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Institution

Mahidol University

EducationBangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
About: Mahidol University is a education organization based out in Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 23758 authors who have published 39761 publications receiving 878781 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The predisposing factors, clinical presentation, and outcome of severe malaria in a Karen community living on the western border of Thailand were studied over a period of 2 years, suggesting that P. vivax may attenuate the severity of P. falciparum malaria.
Abstract: The predisposing factors, clinical presentation, and outcome of severe malaria in a Karen community living on the western border of Thailand were studied over a period of 2 years. This was an area of low malaria transmission (approximately one infection per person per year), where asymptomatic malaria is unusual. In a population of 4728 persons, who had good access to facilities for malaria diagnosis and treatment, there were 2573 cases of vivax malaria, none of whom died, and there were 5776 cases of falciparum malaria, 303 (5%) of whom had severe malaria and 11 (0.2%) of whom died-a case fatality rate of 1.9 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-3.3). The risks of developing severe malaria and dying declined steadily with age. The clinical features of severe malaria differed between children and adults. Anaemia was more common in children under 5 years old than in older children and adults, whereas the incidence of cerebral involvement increased with age. Severe malaria was 3 times (95% CI 1.4-6.2) more common in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, but was 4.2 times (95% CI 2.3-7.9) less common in patients with mixed Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections than in those with P. falciparum alone, suggesting that P. vivax may attenuate the severity of P. falciparum malaria.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There are consistent differences in cardiovascular state between acute illness in malaria and recovery that prolong the electrocardiographic QT interval and have been misinterpreted as resulting from antimalarial cardiotoxicity.
Abstract: There are consistent differences in cardiovascular state between acute illness in malaria and recovery that prolong the electrocardiographic QT interval and have been misinterpreted as resulting from antimalarial cardiotoxicity. Of the different classes of antimalarial drugs, only the quinolines, and structurally related antimalarial drugs, have clinically significant cardiovascular effects. Drugs in this class can exacerbate malaria-associated orthostatic hypotension and several have been shown to delay ventricular depolarisation slightly (class 1c effect), resulting in widening of the QRS complex, but only quinidine and halofantrine have clinically significant effects on ventricular repolarisation (class 3 effect). Both drugs cause potentially dangerous QT prolongation, and halofantrine has been associated with sudden death. The parenteral quinoline formulations (chloroquine, quinine, and quinidine) are predictably hypotensive when injected rapidly, and cardiovascular collapse can occur with self-poisoning. Transiently hypotensive plasma concentrations of chloroquine can occur when doses of 5 mg base/kg or more are given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. At currently recommended doses, other antimalarial drugs do not have clinically significant cardiac effects. More information on amodiaquine, primaquine, and the newer structurally related compounds is needed.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heterogeneity of study design and analysis has confounded global surveillance of chloroquine-resistant P vivax, which is now present across most countries endemic for P v Vivax.
Abstract: Summary Background Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria in most endemic countries, but resistance is increasing. Monitoring of antimalarial efficacy is essential, but in P vivax infections the assessment of treatment efficacy is confounded by relapse from the dormant liver stages. We systematically reviewed P vivax malaria treatment efficacy studies to establish the global extent of chloroquine resistance. Methods We searched Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify studies published in English between Jan 1, 1960, and April 30, 2014, which investigated antimalarial treatment efficacy in P vivax malaria. We excluded studies that did not include supervised schizonticidal treatment without primaquine. We determined rates of chloroquine resistance according to P vivax malaria recurrence rates by day 28 whole-blood chloroquine concentrations at the time of recurrence and study enrolment criteria. Findings We identified 129 eligible clinical trials involving 21 694 patients at 179 study sites and 26 case reports describing 54 patients. Chloroquine resistance was present in 58 (53%) of 113 assessable study sites, spread across most countries that are endemic for P vivax . Clearance of parasitaemia assessed by microscopy in 95% of patients by day 2, or all patients by day 3, was 100% predictive of chloroquine sensitivity. Interpretation Heterogeneity of study design and analysis has confounded global surveillance of chloroquine-resistant P vivax , which is now present across most countries endemic for P vivax . Improved methods for monitoring of drug resistance are needed to inform antimalarial policy in these regions. Funding Wellcome Trust (UK).

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that clinical proteomics is not just a collection of studies dealing with analysis of clinical samples, but should be to address clinically relevant questions and to improve the state-of-the‐art, both in diagnosis and in therapy of diseases.
Abstract: The aim of this manuscript is to initiate a constructive discussion about the definition of clinical proteomics, study requirements, pitfalls and (potential) use. Furthermore, we hope to stimulate proposals for the optimal use of future opportunities and seek unification of the approaches in clinical proteomic studies. We have outlined our collective views about the basic principles that should be considered in clinical proteomic studies, including sample selection, choice of technology and appropriate quality control, and the need for collaborative interdisciplinary efforts involving clinicians and scientists. Furthermore, we propose guidelines for the critical aspects that should be included in published reports. Our hope is that, as a result of stimulating discussion, a consensus will be reached amongst the scientific community leading to guidelines for the studies, similar to those already published for mass spectrometric sequencing data. We contend that clinical proteomics is not just a collection of studies dealing with analysis of clinical samples. Rather, the essence of clinical proteomics should be to address clinically relevant questions and to improve the state-of-the-art, both in diagnosis and in therapy of diseases.

303 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that the monoclonal antibody CR3022 binds the RBD tightly, neutralising SARS-CoV-2 and the crystal structure at 2.4 Å of the Fab/RBD complex is reported, suggesting that CR30 22 binding facilitates conversion to the fusion-incompetent post-fusion state.

303 citations


Authors

Showing all 23819 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Nicholas J. White1611352104539
Pete Smith1562464138819
Randal J. Kaufman14049179527
Kevin Marsh12856755356
Barry M. Trost124163579501
John R. Perfect11957352325
Jon Clardy11698356617
François Nosten11477750823
Paul Turner114109961390
Paul Kubes10939341022
Ian M. Adcock10766042380
Peter H. Verburg10746434254
Guozhong Cao10469441625
Carol L. Shields102142446800
Nicholas P. J. Day10270850588
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202329
2022187
20213,386
20203,028
20192,630
20182,531