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Showing papers by "Mahidol University published in 1975"


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The local immune system of children suffering protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) was investigated by analyzing the amount of immunoglobulins in the nasal washing on admission, repeatedly during 84 days of hospital therapy, and on follow-up, one to two years later.
Abstract: The incidence and the severity of infection is often increased in children with protein-calorie malnutrition (P.C.M.) (1–3). Several groups of investigators have demonstrated an impairment of the cell-mediated immune function, of the inflammatory response, and of the complement and C3-activating systems in these children (4–9). However, there is no unanimous agreement on the effect of P.C.M. on the humoral immune mechanism. In general, the serum immunoglobulin levels are not reduced (10–13).

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Human testicular nuclei were fractionated into two fractions according to their sedimentation in a sucrose density gradient and the nuclear basic proteins isolated were similar and also resembled electrophoretic mobilities and amino acid composition of the liver histones.

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dietary surveys conducted in northeastern Thailand indicated that both thiamin and caloric intake of subjects under studies were sufficient andThiamin supplementation (10 mg/day) could further reduce their thiamIn pyrophosphate effect.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An attempt was made, using the lesion technique, to confirm results of electric stimulation studies which indicate that the nucleus accumbens (NA) can exercise a facilitatory influence on oxytocin secretion and the milk ejection reflex.
Abstract: An attempt was made, using the lesion technique, to confirm results of electric stimulation studies which indicate that the nucleus accumbens (NA) can exercise a facilitatory influence on oxytocin secretion and the milk ejection reflex. Since little is known about the NA, despite its large size, we also investigated other possible functions as well, especially those related to reproduction, lactation, and maternal behavior. Lesions including the dorsomedial NA were followed by heightened emotionality and impaired lactational performance, attributable in some instances to oxytocin deficiency and in others to a possible prolactin insufficiency. Poor lactational performance was accompanied by the absence of maternal behavior. Lesions made in the posterior hypothalamus reversed the latter but not the former, indicating that: (1) inferior maternal behavior was not attributable to hormonal deficiencies underlying poor lactational performance but to the generally excitable state of the animals, and (2) the hormonal deficiencies were direct consequences of the lesion and not secondarily produced by chronic sympathetic activation.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In studies of Thai blood donors, 243 of 2,500 subjects (9.7%) were Mia positive, and family studies established that Mi III is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant character and usually accompanies the Ms gene complex of the MNSs blood group system.
Abstract: . In studies of Thai blood donors, 243 of 2,500 subjects (9.7%) were Mia positive. All but two were of class Mi III. Family studies established that Mi III is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant character and usually accompanies the Ms gene complex of the MNSs blood group system.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Human leukocytes treated with bleomycin for clinical use at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10 and 50 mug/ml showed significant differences in effect both on the degree of chromosomal aberration and on mitotic indices.
Abstract: Human leukocytes treated with bleomycin (BLM) for clinical use, at concentrations of 01, 05, 10, 10 and 50 μg/ml were studied Both chromosome- and chromatid-type aberrations were observed The groups of larger chromosomes were more affected at every concentration At dosages from 01 to 10 μ/ml no significant difference of effects on chromosomes was observed However, a dose-difference of about 500 times showed significant differences in effect both on the degree of chromosomal aberration and on mitotic indices

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantitatively analyzed total protein, IgG, secretory IgA (SIgA), IgA, IgM, and albumin in 115 cervical fluid specimens from healthy, adult women.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In Haemoglobin Tak two normal α‐chains are combined with two β‐chains elongated by 11 residues beyond the C‐terminus, the elongation cannot result from a point mutation of a stop codon and is probably due to an unequal crossing‐over near the 3′ end of the β‐chain structural gene.
Abstract: Summary. In Haemoglobin Tak two normal α-chains are combined with two β-chains elongated by 11 residues beyond the C-terminus. Unlike in the α-chain abnormal Hb Constant Spring, the elongation cannot result from a point mutation of a stop codon. It is probably due to an unequal crossing-over near the 3′ end of the β-chain structural gene. This could cause either a deletion of the normal stop codon or a shift in the reading frame. Oxygen dissociation of purified Hb Tak shows no cooperativity but in Hb A + Tak haemolysates there is no interaction between the two above 40% O2 saturation. Heterozygotes for Hbs A and Tak show an imbalance of globin chain synthesis (α/non α= 1.5), the synthesis of β Tak resembles that of the β-chain in β+ thalassaemia.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among the 13 patients given streptomycin, PAS, and isoniazid, four are dead and only three patients recovered with a completely good condition.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Some Ms/Ms Milll red cells react weakly with rabbit anti‐N but not with human anti-N sera, and specificities of different anti‐Mia within the Miltenberger complex have been defined by absorbtion studies with different Mi classes.
Abstract: Some Ms/Ms MiIII red cells react weakly with rabbit anti-N but not with human anti-N sera. Specificities of different anti-Mi-a within the Miltenberger complex have been defined by absorbtion studies with different Mi classes.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The globin chain synthesis study appears to be capable of discriminating normal, α-thal1 and α-Thalassemia2 traits.
Abstract: In the Far East two types of α-thalassemia genes, namely α-thalassemia1 (α-thal1) and α-thalassemia2 (α-thal2) exist. Definite diagnosis of the α-thal1 and α-thal2 traits is very difficult because their hematological findings are minimally abnormal or normal. This study attempts to characterize the heterozygotes by hemoglobin chain synthesis in reticulocytes from obligatory cases of the α-thal1 and α-thal2 traits. Twelve parents of babies with hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis (obligatory α-thal1 trait) had the mean total radioactivity α/β ratio of 0.76±SD 0.04, while that of 7 normal controls was 1.06±SD 0.04. The α/β globin chain ratios of 16 cases, who were either parents or offspring of patients with hemoglobin H disease, were found to segregate into 2 groups, i.e. 0.78±SD 0.03 (10 cases) and 0.92±SD 0.03 (6 cases), probably representing the α-thal1 and α-thal2 traits respectively. The hematological data of the first group showed definite hypochromic microcytic red cells, similar to thoseof the parents of the hydrops. The second group had significantly higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin than the first group, compatible with α-thal2 trait. Our globin chain synthesis study thus appears to be capable of discriminating normal, α-thal1 and α-thal2 traits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 581 suicidal cases which occurred in the period 1960-1969, are reviewed from the autopsy reports in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Siriraj Hospital and the following conclusions are drawn.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purification and characterisation of all the cyanogen bromide fragments of MOPC 21 heavy (gamma1) chain and a comparison of this sequence with homologous sequences suggests that the four human gamma subclasses and mouse gamma1 have a common ancestor which differs from the mouse gamma2 ancestor.
Abstract: The purification and characterisation of all the cyanogen bromide fragments of MOPC 21 heavy (γ1) chain is described. The ten BrCN fragments account for the whole chain. Four of these fragments have been used to establish the sequence of the C-terminal stretch (138 residues) that includes the entire CH3 and a part of the CH2 homology regions. A comparison of this sequence with homologous sequences is presented. Mouse γ1 and γ2 proteins differ much more than the γ subclasses in humans and in other species. The comparison further suggests that the four human γ subclasses and mouse γ1 have a common ancestor which differs from the mouse γ2 ancestor. Unlike other subclasses, mouse γ1 and γ2 genes have diverged before speciation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structural characterization of the variant by globin chain separation, peptide mapping, and amino acid analyses of the abnormal peptides indicated that lysine residue 11 (A9) of α-chain was replaced by glutamic acid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The α-Constant Spring chain appears to be over produced, but it may be unstable or labile, not fully available for conjugation with the non alpha chains.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electron microscopic observations suggested that Wesselsbron virus was actively phagocytosed by macrophages, whereas Germiston virus entered the cells by other means and thus, presumably, circumvented the normal killing mechanisms of these cells.
Abstract: Mice develop age-dependent resistance to intraperitoneal infection with Wesselsbron virus, but not with Germiston virus. This resistance correlates with the capacity of peritoneal macrophages from older mice rapidly inacativated the infectivity of Wesselsbron virus, whereas Germiston virus replicated in these cells. Peritoneal macrophages from older mice protected cell cultures against Wesselsbron virus infection, but macrophages from newborn mice did not. Electron microscopic observations suggested that Wesselsbron virus was actively phagocytosed by macrophages, whereas Germiston virus entered the cells by other means and thus, presumably, circumvented the normal killing mechanisms of these cells. Germiston virus may also have directly impaired these killing functions, however, in that the ability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed Diplococcus pneumonaie was significantly less after macrophages were exposed to the virus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among the various methylestery of unsaturated fatty acids administered by gastric intubation at a dose of 0.3 g per 100 g body weight, arachidonate was most potent in bringing about a significant reduction of hyperlipogenesis without seriously affecting food intakes.
Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate specific dampening of hyperlipo-genesis (i.e. enhanced lipogenic enzyme activity of the liver in rats refed a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet: F-diet) by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids under fixed carbohydrate consumption. In force-feeding of rats with a linoleate-rich diet (F-diet containing 4.5 safflower oil), the lipogenic enzyme activities; fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME), in the liver supernatantt were found to be significantly lower than those in rats force-fed only an F-diet (p<0.02), under conditions of identical consumption of carbohydrate. Among the various methylesters of unsaturated fatty acids administered by gastric intubation at a dose of 0.3g per 100g body weight, arachidonate was most potent in bringing about a significant reduction of hyper-lipogenesis without seriously affecting food intakes. During the same three-day experimental period, fatty acid GLC spectra in both the liver and plasma lipids reflected the exogenous input of PUFA. Plasma total fatty acid concentration (mainly triglyceride) significantly de-creased in the arachidonate group (p<0.01).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two examples of anti‐Hut which is specific for cell class II of the Miltenberger complex were found by simple absorption test of previously called ‘anti‐Mia’.
Abstract: . Two examples of anti-Hut which is specific for cell class II of the Miltenberger complex were found by simple absorption test of previously called ‘anti-Mia’

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Characteristic symptoms of juvenile beriberi appear mainly in the brain and peripheral nerves, and calf pain, gait difficulty, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes are seen as signs of peripheral neuritis.
Abstract: ment, called &dquo;wet type.&dquo; Juvenile beriberi is seen in older children who have consumed almost nothing except rice. Characteristic symptoms of juvenile beriberi appear mainly in the brain and peripheral nerves. Nasal voice, hoarseness, difficulty of hearing, ptosis, strabismus, and nystagmus are expressions of cerebral nerve involvement. Calf pain, gait difficulty, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes are seen as signs of peripheral neuritis. Dilatation and edema of the heart are said to be relatively rare in juvenile beriberi5; however, Pongpanich et al.11 recently reported cardiac beriberi in three children. Older children suf-

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that vasectomy is a safe effective and uncomplicated procedure for permanent fertility control and the quality of their relationships with their wives and in the work situation seemed to be relatively unchanged.
Abstract: A retrospective study was conducted from May to July 1973 among all Thai men who had been vasectomized at Ramathibodi Hospital Bangkok between January 1970 and March 1973 in order to determine their physical psycho-social and sexual responses to the operation. 63% of the men responded to an invitation to be interviewed at the hospital. Their man age was 33.5 years and 86.5% were less than 40 years of age. The mean duration of marriage was 8.4 years. The vasectomized men were a relatively well educated group; half of them had at least some secondary school education. 48.1% of the men cited friends and relatives as the original source of information about vasectomies. 22.2% learned about them from mass media. The major reasons given by the men in the study for obtaining a vasectomy were economic in nature. 68% of the men reported that they or their wives had practiced some form of birth control prior to the vasectomy operation. 45.9% of the men had the operation when they reached their expressed ideal number of children and 28.1% were vasectomized after they had exceeded their ideal. Almost all of the men reported little or no pain during the operation and after the operation the great majority reported that they had no problems. All but 1 of the men said that they would select vasectomy again as their method of birth control. The overwhelming majority of the respondents reported that their health was either the same or better since the operation. The most significant negative factors associated with health was fatigue. Most of the men stated that they were happier and more comfortable since the operation. 20% said that they were more irritable since the operation. The quality of their relationships with their wives and in the work situation seemed to be relatively unchanged. Post vasectomy changes in sexual relations were found to be minimal; if occurring at all such changes were usually improvements. It was concluded that vasectomy is a safe effective and uncomplicated procedure for permanent fertility control.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Upon electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gels this preparation exhibited a high degree of homogeneity, with contamination from other proteins and isozymes totalling 5% or less.
Abstract: . Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-X (LDH–C 4 ) was purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography from 224 g of human testis. The purified isozyme had a specific activity of 80 I.U./mg, which represents a 571-fold purification with a yield of 21%. Upon electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gels this preparation exhibited a high degree of homogeneity, with contamination from other proteins and isozymes totalling 5% or less. The properties of human LDH-C 4 were compared with purified LDH-B 4 (62 I.U./mg) and partially purified LDH-A 4 (102 I.U./mg), isolated from human heart and human liver, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sites of action of vitamin D on the energy transfer pathway of rat liver mitochondria and the possible implications of these observations with regard to the biological actions of vitaminD are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The displacement of 7-14C-nicotinamide dinucleotides from their corresponding apoenzymes with subsequent metabolism of the din nucleotides could explain the noted increased 7- 14C- nicotine dinucleotide turnover and depletion which led to the toxic effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
V. Baimai1
TL;DR: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen das Konzept über die möglicherweise wichtigen zytologischen Wirkungen des Chromosomenbruches im Bereich des zentromeren Heterochromatins.
Abstract: Polytane Chromosomen und Metaphasen der Ganglionen vonD. formella-Larven aus Hawaii wurden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse unterstutzen das Konzept uber die moglicherweise wichtigen zytologischen Wirkungen des Chromosomenbruches im Bereich des zentromeren Heterochromatins.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preparations were highly stable at both temperatures for at least 3 months, as indicated by both manjal and electronic leukocyte counts.
Abstract: A preparation technic for stabilized leukocytes for quality control is described. Human leukocytes are separated from 5 ml. of blood using dextran; the erythrocytes are lysed with isotonic NH4C1–Tris buffer, pH 7.2. The washed leukocytes are resuspended in 50 ml. of cacodylate HC1 buffer, pH 7.4. Five ml. of 2.5% glutaraldehyde were slowly added, and preservation is accomplished by storage overnight at 4 C. The washed leukocytes are resuspended in physiologic saline solution containing 1:1,000 sodium azide, then stored at 4 C and at room temperature. The preparations were highly stable at both temperatures for at least 3 months, as indicated by both manual and electronic leukocyte counts.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Ficoll-Hypaque-sucrose method gives a good yield of lymphocytes, high viability and purity, and relatively low contamination with erythrocytes and platelets.
Abstract: A method for the separation of lymphocytes from human blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation, with removal of platelets by a single sucrose solution with a density of 65%, is presented. The Ficoll-Hypaque-sucrose method gives a good yield of lymphocytes, high viability and purity, and relatively low contamination with erythrocytes and platelets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The medium used for the leukocyte migration test contained 1% agarose, 0.003 M HEPES, TC medium 199, and 10% horse serum, and the results were comparable to those of the reference technic.
Abstract: The medium used for the leukocyte migration test contained 1% agarose, 0.003 M HEPES, TC medium 199, and 10% horse serum. The pH was adjusted to 7.3 with 2 N NaOH. The leukocyte migration test in this medium correlated with the intradermal test in 36 subjects when PPD was used as antigen, and the results were comparable to those of the reference technic. Addition of HEPES to the original medium enables the test to be performed in a standard incubator.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Serotonin content and concentration for brains of 3–4 year-old crocodiles were determined to be 3·360±0·694 μg and 0·731±0–078 μg/g respectively, and highest regional concentrations were found in the cerebrum.
Abstract: 1. Serotonin content and concentration for brains of 3–4 year-old crocodiles were determined to be 3·360±0·694 μg and 0·731±0·078 μg/g respectively. 2. No sex-related differences were noted but animals killed in October showed higher concentrations than those killed in other months. 3. Small animals (1 month old) had higher concentrations, 1·481±0·064 μg/g than did the older animals. 4. Highest regional concentrations were found in the cerebrum (1·023±0·362 μg/g) followed in descending order by diencephalon, midbrain tegmentum, midbrain tectum, medulla, pons, cerebellum, and olfactor bulb.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The severity of this condition and the difficulty of treatment are due to the insusceptibility of the organisms to commonly used antibiotics and the inadequacy of the antibiotic level in the ventricular fluid after parenteral and intraspinal administration.
Abstract: Among the organisms reported to cause pyogenic ventriculitis have been Hemophilus influenza, Escherichia coli, Srzlmonella, group B (3=hemolytic Streptococcus, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus rzure~s. ~.~°7 To date, no cases concerning Mama polymorpha ventriculitis have been reported in the English literature. The severity of this condition and the difficulty of treatment are due to the insusceptibility of the organisms to commonly used antibiotics and the inadequacy of the antibiotic level in the ventricular fluid after parenteral and intraspinal administration.3 Intraventricular administration of antibiotics

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) 3H-crustaxanthin given by intraperitoneal injection was absorbed efficiently, but was not metabolized to any detectable radioactive compounds.
Abstract: 1. 1. Tritiated crustaxanthin (3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydroxy-β-carotene), presumably labeled in the 4 and 4′-H positions, was prepared from astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-carotene) by reduction with sodium borotritiide (NaB3H4). 2. 2. Less than 0·4% of the tritium in crustaxanthin exchanged with water during equilibration in neutral aqueous solution. 3. 3. When 3H-crustaxanthin was injected intraperitoneally into rats, most of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine as metabolites more polar than crustaxanthin, and a less polar radioactive metabolite was identified in the liver. 4. 4. Vitamin A was not labeled, and water of the urine contained a small but significant amount of tritium 5. 5. In the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) 3H-crustaxanthin given by intraperitoneal injection was absorbed efficiently, but was not metabolized to any detectable radioactive compounds.