Institution
Makerere University
Education•Kampala, Uganda•
About: Makerere University is a education organization based out in Kampala, Uganda. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 7220 authors who have published 12405 publications receiving 366520 citations. The organization is also known as: Makerere University Kampala & MUK.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Predictors of self-medication with antimicrobial agents included gender, drug knowledge, drug leaflets, advice from friends, previous experience, long waiting time, and distance to the health facility.
Abstract: Self-medication with antimicrobial agents is a common form of self-care among patients globally with the prevalence and nature differing from country to country. Here we assessed the prevalence and predictors of antimicrobial self-medication in post-conflict northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was carried out using structured interviews on 892 adult (≥18 years) participants. Information on drug name, prescriber, source, cost, quantity of drug obtained, and drug use was collected. Households were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling method. One respondent who reported having an illness within three months in each household was recruited. In each household, information was obtained from only one adult individual. Data was analyzed using STATA at 95% level of significance. The study found that a high proportion (75.7%) of the respondents practiced antimicrobial self-medication. Fever, headache, lack of appetite and body weakness were the disease symptoms most treated through self-medication (30.3%). The commonly self-medicated antimicrobials were coartem (27.3%), amoxicillin (21.7%), metronidazole (12.3%), and cotrimoxazole (11.6%). Drug use among respondents was mainly initiated by self-prescription (46.5%) and drug shop attendants (57.6%). On average, participants obtained 13.9±8.8 (95%CI: 12.6-13.8) tablets/capsules of antimicrobial drugs from drug shops and drugs were used for an average of 3.7±2.8 days (95%CI: 3.3-3.5). Over half (68.2%) of the respondents would recommend self-medication to another sick person. A high proportion (76%) of respondents reported that antimicrobial self-medication had associated risks such as wastage of money (42.1%), drug resistance (33.2%), and masking symptoms of underlying disease (15.5%). Predictors of self-medication with antimicrobial agents included gender, drug knowledge, drug leaflets, advice from friends, previous experience, long waiting time, and distance to the health facility. Despite knowledge of associated risks, use of self-medication with antimicrobial drugs in management of disease symptoms is a common practice in post-conflict northern Uganda.
121 citations
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TL;DR: Given the costs and complexity of PBC implementation, strengthening conventional approaches that are better attuned to low income contexts (financing resource inputs and systems management) remains a viable policy option towards improving health service delivery.
120 citations
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TL;DR: MSM in Kampala are at substantially higher risk for HIV than the general adult male population and MSM reporting a lifetime history of homophobic abuse are at increased risk of being HIV infected.
Abstract: Background
Uganda's generalized HIV epidemic is well described, including an estimated adult male HIV prevalence in Kampala of 4.5%, but no data are available on the prevalence of and risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM).
120 citations
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Cornell University1, Rutgers University2, Ghent University3, Duke University4, Florida State University5, University of Tartu6, Tokyo University of Social Welfare7, Bunkyo Gakuin University8, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic9, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology10, Slovak Academy of Sciences11, Cayetano Heredia University12, University of Buenos Aires13, Pusan National University14, Ewha Womans University15, Jagiellonian University16, Hampshire College17, The College of New Jersey18, National University of Malaysia19, University of Paris20, Makerere University21, San Diego Community College District22, Pompeu Fabra University23, University of Lausanne24, University of Zagreb25, University of Otago26, University of Belgrade27, Susquehanna University28, Queen's University Belfast29, University of Sussex30, Sapienza University of Rome31, Peking University32, Queensland University of Technology33, University of Coimbra34, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin35, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile36, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)37
TL;DR: For instance, this article analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult).
Abstract: Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.
120 citations
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TL;DR: This study confirms a higher rate of NVPR in women with subtype D than A and further defines the pattern ofNVPR mutations that emerge 6–8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis in these subtypes.
Abstract: To compare the number and type of nevirapine (NVP) resistance mutations detected in Ugandan women with subtype A vs. D HIV-1 infection after single-dose NVP prophylaxis. In the HIVNET 012 trial a higher rate of NVP resistance (NVPR) was seen in women with subtype D than A after single-dose NVP. In this study the number and type of NVPR mutations detected 6–8 weeks after NVP were compared in women with subtypes A vs. D. Plasma samples were available for 282 (92%) of 306 women who received NVP in HIVNET 012. Samples were analyzed with the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System (Applied Biosystems Foster City CA). Subtyping was performed by phylogenetic analysis of pol region sequences. Results were obtained for 279 women including 147 with subtype A 98 with subtype D 6 with subtype C and 28 with recombinant HIV-1. NVPR mutations were detected in 70 (25%) of 279 women. NVPR was more common in women with subtype D vs. A (35.7 vs. 19% P = 0.0035). Complex patterns of NVPR mutations were detected in both subtypes. Among women with NVPR 43% of women with subtype A and 46% of women with subtype D had =2 NVPR mutations. The mean number and pattern of NVPR mutations detected in women with subtypes A and D were similar. This study confirms a higher rate of NVPR in women with subtype D than A and further defines the pattern of NVPR mutations that emerge 6–8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis in these subtypes. (authors)
120 citations
Authors
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Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Joy E Lawn | 108 | 330 | 55168 |
Philip J. Rosenthal | 104 | 824 | 39175 |
William M. Lee | 101 | 464 | 46052 |
David R. Bangsberg | 97 | 463 | 39251 |
Daniel O. Stram | 95 | 445 | 35983 |
Richard W. Wrangham | 93 | 288 | 29564 |
Colin A. Chapman | 92 | 491 | 28217 |
Ronald H. Gray | 92 | 529 | 34982 |
Donald Maxwell Parkin | 87 | 259 | 71469 |
Larry B. Goldstein | 85 | 434 | 36840 |
Paul Gepts | 78 | 263 | 19745 |
Maria J. Wawer | 77 | 357 | 27375 |
Robert M. Grant | 76 | 437 | 26835 |
Jerrold J. Ellner | 76 | 347 | 17893 |