Showing papers by "Mahidol University published in 1972"
TL;DR: The incidence of primary liver cancer was determined in two selected populations in Thailand by direct field investigation and incidence, as measured in this survey, was six new cases/100,000 people/yr in the first area and two new cases in the second area.
173 citations
TL;DR: Average annual aflatoxin consumption in Songkhla was 10–14 times less than in Singburi, which represents 20–30% of intake values that induce a liver-tumour incidence of nearly 100% in rats following continuous exposure.
121 citations
TL;DR: Intravascular coagulation appears to be an important intermediary mechanism in severe falciparum malaria.
75 citations
TL;DR: Carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase, which oxidizes carotenoids to retinal, has been purified up to 200-fold from rabbit intestine by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, and acetone precipitation.
71 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that within the PVN is a mechanism which would provide for release of oxytocin in a phasic manner in spite of continuing activity in excitatory afferents to the PVn.
58 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that lactation suppression is due mainly to the estrogen content.
48 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that in the placenta both the formation of adenosine fromadenosine monophosphate and the fate of adenoine, i.e., salvage or catabolism, are influenced by the level ofAdenosine triphosphate.
Abstract: Adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine were isolated from human term placentas by paper chromatography of the dialyzates of aqueous placental homogenates and quantified by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Placentas obtained upon vaginal delivery contained 230 ± 18 nmoles adenosine/g tissue, 300 ± 29 nmoles inosine/g, and 250 ± 19 nmoles hypoxanthine/g. Three prelabor placentas obtained by cesarean section contained 44 ± 3 nmoles inosine/g and 277 ± 22 nmoles hypoxanthine/g, but adenosine was not detected in two of the placentas and was present only at 4 nmoles/g in the third. The activities of placental enzymes catabolizing ATP were determined in homogenates of term placentas. No adenylate deaminase or xanthine oxidase activity was found. Adenosinetriphosphatase, adenylate kinase, and 5'-nucleotidase were more active than were adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The results indicate that in the placenta both the formation of adenosine from adenosine monophosphate and the fat...
31 citations
TL;DR: Duration and point prevalence of primary liver cancer in rural regions of Thailand were determined to provide a basis for calculating the incidence of this condition and it was found that primary cancer of the liver in Thailand predominates in males in a proportion of 4 to 1.
29 citations
TL;DR: The resistance of both male and female mice to an acute infection by type I pneumococci varied rhythmically in an approximately 24-hr cycle, with resistance to infection initiated during the light period increased and equalled that during the dark period.
Abstract: The resistance of both male and female mice to an acute infection by type I pneumococci varied rhythmically in an approximately 24-hr cycle. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 105.4±0.1 organisms during the dark period of the daily cycle survived significantly longer than mice similarly inoculated during the light period. The variation in resistance was correlated with the rate of increase of bacteremia, the rate being greatest after inoculation during the light period. Neither the capacity of the blood to support growth of pneumococci in vitro nor clearance of pneumococci from the blood in vivo varied between phases of the daily cycle. Adrenalectomized mice were equally and highly susceptible to infection during both light and dark periods. Stress of mice during the light period, normally a time of relative inactivity of mice, disturbed the rhythm; resistance to infection initiated during the light period increased and equalled that during the dark period.
27 citations
TL;DR: Measurement of regional hepatic blood flow using radioactive xenon by Gelin's method was studied in 20 controls and 21 patients with primary carcinoma of the liver, eight of whom had associated cirrhosis.
Abstract: Summary: Measurement of regional hepatic blood flow using radioactive xenon by Gelin's method was studied in 20 controls and 21 patients with primary carcinoma of the liver, eight of whom had associated cirrhosis. The mean value of blood flow for controls was 28.77±9.50 ml/min/100 g, for carcinomatous nodules 12.21±5.83, for normal areas in the liver with primary carcinoma 37.88±12.88 and for cirrhotic areas in the liver with primary carcinoma 21.50±10.16. The blood flow of carcinomatous tissue is significantly less than of normal parenchyma and this can be explained by the histopathological and angiographic findings. Temporary reduction in the blood flow was obtained by ligation of the hepatic artery and postoperative angiography demonstrated the formation of collateral arteries to the liver.
23 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of Hb Thai among patients with Hb H disease is reported, which should be very important in understanding the genetics of a-thalassaemia.
Abstract: Haemoglobin (Hb) H disease is a mild to severe a-thalassaemic disease, characterized by the haemoglobin types of A + H and intra-erythrocytic inclusion bodies. The latter are aggregated masses of Hb H (/I4). This disease has been reported from many parts of the world, but is especially common among the Thai and the Chinese. Over 400 patients have been examined by us, not including more cases in the Department of Paediatrics of this hospital. The genetics of Hb H disease is peculiar, Hb H being not detectable in either parent in the majority of cases. It has been suggested (Wasi, Na-Nakorn & Suingdumrong, 1964; Huehns, 1965) that this disease results from double heterozygosity between a severe a-thalassaemia gene (a-thal,) and a milder allele (a-thal,). a-thal, leads to a complete, while a-thal, to a partial, suppression of a-chain synthesis. Homozygosity for a-thal, results in Hb Bart's hydrops foetalis in which no Hb A is synthesized (Weatherall, Clegg & Wong, 1970; Todd et al. 1970). Further evidence (Na-Nakorn et al. 1969; Na-Nakorn & Wasi, 1970) supports the hypothesis of a-thal, and a-thal,. A haemoglobin, slower than Hb A, in starch-gel electrophoresis in alkaline pH, in association with a-thalassaemic diseases, was first reported from this laboratory in 1967 (Wasi et al. 1967) and again in 1968 (Wasi et al. 1969). This was found by Dr E. R. Huehns to be an a-chain variant, and has been named Hb Thai (Wasi, 1970b). Hb Thai constitutes only 1-2 % or less of the total haemoglobin. Thus it often escapes detection. The reason for its presence in such a small amount is yet to be shown, but it is very likely that this is due to decreased synthesis. Hb Thai gene, with almost complete suppression of a-chain synthesis, thus would have an a-thalassaemia-like effect. Double heterozygosity between Hb Thai gene and an a-thalassaemia gene should lead to a Hb H disease with the presence of a small amount of Hb Thai. The prevalence of Hb Thai among a-thalassaemic diseases has never been reported before. This should be very important in understanding the genetics of a-thalassaemia. We wish to report the incidence of Hb Thai among patients with Hb H disease. b
TL;DR: The best substrate for lung indoleamine N-methyltransferase was N-methyltryptamine whereas serotonin was thebest substrate for the chick brain enzyme and indoleamines N- methyltransferase from rabbit lung had different substrate specificity from that of chick brain enzymes.
TL;DR: F Frequencies of chromosome-type aberrations were much higher than those of chromatid type after γ-ray treatment, but these types of chromosome aberration did not differ greatly when the cultures were treated with aflatoxin.
Abstract: Chromosomes from human leukocyte cultures in vitro were treated with γ-rays (200 R), aflatoxin (50 μg/ml, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and with a combination of both. At the time of treatment (48 h) cells were in all stages of interphase but G1 cells were evidently predominant. All types of chromosome aberration were observed. Frequencies of chromosome-type aberrations were much higher than those of chromatid type after γ-ray treatment, but these types of chromosome aberration did not differ greatly when the cultures were treated with aflatoxin. Apparently the cytogenetic effect of aflatoxin was delayed longer than was that of irradiation. The present data also suggest the additive effect of γ-rays and aflatoxin in the combined treatment.
TL;DR: Alkeran, a phenylalanine mustard, is employed as an adjunctive in treating the advanced disease of malignant melanoma with incontinuity dissection of the regional lymphatics.
Abstract: SUMMARY
A case of malignant melanoma is reported. The natural behaviour of the disease is mentioned. The treatment is amputation of the penis with incontinuity dissection of the regional lymphatics. Alkeran, a phenylalanine mustard, is employed as an adjunctive in treating the advanced disease.
TL;DR: There appeared to be no correlation between histamine content and HMT activity in at least eight different enzyme sources tested including cat brain, kidney and intestine, guinea pig brain and liver, rat intestine and kidney, and rabbit intestine, which suggests that HMT may not be the only enzyme responsible for histamine metabolism in these tissues.
TL;DR: The laparoscopy procedure has been found to be safe, simple, and effective in diagnostic gynecology in the tropics in over 250 cases and it is suggested that modification of this method may be utilized in other areas of the world.
TL;DR: The study showed that DMPA does not adversely affect the milk production, milk composition or breast fed babies themselves, and on the contrary, this method tends to promote lactation.
Abstract: A study of lactation was conduced in 30 postpartum women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections and 25 controls. Subjects were all Thai women aged 20-39 years with a previous history of successful lactation and the infants were all male healthy with birth weight between 2500 and 3999 gm. (Male infants were chosen to minimize possible differences in weight gain and feeding between sexes. ) Milk was collected at 2 4 6 8 10 and 16 weeks after delivery. Milk volume of the DMPA group was significantly higher (p less than .01). No additional feedings were needed in either group. Weight gains of both sets of infants were comparable and milk compostition and specific gravity showed no significant differences. Longterm use of DMPA is more suitable for women who have completed their family. In the clinic it is suggested that women who want to space pregnancies switch to an oral contraceptive when they stop breast feeding as this method will prevent breast engorgement and also will overcome the irregular bleeding pattern of DMPA therapy.
TL;DR: The immunoglobulin alterations were similar in patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid types of disease, and only the increase of IgA seemed to be correlated with the duration of infection, i.e., higher IgA levels were associated with longer duration of infections.
Abstract: SummaryThe concentrations of serum immunoglobulins G, A, M and D from 125 patients with leprosy (40 tuberculoid, 79 lepromatous, and 6 borderline cases) were quantitated by the radial immunodiffusion technique; elevation of IgE in these sera was qualitatively detected by the Ouchterlony technique. The results were analyzed with respect to the type, the duration, and the progress of the disease. The mean levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD were 2171, 539, 148, and 9.9 mg/100 ml, respectively (the corresponding levels in the normal controls were 1480, 282, 126, and 3.7 mg/100 ml). The immunoglobulin alterations were similar in patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid types of disease. Only the increase of IgA seemed to be correlated with the duration of infection, i.e., higher IgA levels were associated with longer duration of infection. Patients who had apparently recovered after drug therapy had higher IgA level, but less IgM than patients with active disease.The authors are grateful to Dr. Phairoj Prasertsa...
TL;DR: A case of a surviving infant delivered by post mortem Caesarean section is added, probably some 15 minutes after death of the mother by electrocution, and at the age of 8 years the child shows normal physical and mental development.
Abstract: Summary: A case of a surviving infant delivered by post mortem Caesarean section is added to the 153 previously reported. The patient, a primigravid at 38 weeks of gestation, was delivered probably some 15 minutes after death of the mother by electrocution. At the age of 8 years the child shows normal physical and mental development. The literature on the subject is briefly reviewed.
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the riboflavin supplement cured the biochemical arib oflavinosis and the results supported the prcvious suggestion that a stimulation 3 20 % of the in vitro EGR activity was a good indicator of ariboflav inosis.
Abstract: I. A high prevalence of biochemical ariboflavinosis was shown to be present in the preschool children and a small group of adults in a village in north-east Thailand using an in vitro test based on erythrocyte glutathione reductasc (EGR) activity. z. A riboflavin supplement of 10 mgld mas given to all subjects for 7 d. 3. It was demonstrated that the riboflavin supplement cured the biochemical ariboflavinosis and the results supported the prcvious suggestion that a stimulation 3 20 % of the in vitro EGR activity was a good indicator of ariboflavinosis. 4. A dietary survey carried out on twenty preschool children during the experimental period showed riboflavin intake to be low, 0.18 2 0.06 mg/Mcal. 5 . No glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient subjects were shown to be deficient in riboflavin by the in vitro test. The possibility of using in vivo stimulation of EGR activity by riboflavin is discussed as a possible way of demonstrating ariboflavinosis in G-6PD-deficient subjects.
TL;DR: It was found that, of all the vitamins tested in vitro, vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal-5′-phosphate) was the most potent inhibitor of both methylating enzymes.
TL;DR: This poster discusses studies in Ancylostoma caninum infection in dogs and the role of canine coronavirus in this infection.
Abstract: (1972). Studies in Ancylostoma caninum infection in dogs. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 107-128.
TL;DR: Evidence of inadequate dietary intakes in civilian diets were revealed by a nutritional survey carried out by the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (1962) which showed that, although protein and caloric intakes were probably adequate, vitamin intakes were generally low.
Abstract: I. The urinary hydroxyproline : creatinine index was measured in forty-one preschool children, ranging in age from IS months to 8 years, before and after they had received a supplement of 10 mg riboflavin/d for 7 d. It was found that the supplement increased the index in twenty-scven of the children. 2. The children were divided into two groups, those with indices C 1.5 and those with indices > I' 5 before supplementation. 3. The hydroxyproline :creatinine index was found to increase significantly (P 1.5. 4. There was no significant difference between the two groups, in either riboflavin status before supplementation or mean age. 5. The part played by riboflavin in protein utilization and growth is discussed. The urinary hydroxyproline : creatinine index was introduced by Whitehead (1965) as a criterion for USC in the early detection of marginal malnutrition. It was suggested that index values below 2-0 showed marginal malnutrition and Whitehead (1965) found that subjects with clinically recognizable signs of malnutrition usually had index values below 1.5. Studies carried out in two villages in north-east Thailand in 1969 showed that index values from below 1.0 to above 5.0 were found for the infants and preschool children in both villages but not one of these children was clinically malnourished (Migasena, Thurnham, Pongpaew, Jintakanon & Harinasuta, 1971). Subclinical malnutrition, however, was possibly present among the village children since their growth rates were below those of a group of well-nourished Thai children and Western standards (Migasena et al. 1971). In addition, evidence of inadequate dietary intakes in civilian diets were revealed by a nutritional survey carried out by the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (1962) which showed that, although protein and caloric intakes were probably adequate, vitamin intakes were generally low. Biochemical ariboflavinosis has been demonstrated among the preschool children in both villages referred to above (Thurnham, Migasena & Pavapootanon, 1970; Thurnham, Migasena & Vudhivai, 1971). A low dictary intake of riboflavin has been shown to reduce the growth rates of weanling rats on both high-protein and lowprotein diets (Sugioka, Porta, Corey & Hartroft, 1969). Thus, it was of interest to
TL;DR: It was observed that high dosage of DMBA was quite effective in inducing chorionic tumors in rats and gross and histological appearance of the tumor resembled that of normal placenta in rats.
Abstract: Four additional chorionic tumors have been obtained by the same method as previously reported1 using 4-NQO and 7,12-DMBA as carcinogens. It was observed that high dosage of DMBA was quite effective in inducing chorionic tumors in rats. Gross and histological appearance of the tumor resembled that of normal placenta in rats. Part of the tumor has been transplanted and is now under observation.
TL;DR: Sucrase, trehalase and aryl amidase are most probably located on the luminal surface of the intestinal microvilli, while sialic acids are found in glycoproteins in the glycocalyx and elsewhere on the cell surface and phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids probably constitute the plasma membrane core.
TL;DR: Results indicate that the differing reasons for selecting a particular technique partially explains the difference in continuation rates.
Abstract: Studies conducted with 179 women at Soongnern Clinic in northeast Thailand and 5669 at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok showed that the women who chose the pill were more likely to do so to space pregnancies than those who selected the IUD. From a survey of 48 women in Soongnern 52% chose the pill for spacing and 48% chose the IUD. Studies with 118 women indicated that 29% selected the pill to prevent pregnancy while 70% opted for the IUD. No information is available on continuation rates for Soongnern. At the Siriraj Hospital a survey involving 2761 women (90% providing reasons for spacing or stopping) showed that 59% adopted the pill to space 40% chose the IUD. Among 2367 women 50% selected the pill and 49% the IUD to prevent pregnancy. These results indicate that the differing reasons for selecting a particular technique partially explains the difference in continuation rates.