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Showing papers by "Mahidol University published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Apr 1983-Cancer
TL;DR: Hepatic artery ligation is a rationale treatment because it not only cuts off blood supply to the tumor nodule which is almost exclusively nourished by arterial blood, but also reduces the degree of portal hypertension in cirrhosis.
Abstract: Of 508 cases of primary liver cancer admitted during 1970-1978, 63 cases had spontaneous rupture of carcinomatous nodules. The association with cirrhosis among noncomplicated cases was 65% and 93% in cases with the rupture (P less than 0.001). In most instances, the presenting symptoms were not dramatic and could be indistinguishable from other uncomplicated carcinoma of the liver. Sixteen patients were treated conservatively and all died. The other ten patients who presumably bled due to coagulation defect were also given conservative treatment and the mortality rate was only 60%. Hepatic artery ligation was employed in 26 cases with 54% mortality but bleeding stopped in 92%, as compared with other conventional surgical measures such as packing, suture, and cauterization to control hemorrhage with 90% mortality rate. There is ample evidence that hepatic venous obstruction due to the tumor invasion and portal hypertension due to the pre-existing cirrhosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of spontaneous rupture of the tumor. Hepatic artery ligation is a rationale treatment because it not only cuts off blood supply to the tumor nodule which is almost exclusively nourished by arterial blood, but also reduces the degree of portal hypertension in cirrhosis.

175 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Piperine is acutely toxic to mice, rats and hamsters and in subacute toxicity studies, the rats died within 1-3 days after treatment and the animals may be attributable to multiple dysfunctions in their organs.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All three injectable regimens compare favourably with oral contraceptives in terms of pregnancy and total continuation rates observed in clinical trial settings and for family planning programs, NET-EN (60-day) has the advantage of low pregnancy rates compared to NET- EN (84-day), and a schedule of administration that does not change.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: B. sphaericus strain 1593 and B. thuringiensis serotype H-14 were evaluated for persistence of toxicity against two species of mosquito larvae, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti, in a selected simulating plot in Bangkok.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was no overall significant difference between the twoNET-EN groups, although between the 6 and 18 month's follow-up when the two NET-EN regimens diverged, the net-EN (84 days) users' pregnancy rate rose significantly, wherease in the NET- EN (60 days) group the pregnancy rate did not change.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results do not support any evidence in favor of a preexisting cellular immune deficiency in relation with the occurrence of cerebral or high-parasitemia acute malaria in patients, and it can be concluded that the alteration of specific cell-mediated responses are predominantly detectable in acute cases with major parasite invasion.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Erythrocytes from Plasmodium berghei-infected mice on incubation either in plasma or artificial isotonic media showed an increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ compared with erythrocyte from uninfected mice, likely due to changes in membrane permeability accompanying parasite development.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alkylation of lithio fluoromethyl phenyl sulfoxide 2 gave the alkylated products in high yields as mentioned in this paper and pyrolysis of the products led to vinyl fluorides in excellent yields.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1983-Genetica
TL;DR: The cytological evidence demonstrates that populations of both species are far from continuous in distribution and the extent to which such cytological differences reflect the existence of subspecific or specific complexes with minimal morphological differentiation is under investigation.
Abstract: Metaphase chromosomes from neuroblasts of strains from both laboratory stocks and natural populations of D. serido, D. meridionalis, D. borborema and D. buzzatii have been studied using colcemid pretreatment, and air-drying followed by Giemsa staining. The two latter species both show a uniform ‘basic’ metaphase karyotype. D. serido and D. meridionalis, on the other hand, both include a number of different, geographically distinct, metaphase karyotypes involving differences in the major blocks of constitutive heterochromatin present on the sex chromosomes and/or the 6th chromosome (microchromosome). These chromosomal differences are largely due to the acquisition of extra heterochromatin though pericentric inversions appear to be responsible for some of the Y-chromosome variants in D. serido. Moreover, the cytological evidence demonstrates that populations of both species are far from continuous in distribution. The extent to which such cytological differences reflect the existence of subspecific or specific complexes with minimal morphological differentiation is under investigation.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that a chymotrypsin-like activity of the merozoite is important in the invasion process of Plasmodium falciparum.
Abstract: Highly synchronous cultures of the erythrocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum were used to determine the effects of a number of protease inhibitors on parasite development and merozoite invasion. Leupeptin, N-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethylketone and pepstatin at a concentration greater than 0.05 mM were deleterious to both parasite development and merozoite invasion whereas aprotinin, antipain, alpha-1-antitrypsin and soybean trypsin inhibitor had no effect at a concentration of 0.5 mM. On the other hand, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethylketone and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride at a concentration of 1 mM and chymostatin at a concentration of 0.15 mM inhibited merozoite invasion but were not deleterious to parasite development. Pretreatment of red cells with these three inhibitors did not block merozoite invasion. These results suggested that a chymotrypsin-like activity of the merozoite is important in the invasion process.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that a high proportion of adults living in the endemic area had IFA anti-sporozoite antibodies, usually IgG, and those against P. falciparum and P. vivax sporozoites were found to be stage- and species-specific.
Abstract: Serum samples from 120 individuals living in a malaria-endemic area, 31 patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection, and 58 healthy blood donors were tested for antibodies against P falciparum and P vivax sporozoites Specific antibodies were determined by the circumsporozoite precipitation (CSP) reaction and indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) tests for IgG and IgM antibodies It was found that a high proportion of adults living in the endemic area had IFA anti-sporozoite antibodies, usually IgG Children and healthy donors were either negative or had low antibody titers A positive correlation was found between IgG antibody titers against P falciparum sporozoites and those against P vivax sporozoites CSP reactivity was demonstrated in 5 of 31 sera from patients with falciparum malaria, and was always associated with a high level of IFA antibodies The anti-sporozoite antibodies were found to be stage- and species-specific

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Toxic and mutagenic activities of formaldehyde were studied in Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677, using forward mutation to 8-azaguanine (8-AG) resistance both in the absence and in the presence of Aroclor-induced rat-liver postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, β-Senepoxide, Tingtanoxide and their diene precursors were isolated from Uvaria ferruginea (Annonaceae) and their structures and absolute configurations were deduced using spectroscopy and chemical correlations with compounds of known stereostructures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A serological survey in rural Thailand demonstrated that inhabitants acquired antibody to rotavirus between the age of 6 months and 6 years, to Norwalk virus between the ages of 4 and 5 years, and to hepatitis A between the aged of 6 and 35 years.
Abstract: A serological survey in rural Thailand demonstrated that inhabitants acquired antibody to rotavirus between the ages of 6 months and 6 years, to Norwalk virus between the ages of 4 and 5 years, and to hepatitis A between the ages of 6 and 35 years. Antibody of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin was most prevalent between 1 and 4 years and 18 and 25 years of age.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Sep 1983-Cancer
TL;DR: A case of colonic tumor demonstrating both adenosquamous carcinomatous and carcinoidal features is reported, which supports the possibility of a close histogenetic relationship between the three components.
Abstract: A case of colonic tumor demonstrating both adenosquamous carcinomatous and carcinoidal features is reported. Previous record of such an occurrence has not been encountered. The relationship between the three elements appears to be an intimate one. It is not regarded as purely coincidental, but supports the possibility of a close histogenetic relationship between the three components.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study shows that sulfasalazine also has an antifertility action in the male rat without affecting the blood androgens as previously reported in male patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was applied to detect the products of the third component of complement (C3) activation in plasma of patients suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever using inulin-treated normal human sera as positive control, and the appearance of C3 activation products in DHF correlated well with signs of shock.
Abstract: Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was applied to detect the products of the third component of complement (C3) activation in plasma of patients suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), using inulin-treated normal human sera as positive control. In DHF, C3 split products were demonstrated in severely ill patients classified as having Grade III and Grade IV disease. These split products rapidly disappeared during the convalescent phase. The appearance of C3 activation products in DHF correlated well with signs of shock. This electropherogram of C3 activation could be used as a parameter reflecting immunologic activity in dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tetrahydropapaveroline was the most active of the 24 alkaloid tested in inhibiting binding of 3H‐dihydroalprenolol to β1‐adrenergic receptors, and selected alkaloids from each class interacted only moderately with serotonergic receptors.
Abstract: Catecholamine-derived alkaloids of the simple tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline and tetrahydroprotoberberine classes have been tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of seven different radioligands to neurotransmitter receptors of brain synaptic membranes. Alkaloids of all three classes were active in inhibiting 3H-clonidine binding to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Stereoselectivity of tetrahydropapaveroline in binding to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors was evidenced by the marked activity of the S-(--) isomer (IC50 = 0.65 microM) in comparison to the R-(+) enantiomer (IC50 = 50 microM). The simple tetrahydroisoquinolines (3,4-dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline and salsolinol), the four isomeric mono-O-methyl derivatives of 2,3,10,11-tetrahydroxyberbine and tetrahydropapaveroline were the most potent inhibitors of 3H-apomorphine binding to dopaminergic receptor agonist sites. The tetrahydroprotoberberines, as a class, were the most potent inhibitors of 3H-spiroperidol binding to dopaminergic receptor antagonist sites and of 3H-WB-4101 binding to alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. The 1-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines exhibited varying degrees of interaction with beta 1-adrenergic receptors. Tetrahydropapaveroline (IC50 = 0.3 microM) was the most active of the 24 alkaloids tested in inhibiting binding of 3H-dihydroalprenolol to beta 1-adrenergic receptors. None of the alkaloids significantly affected 3H-QNB binding to muscarinic-cholinergic receptors, and selected alkaloids from each class interacted only moderately with serotonergic receptors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified quick-Kato technique and the Stoll dilution method for the diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini infection were compared from the standpoints of both replicability and sensitivity.
Abstract: A modified quick-Kato technique and the Stoll dilution method for the diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini infection were compared from the standpoints of both replicability and sensitivity. One Stoll dilution preparation and two modified quick-Kato smears were prepared from single stool specimens collected from 221 persons in a village in north-eastern Thailand. Stool examinations were made in duplicate for each technique by two examiners, and the averages of the raw egg counts were used to estimate the intensity of infection. Statistical analyses revealed that the modified quick-Kato technique was slightly more sensitive, and thus would detect more positives, but was lacking in replicability and hence less suitable for measurement of individual intensity of infection. We therefore recommend the Stoll dilution technique for field surveys and measurement of individual intensity of O. viverrini infection.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A patient is presented in this report with a clinical and radiologic finding indistinguishable from that of the Jaccound's arthropathy, however, the only associated illness is chronic lung disease.
Abstract: Jaccoud's arthropathy is a syndrome of chronic progressive painless deformity of the hands and feet with surprisingly well preserved functions. The arthropathy has been known to develop subsequently to episodes of rheumatic fever. a patient is presented in this report with a clinical and radiologic finding indistinguishable from that of the Jaccound's arthropathy. However, the only associated illness is chronic lung disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of substituted-halosulfoxides with TiCl 4 -Zn in ether gave the corresponding phenyl vinyl sulfides in good yields, and the corresponding sulfides were obtained in good yield.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 was shown to improve the resolution of the human TH2B on gel electrophoresis and on gel filtration, and closer similarity was observed within the germ cell histone (TH2B) group and within the somatic hist one (H2B).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data showed that prior infection of animals with O. viverrini did not induce significant protective immunity against reinfection by the same parasite, and Lack of protection was also noted in animals reinfected several times with small doses of metacercariae.
Abstract: The development of acquired resistance in opisthorchiasis was studied in hamsters experimentally infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. The induction of protective immunity was attempted by first exposing adult female golden Syrian hamsters to 1, 2 or 3 doses of infective metacercariae obtained from naturally infected cyprinoid fishes and then reinfecting them with 80 metacercariae. In other experiments, animals that were infected with 50 metacercariae were treated with praziquantel prior to being rechallenged in order to eliminate the flukes that had developed from the first infection. The effect of long-term chronic infections was also studied. Faecal egg counts were determined at weekly intervals from 4-5 weeks onwards. The animals were killed 2-3 months after the last infection for worm recovery, and terminal faecal egg output/g faeces/worm was calculated. The data showed that prior infection of animals with O. viverrini did not induce significant protective immunity against reinfection by the same parasite. Lack of protection was also noted in animals reinfected several times with small doses of metacercariae. However, under certain circumstances, prior infection could result in a significant reduction in the faecal egg output due to subsequent infection.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sant Hathirat1
TL;DR: A systematic and 'industrialized' approach is necessary to get some visible impact on the health of the rural Thai population.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini, a liver fluke of man, showed an increased deposition of collagen in their livers, however, increased collagen breakdown as well as its synthesis were observed in the infected livers so stimulated synthesis might be the main factor responsible for the net increase in collagen content.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cytogenetic observations conducted on 9 strains belonging to the leucosphyrus group and their hybrids have revealed the evolutionary facts of the process of divergence among them, and 2 chromosomal polymorphisms within the species group are given.
Abstract: Cytogenetic observations conducted on 9 strains belonging to the leucosphyrus group (Colless 1956) and their hybrids have revealed the evolutionary facts of the process of divergence among them. Previous paper (Kanda et al 1981b) reported some results of hybridization among them. Three strains- Bangkok (BKK), Kanchanaburi (KCH), and Chantaburi (CTB)-from Thailand can be designated as a subspecies Anopheles balabaceesis dirus, with a small degree of divergence between the latter two strains. Two strains IMR and Kampong Sungai Ular (KSU) from Peninsular Malaysia can similarly be classified as a subspecies Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis B, while the strain Kota Belud (KTD) from Sabah with different genetic characters can be designated as a subspecies Anopheles balabacensis A. These 3 subspecies are included in the balabacensis complex. The two strains from Sarawak (SWK and SWN) were confirmed as a separate species designated as Anopheles leucosphyrus sensu stricto (Kanda et al 1981a) but with homosequential chromosome banding patterns of the leucosphyrus group (Reid 1968). A strain from Taiwan (TSG) is more closely related to CTB than KCH. There may exist some other closely related geographical populations. However, the designation of TSG as a valid species Anopheles takasagoensis distinct from balabacensis can not be confirmed due to insufficient data. Interstrain floating rearrangements of banding patterns were observed in the XR arm of KCH, IMR and CTB strain as well as in the hybrids. Additional descriptions of 2 chromosomal polymorphisms within the species group are given.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Infection of hamsters by the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini elevated liver procollagen prolyl hydroxylase activity, reflecting increased collagen biosynthesis, but this activity decreased after administration of praziquantel, and approached normal levels two weeks after treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plasmodium falciparum, Thai strain FCM-5S sensitive to sulfadoxine, was grown continuously for 1 year in a medium with a low concentration of p-aminobenzoic acid and cultivation in dialyzed and nondialyzed human serum suggested that the sulfad oxine-resistant parasite might use another serum factor in place of PABA for folate biosynthesis, thus overcoming the effect of sulfad Oxine, a PABA antagonist