Showing papers by "Makerere University published in 1982"

Surface Properties of Sepiolite from Amboseli, Tanzania, and Its Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Decomposition

Abstract: The catalytic activity of sepiolite from Amboseli, Tanzania, for the dehydration and dehydro- genation of ethanol at 150~176 has been studied using a flow reactor. Both reactions occur, but the catalyst activity decreases with use. The products include water, carbon dioxide, ethene, ethanal (acetal- dehyde), diethyl ether, but- 1,3-diene, but-2-enal (crotonaldehyde), and an unidentified aromatic compound. The proportions change with temperature, the dehydrogenation reaction being favored at the higher tem- peratures. The BET surface areas of the sepiolite are 316 m2/g (nitrogen adsorption at - 197~ and 212 m2/g (ethanol vapor adsorption at 25~ assuming a molecular cross-sectional area of 24.6 A2), indicating a possible greater penetration of pores and channels by nitrogen compared with ethanol vapor under these conditions. The pore-size distribution reveals that approximately 55% of the surface area measured by nitrogen adsorption is contributed by micropores.

Prevalence of helminth parasites of domestic fowl (gallus domesticus) in Uganda

Abstract: A survey of helminth parasites of domestic fowl carried out in Uganda between 1977 and 1980 showed a high prevalence in both broiler and local poultry Nematodes especially Ascaridia galli and Heterakis spp were most prevalent in both groups of birds Syngamus trachea and Capillaria spp also occurred in both groups Strongyloides avium was found only in broiler birds and Gangylonema ingluvicola only in local birds Railletina spp were the only cestodes found and their prevalence was high in both groups The only trematode found, Postharmostomum commutatum, occurred only rarely and in local birds

Nutrient composition and food preferences of colobus monkeys in Kibale Forest, Uganda

Abstract: Summary Leaf parts were obtained from Celtis durandii Engl. and Markhamia platycalyx (Bak.) Sprague, two of the top ranking food-tree species of the red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles Elliot) and the black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza occidentalis Rochebrune) at Kanyawara, Kibale Forest (Uganda). Samples were taken over 12 months; these were analysed for their moisture, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fibre and lignin contents, calorific value and four selected mineral contents. Assays of Markhamia leaf blades showed a lower crude protein content than rachises and petioles but were higher in fibrous constituents. Acid detergent fibre and lignin were lowest in petioles. Celtis leaves, especially younger ones were higher in crude protein than all Markhamia leaf parts; they were also lower in fibre and lignin. The nutrient data were related to the food preferences of the colobus monkeys. It is probable that the high fibre and lignin contents of mature leaves of Celtis and of Markhamia leaf blades and rachises, rendered them less preferable as food sources than young Celtis leaves and Markhamia petioles, respectively. Besides nutrient composition, inhibitors and the availability of alternative food from trees other than Markhamia and Celtis may also affect the colobus' food preferences. Resume Des morceaux de feuille ont ete preleves sur Celtis durandii Engl. et Markhamia platycalyx (Bak.) Sprague, deux especes d'arbres favorites dans l'alimentation du colobe bai (Colobus badius tephrosceles Elliott) et du colobe magistrat (Colobus guereza occidentalis Rochebrune) a Kanyawara, dans la foret de Kibale en Ouganda. Des Cchantillons furent preleves durant 12 mois et analyses quant a I'humidite, les proteines brutes, les extraits d'ether, les detergents acides des fibres et de la lignine, la valeur calorifique et le contenu d'une selection de 4 mineraux. Des essais sur des lamelles de feuille de Markhamia montrent des contenus en proteines brutes plus faibles dans les rachis et les petioles mais plus eleves que dans les constituants fibreux. Les detergents acides des fibres et de la lignine sont plus faibles dans les petioles. Les feuilles de Celtis—surtout les jeunes—sont plus riches en proteines brutes que toutes les parties de feuille de Markhamia; elles sont aussi moins riches en fibres et en lignine. Ces donnees sont mises en relation avec les preferences alimentaires des colobes. I1 est probable que le contenu eleveen fibre et lignine dans les feuilles et les rachis matures de Celtis et les petioles de Markhamia, les rende moins appetentes comme source de nourriture que les jeunes feuilles dc (dtic. et les petioles de Mankhanzia, respectivement. Outre la composition dietetiquc, des inhibiteurs et la disponibilite de nourriture d'autres arbres peuvcnt airfsi affccter les preferences alimentaires des colobes.

Efficacy of fenbendazole against helminth parasites of poultry in Uganda.

Abstract: Fenbendazole 4% (Panacur, Hoechst) administered in feed was used to treat chickens infected withAscaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum andRailletina spp. It was also used to treatSyngamus trachea in broiler birds. There was a marked drop in helminth egg counts in the faeces on the second day of treatment and the faeces became negative by the seventh day after the last treatment. Post-mortem examination 15 to 21 days later showed that the drug was 100% effective againstAscaridia galli andHeterakis gallinarum at 10 mg/kg. However, for complete removal ofRailletina spp. 15 mg/kg was required. Similarly 20 mg/kg fenbendazole was effective againstSyngamus trachea. It was concluded that fenbendazole is suitable for the treatment of the important intestinal and tracheal worms of poultry, a dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days being recommended for use under field conditions.

Blood group, protein, and red cell enzyme polymorphisms of the Hadza of Tanzania.

Abstract: Three subpopulations of the Hadza were examined for the following antigens and proteins including enzymes A1ABH, MNS Henshaw, C c CW D Du E e V Ce, Lua, KJsa, Fy1 Fy2, Jka Jkb, Dia, Wra, haemoglobin, haptoglobin, transferrin, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. The results are discussed in relation to other African populations including the Sandawe, Nyaturu, Pygmies, San, and Khoikhoi.

Estimation of the fruit bat population in the Kampala Bat Valley, Uganda

Abstract: Summary A population estimate of fruit bats was carried out in the Kampala Bat Valley roost The model used was a single-stage systematic sampling of unequal primary units (trees) The trees were first listed in a ‘serpentine manner’ with neighbouring trees having contiguous serial numbers After a random start, every seventeenth tree was selected so that a sample of fourteen out of a total of 238 trees were counted The exercise was carried out over 3 months, January, February and March, in 1979 Information was gathered on the number of branches with bats, the number of bat clusters and cluster size From the analysis of the data, the following monthly averages were obtained: total number of bats in the colony = 70,388; average number of bats on each tree = 310; average number of clusters per branch=4; average cluster size = 78 Measures of reliability of the estimates were made The implications of these results and the conservation of the habitat are adjusted Resume Une estimation de la population de chauve-souris frugivores a ete menee dans les dortoirs devla ‘Kampala Bat Valley’ Le rnodile utilise est un echantillonnage systematique en un temps d'unites primaires inegales (les arbres) La liste des arbres fut d'abord etablie suivant un trajet en zig-zag Apres un point de depart aleatoire, on a selectionne chaque Dix-septieme arbre de telle facion qu'un echantillon de quatorze sur un total de 238 arbres fut compte Ce travail fut entrepris pendant trois mois: de janvier a mars 1979 Des informations furent recoltees sur le nombre de branches portant des chauve-souris, le nombre de grappes et la taille des grappes Les moyennes mensuelles suivantes ont pu etre obtenues par l'analyse de ces donnees: nombre total de chauve-souris dans la colonie: 70388, nombre moyen de chauve-souris sur chaque arbre: 310, nombre moyen de grappes par branche: 4, taille moyenne d'une grappe: 78 Les implications de ces resultats sur la conservation de l'habitat sont discutees

Ethnicity and Child-Rearing Practices in Uganda

Abstract: Summary This study attempted a survey of child-rearing practices among 240 mothers drawn from four ethnic groups in Uganda. In some practices there was a high degree of uniformity among the four ethnic groups; in others there were substantial differences between groups. Specifically, all respondent mothers discouraged and punished aggression and expected strict obedience. Also, mothers had much body contact with children during the early period of care and training, and the child was made to feel loved. Individual independence was particularly more valued by the Baganda than by the Iteso, Acholi, or Lugbara mothers. Also, weaning and toilet training were considered to be more permissive and casual in nature by the Baganda group than by the others.

The oviduct of the ostrichStruthio camelus massaicus

Abstract: The histology and ultrastructure of the oviduct of three ostriches are described. The ostriches were obtained at the stage just before oviposition. The oviduct wall consists of a mucous membrane carrying mucosal folds showing side branching. The pseudostratified columnar or tall simple columnar epithelium covering the lumen contains ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The ultrastructure of the two cell types and the glandular cells of the lamina propria is described. The vagina has no glands in the subepithelial connective tissue. Beyond the connective tissue, the oviduct wall has two layers of smooth musculature. The inner layer consists of circularly disposed fibres some of which continue into the subepithelial connective tissue to ultimately enter the core of the mucosal folds. The outer layer contains oblique and longitudinally arranged fibres and is peripherally bound by a serous covering.

The status of the Muslim community in Uganda

Abstract: (1982). The status of the Muslim community in Uganda. Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal: Vol. 4, No. 1-2, pp. 120-132.

Erythroneurine leafhoppers from Rwenzori National Park, Uganda (Homoptera: Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). II

Abstract: The typhlocybine leafhoppers of Rwenzori National Park, a famous game area of Uganda were partly described by Einyu & Ahmed (1979 a, b, c). The present description consists of six new species of Erythroneurini from the same area. These are Molopopterus ishashaensis, fmbecilla rhyncosiae, Accacidia kenyii, Accacidia chamburasca, Helionidia indigoferae and Lamtoana hoslundiae.