistent, practical and theoretically grounded framework for establishing a systematic Red List of the world’s ecosystems. This will complement the Red List of species and strengthen global capacity to report on and monitor the status of biodiversity
491 citations
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TL;DR: The results showed that the application of biochar improves the production of cherry tomatoes by 64% above the control soil conditions, attributed to the combined effect of increased nutrient availability (P and N) and improved soil chemical conditions upon amendment.
488 citations
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01 Apr 1996TL;DR: Traced monoidal categories are introduced, a structure theorem is proved for them, and an example is provided where the structure theorem has application as discussed by the authors. But this is not the case for all categories.
Abstract: Traced monoidal categories are introduced, a structure theorem is proved for them, and an example is provided where the structure theorem has application.
488 citations
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TL;DR: The age distribution of the crust is a fundamental parameter in modeling continental evolution and the rate of crustal accretion through Earth9s history, but this is usually estimated from surface exposures as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The age distribution of the crust is a fundamental parameter in modeling continental evolution and the rate of crustal accretion through Earth9s history, but this is usually estimated from surface exposures. The exposed Yangtze craton in eastern China consists mainly of Proterozoic rocks with rare Archean outcrops. However, the U-Pb ages and Hf isotope systematics of xenocrystic zircons brought to the surface in lamproite diatremes from three Proterozoic outcrop areas of the craton suggest the widespread presence of unexposed Archean basement, with zircon age populations of 2900–2800 Ma and 2600– 2500 Ma and Hf model ages of 2.6 to ca. 3.5 Ga or older. The zircons also record thermal events reworked on the craton ca. 2020 Ma (remelting of older crust) and 1000–850 Ma (addition of juvenile mantle material). The observation of deep crust significantly older than the upper crust will require revision of models for the rates of crustal generation through time.
487 citations
Authors
Showing all 14346 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Peter B. Reich | 159 | 790 | 110377 |
Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Andrew G. Clark | 140 | 823 | 123333 |
Joss Bland-Hawthorn | 136 | 1114 | 77593 |
John F. Thompson | 132 | 1420 | 95894 |
Xin Wang | 121 | 1503 | 64930 |
William L. Griffin | 117 | 862 | 61494 |
Richard Shine | 115 | 1096 | 56544 |
Ian T. Paulsen | 112 | 354 | 69460 |
Jianjun Liu | 112 | 1040 | 71032 |
Douglas R. MacFarlane | 110 | 864 | 54236 |
Richard A. Bryant | 109 | 769 | 43971 |