scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Mahidol University published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical spectrum of renal manifestations, renal pathologic changes, and pathogenesis will be presented and it is shown that renal involvement in falciparum malaria varies widely.

102 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The disulfide contents of human sperm heads, as measured by reduction to the sulfhydryls and subsequent alkylation with14C-iodoacetamide, increase about 2-fold during the sperm passage from the caput to caudal epididymides.
Abstract: The disulfide contents of human sperm heads, as measured by reduction to the sulfhydryls and subsequent alkylation with14C-iodoacetamide, increase about 2-fold during the sperm passage from the caput to caudal epididymides Majority of the increased disulfides reside in the human protamine fractions

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the sequence of appearance of individual signs of deficiency following the induction of synchronous vitamin A deficiency is highly reproducible, and that the more general use of synchronously deficient animals would materially assist studies of cause-effect relationships in vitamin A deficiencies.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to determine the sequence and reliability of appearance of key signs of vitamin A deficiency. Rapid and essentially synchronous vitamin A deficiency was induced by the withdrawal of retinoic acid from mature (190--210 g) stringently vitamin A-deficient male rats reared by feeding early growth plateau (60--70 g) vitamin A-deprived rats diets first supplemented with and then lacking in 2 micrograms retinoic acid per gram diet in repeating 18 day:10 day supplementation:deprivation cycles. Growth was depressed within 1 to 2 days of the withdrawal of retinoic aicid whether animals were force-fed or were fed ad libitum. Similar patterns were obtained when animals were fed 5 or 10 micrograms retinoic acid per gram diet. Appetite was depressed (1--2 days) whether animals were fed 18% casein diets, or were given 10% dextrose drinking solutions only. Decreased food intake was not due to impaired taste function or to poor palatability of the deficient diet. Bilateral electrolytic lesions in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus or anterior prepyriform cortex failed to prevent or to delay loss of appetite. Supplementation with antibiotics decreased body weight losses in the late stages of deficiency and increased survival time. Other signs of deficiency (days until onset following retinoate withdrawal; percent incidence) were: decreased intestinal goblet cell numbers (2--3; 80), decreased pilocarpine induced salivation (6--8; 80), tracheal metaplasia (6--8; 80), transient periocular porphyria (6--8; 60), altered salivary gland morphology (9--10; 80), decreased stomach emptying in force-fed animals (12; 70), twisting (12; 5) and leg crippling (12; 5). We conclude that the sequence of appearance of individual signs of deficiency following the induction of synchronous vitamin A deficiency is highly reproducible, and that the more general use of synchronously deficient animals would materially assist studies of cause-effect relationships in vitamin A deficiency.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the effect of capsaicin on the acid secretion and mucosal blood flow is by the release of endogenous gastric secretagogues which increase both tissue perfusion and the secretory activity.
Abstract: The effect of capsaicin, a pungent ingredient in capsicum fruit, upon gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow was assessed in the anesthetized rat. At each 15 minute interval, 0.3 ml saline solution, with or without various doses of pure synthetic capsaicin (the doses varied from 50 to 2,000 microgram/kg rat) was delivered into the gastric lumen via a gastric fistula. The gastric contents were withdrawn after 15 minutes for acid assay and replaced with a new saline solution. Capsaicin of increasing doses (up to 1,000 microgram/kg) progressively increased the acid output. Gastric inhibitors hexamethonium and atropine, completely abolished the acid secretion induced by capsaicin whereas secretin only partially reduced such a response. The systemic blood pressure was not affected by the capsaicin or the method employed. However, the aminopyrine clearance which was the indicator of the gastric mucosal blood flow increased in accordance with the increase in the acid output. It is suggested that the effect of capsaicin on the acid secretion and mucosal blood flow is by the release of endogenous gastric secretagogues which increase both tissue perfusion and the secretory activity.

66 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Serum retinol values declined slowly with gestational age to term, whereas liver vitamin A concentrations tended to increase until the 28th week and then to fall until term, anditamin A concentrations in both serum and liver showed marked variability.

58 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The projections from the inferior olive to the flocculus and paraflocculus in the cat have been mapped by means of the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and suggest that there are species differences hitherto not known.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that fluid secretion of the rabbit lacrimal gland in response to PGE1 may be caused by excitation of the sympathetic ganglia and/or by direct action on beta-receptors in the acinar cells.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the 24 patients who had communicating hydrocephalus and were treated with acetazolamide and repeated lumbar punctures, treatment was successful in all but two, in whom shunt surgery was needed.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence was presented to show that more larvae were able to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of A- rats than that of A+ controls, a finding that is consistent with the fact that one of the functions of vitamin A is to maintain the morphological and functional integrity of the mucosa.
Abstract: SummaryThe effect of vitamin A deficiency on susceptibility to infection by A. cantonensis was studied using rats reared by a procedure enabling the synchronous induction of vitamin A deficiency and the stringent control of both dietary protein and energy input. Vitamin A-deficient (A-) rats were more susceptible to infection by third-stage larvae than (A+) controls, as revealed from mortality rate, survival period, and/or worm recovery. Evidence was presented to show that more larvae were able to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of A- rats than that of A+ controls, a finding that is consistent with the fact that one of the functions of vitamin A is to maintain the morphological and functional integrity of the mucosa. Moreover, following a primary infection A- rats developed a lower degree of protective immunity than A+ control. Animals that were initially exposed to the parasite during the A+ state had a longer survival period and a lower worm burden than the group that was deficient in vitamin A during t...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The toxic factor(s) was heat sensitive and γ ray resistant and preliminary evidences indicated that it was associated with the crystalline body of B. thuringiensis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By use of the neutral alkylating agent iodo [14C1] acetamide instead of ethylene imine or iodoacetate, the resolution of human protamines on gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography has been improved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a reduction in intensity of various protein bands, notably bands I and II (spectrin), of membranes prepared from infected red cells of mouse red cells infected with Plasmodium berghei, P. vinckei and P. chabaudi.
Abstract: 1. The membrane fraction, prepared by hypotonic lysis, of mouse red cells infected with Plasmodium berghei, P. yoelii YM, P. yoelii 17 X, P. yoelii 33 X, P. vinckei or P. chabaudi shows significant alterations from normal in protein composition as observed by dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. There is a reduction in intensity of various protein bands, notably bands I and II (spectrin), of membranes prepared from infected red cells. 3. New bands are observed as a result of infection, the intensity and location of which depend on the parasite species and strain. A new band of apparent molecular weight 150,000 appears with a strong intensity in P. yoelii YM infection, with a moderate intensity in P. berghei infection, and with a weak intensity in P. vinckei and P. chabaudi infection. In P. yoelii 17X and 33X infection, multiple weak bands are seen in the molecular weight range 120,000-210,000.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nine species of freshwater fishes from Thailand have been exposed to infection with embryonated eggs of Capillaria philippinensis and larvae capable of establishing intestinal capillariasis in Mongolian gerbils were recovered from six fish species.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1979-Toxicon
TL;DR: Cytochalasin B appears to act directly on the walls of blood capillaries permitting extravascular effusion of plasma fluid as well as induces qualitatively different histopathologic changes in the liver and kidney than cy tochalasin E.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a phosphorylated membrane protein of apparent molecular weight 42,000, absent in membrane from normal cells, can be detected in membrane of infected cells, but not by triton X-100, indicating that it may be red cell actin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 14 out of 22 fungal isolates ofA.
Abstract: 14 out of 22 fungal isolates ofA. niger from market foods and foodstuffs were toxigenic to weanling rats. Approximately 2/3 of these cultures were highly toxigenic. Histopathologic changes were observed mostly in kidney with necrosis of the tubular epithelium and to a less extent in liver with centrolobular necorsis of the hepatic cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an alkylation-lactonisation reaction of anthracene adducts 1a and 1b with epoxides followed by release of the methylene lactones through a retro Diels-Alder reaction was used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an antibody against Hb Bart's was produced in rabbits by repeated injections with Bart's from hydropic fetuses, without cross-reaction with Hb s A, A2, E, F and H. The test was positive in 21 % of the general subjects, corresponding to the prevalence of α-thalassemia.
Abstract: Frequently it is impossible to diagnose α-thalassemia-2 trait from hematologic findings, since the red cell morphology and the MCV are normal. In such cases, after the neonatal period Hb Bart's is not detectable by conventional electrophoreses and chromatography. Antibody against Hb Bart's was produced in rabbits by repeated injections with Hb Bart's- from Hb Bart's hydropic fetuses. The antibody was specific for Hb Bart's without cross-reaction with Hb s A, A2, E, F and H. By the capillary tube precipitin test Hb Bart's was demonstrable in 82% of 87 obligatory cases for α-thalassemia traits, 86 % in α-thalassemia-1 trait and 79% in α-thalassemia-2 trait. The test was positive in 21 % of the general subjects, corresponding to the prevalence of α-thalassemia in Bangkok. Thus the immunologic demonstration of Hb Bart's appears to offer a diagnostic screening test for α-thalassemia traits in the postneonatal period.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results and that from comparison of activation of deoxycholate‐extracted enzyme by lipids from normal erythrocytes suggest that the low acetylcholinesterase activity in PNH ery Throcytes is due, at least in part, to alteration in the lipid environment of the enzyme.
Abstract: Summary. Acetylcholinesterase of intact erythrocytes, their ghosts and salt soluble extracts obtained from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) does not differ from normal with respect to Km values for acetylthiocholine, and Ki values for phenyltrimethylammonium iodide. However, the enzyme from PNH sources has lower Vmax values than normal, has different thermal stability from normal, has less distinctive transition temperature in the Arrhenius plots, and is less subject to inhibition by stearic acid. These results and that from comparison of activation of deoxycholate-extracted enzyme by lipids from normal erythrocytes suggest that the low acetylcholinesterase activity in PNH erythrocytes is due, at least in part, to alteration in the lipid environment of the enzyme.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two species of fish-eating bird namely, Amaurornis phoenicurus and Ardeola bacchus were fed with infective larvae of Capillaria philippinensis in Gambusia holbrookii and auto-infection was observed in all susceptible birds and the protective immunity had developed in one of A. phoeniurus used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A patient presented with bleeding esophageal varices and splenomegaly and hyperkeratosis of palms and soles which led to the discovery of chronic arsenic poisoning, and a gradient between splenic pulp pressure and hepatic wedge pressure which is consistent with presinusoidal hypertension is revealed.
Abstract: We report a case of idiopathic portal hypertension which is related to chronic arsenic poisoning. Only 7 cases have been reported previously. The patient presented with bleeding esophageal varices. Splenomegaly and hyperkeratosis of palms and soles were later noted and led to the discovery of chronic arsenic poisoning. The hemodynamic studies revealed a gradient between the splenic pulp pressure and hepatic wedge pressure which is consistent with presinusoidal hypertension. The liver histology revealed only mild portal fibrosis. Arsenic poisoning is one cause of idiopathic protal hypertension.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitamin E-deficient rabbits, the specific activities at 37 degrees of mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, NADH cytochrome C reductase and Ca-ATPase, and microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase were increased and reduced, reflecting changes in the microenvironment of membrane-bound enzymes as a consequence of vitamin E depletion.
Abstract: The effects of vitamin E deficiency on membrane integrity were studied by examining the temperature dependence of membrane-bound enzyme activities in liver mitochondria and microsome and in muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. In vitamin E-deficient rabbits, the specific activities at 37 degrees of mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30), and microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) were increased, whereas those of microsomal NADH cytochrome C reductase (EC 1.6.99.3) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase were reduced in comparison to control rabbits. Arrhenius plots of activity against temperature yielded a linear plot over the range 10 to 40 degrees in the case of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, NADH cytochrome C reductase and Ca-ATPase, and multiple discontinuities for glucose-6-phosphatase and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. In control rabbits, all five enzymes showed a single discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot over the range 16 to 19 degrees. These results reflect changes in the microenvironment of membrane-bound enzymes as a consequence of vitamin E depletion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that fluid secretion from the rabbit lacrimal gland is dependent on the extracellular free Ca2+ concentration.
Abstract: A possible role of extracellular free Ca2+ in methacholine-induced fluid secretion in the in vivo rabbit lacrimal gland has been investigated. Lowering the extracellular Ca2+ concentration by either intra-arterial injection or infusion of EGTA at doses which caused no systemic effects produced a dose related and reversible inhibition of methacholine-induced secretion. The inhibitory effect of EGTA was diminished when EGTA chelated with CaCl2 in varying concentration ratios was administered. On the other hand, intra-arterial injection of CaCl2 potentiated fluid secretion stimulated by submaximal doses of methacholine. These results suggest that fluid secretion from the rabbit lacrimal gland is dependent on the extracellular free Ca2+ concentration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Capsaicin-induced-inhibition of intestinal glucose transport may be due in part to a secondary inhibitory effect on the ATPase dependent sodium pump.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Direct immunofluorescent staining of platelets obtained from 13 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura suggested platelets in patients with ITP may be damaged by an antiplatelet autoantibody acting directly on the platelet surface and/or by antigen antibody complexes binding via Fc IgG receptors on the surface of the platelets.
Abstract: . Direct immunofluorescent staining of 31 specimens of platelets obtained from 13 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) revealed positive staining on the surface of platelets for both immunoglobulins (Igs) and human β1C globulin in 9 specimens, for only Igs in 1 specimen and for human β1C alone in 5 specimens. The pattern of the positive immunofluorescent staining was granular. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of normal platelets in serum obtained from patients with ITP was positive for antiplatelet antibody in 9 out of 31 specimens. This suggests that platelets in patients with ITP may be damaged by an antiplatelet autoantibody acting directly on the platelet surface and/or by antigen antibody complexes binding via Fc IgG receptors on the surface of the platelets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Proteins obtained from membranes of PNH erythrocytes and of red cells treated with 2‐aminoethylisothiouronium bromide following lysis in acidified serum provided support that AET‐treated red cells afford a suitable experimental substitute for PNH red cells in studies involving complement fixation.
Abstract: Proteins obtained from membranes of PNH erythrocytes and of red cells treated with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) following lysis in acidified serum (Ham's test) were compared by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peptide patterns were identical, providing support that AET-treated red cells afford a suitable experimental substitute for PNH red cells in studies involving complement fixation.