Institution
Makerere University
Education•Kampala, Uganda•
About: Makerere University is a education organization based out in Kampala, Uganda. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 7220 authors who have published 12405 publications receiving 366520 citations. The organization is also known as: Makerere University Kampala & MUK.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This study demonstrates that gay and bisexual men in Uganda are willing to identify themselves and participate in research and recognition of gay andisexual men in local HIV prevention programs and education messages are urgently needed.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects gay and bisexual men around the world; however, little is known about this population in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a respondent-driven sampling survey of gay and bisexual men in Kampala, Uganda (N = 224). Overall, 61% reported themselves as "gay" and 39% as "bisexual". Gay and bisexual men were 92% Ugandan; 37% had unprotected receptive anal sex in the last six months, 27% were paid for sex, 18% paid for sex, 11% had history of urethral discharge. Perception that gay and bisexual men are at risk for HIV infection was low. Gay and bisexual men in Kampala are overwhelmingly Ugandan nationals from all parts of society. Recognition of gay and bisexual men in local HIV prevention programs and education messages are urgently needed. Our study demonstrates that gay and bisexual men in Uganda are willing to identify themselves and participate in research.
90 citations
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TL;DR: The GeneXpert, MODS, and the WHO algorithm have moderate to high accuracy for the diagnosis of SN-PTB, however, the accuracy of the tests is extremely variable.
Abstract: Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SN-PTB), which is common in HIV-infected patients, is difficult to diagnose using smear microscopy alone. In 2007, the WHO developed an algorithm to improve the diagnosis and management of smear-negative tuberculosis in HIV prevalent and resource constrained settings. Implementation of the algorithm required individuals with presumptive TB to be initially evaluated using two sputum microscopy examinations followed by clinical diagnosis that may include chest X-ray and antibiotic treatment in smear-negative individuals. Since that time, the WHO has endorsed several new tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, it is unclear how the new tests perform when compared to the WHO 2007 algorithm in diagnosis of SN-PTB. Using meta-analysis study design, we summarized and compared the accuracy of Xpert® MTB/Rif assay (GeneXpert) and Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay (MODS), with the WHO 2007 algorithm in the diagnosis of SN-PTB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of publications on GeneXpert, or MODS, or the WHO 2007 algorithm for diagnosis of SN-PTB, using culture as reference test was performed. Meta-Disc software was used to obtain pooled sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods. Heterogeneity in the accuracy estimates was tested by reviewing the generated forest plots, sROC curves and the Spearman correlation coefficient of the logit of true positive rate versus the logit of false positive rate. Twenty-four publications on all three diagnostic methods were meta-analyzed. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for detection of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis were 67% and 98% for GeneXpert, 73% and 91% for MODS, and 61% and 69% for WHO 2007 algorithm, respectively. The sensitivity of GeneXpert reduced from 67% to 54% when sub-group analysis of studies with patient HIV prevalence ≥30% was performed. The GeneXpert, MODS, and the WHO algorithm have moderate to high accuracy for the diagnosis of SN-PTB. However, the accuracy of the tests is extremely variable. The setting and context under which the tests are conducted in addition to several other factors could explain this variability. There is therefore need to investigate these factors further. The information from these studies would inform the adoption and placement of these new tests.
90 citations
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TL;DR: The CES-D is a suitable instrument for screening for probable major depression among pregnant women of mixed HIV status attending antenatal services in northern Uganda and performs well for HIV-infected and -uninfected women.
Abstract: There are limited data on the prevalence and approaches to screening for depression among pregnant women living in resource poor settings with high HIV burden. We studied the reliability and accuracy of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in 123 (36 HIV-infected and 87 -uninfected) pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. CES-D scores were compared to results from the psychiatrist-administered Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for current major depressive disorder (MDD), a “gold standard” for assessing depression. We employed measures of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), and criterion validity [Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive predictive value (PPV)] to evaluate the reliability and validity of the CES-D scale. 35.8% of respondents were currently experiencing an MDD, as defined from outputs of the MINI-depression module. The CES-D had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92) and good discriminatory ability in detecting MINI-defined current MDDs (AUROC = 0.82). The optimum CES-D cutoff score for the identification of probable MDD was between 16 and 17. A CES-D cutoff score of 17, corresponding to Se, Sp, and PPV values of 72.7%, 78.5%, and 76.5%, is proposed for adoption in this population and performs well for HIV-infected and -uninfected women. After adjusting for baseline differences between the HIV subgroups (maternal age and marital status), HIV-infected pregnant women scored 6.2 points higher on the CES-D than HIV-uninfected women (p = 0.032). The CES-D is a suitable instrument for screening for probable major depression among pregnant women of mixed HIV status attending antenatal services in northern Uganda.
90 citations
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University of Maragheh1, Forschungszentrum Jülich2, Agricultural Research Service3, Tarbiat Modares University4, Urmia University5, Hungarian Academy of Sciences6, University of Pannonia7, Environment Agency Abu Dhabi8, Jordan University of Science and Technology9, Claude Bernard University Lyon 110, Federal University of Pernambuco11, University of Tehran12, Makerere University13, Institut national de la recherche agronomique14, University of Paris-Sud15, IFSTTAR16, Free University of Berlin17, Vienna University of Technology18, University of Rostock19, Spanish National Research Council20, University of Valencia21, Plant & Food Research22, Czech Technical University in Prague23, University of Orléans24, Ghent University25, University of Perugia26, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária27, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad28, University of California, Merced29, University of Bonn30, University of Kiel31, Wageningen University and Research Centre32, University of Newcastle33, Isfahan University of Technology34, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur35, Beijing Normal University36, Slovak Academy of Sciences37, Central Arid Zone Research Institute38, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation39, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria40, Université catholique de Louvain41, Texas A&M University42, Aarhus University43, Shiraz University44, University of Kurdistan45, University of Tabriz46, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro47, University of Kassel48, Catholic University of Leuven49, University of Extremadura50, University of Trier51, University of Málaga52, Tottori University53, Seikei University54, New Mexico State University55, Ahmadu Bello University56, University of Twente57, University of Córdoba (Spain)58, University of Zanjan59, Ruhr University Bochum60, Tunceli University61, University of Texas at Austin62, Ludong University63
TL;DR: Rahmati et al. as mentioned in this paper presented and analyzed a novel global database of soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG)database, which covers research from 1976 to late 2017.
Abstract: . In this paper, we present and analyze a novel global database of
soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG)
database. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all
continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality
checked by the scientists who performed the experiments or they were
digitized from published articles. Data from 54 different countries were
included in the database with major contributions from Iran, China, and the USA.
In addition to its extensive geographical coverage, the collected
infiltration curves cover research from 1976 to late 2017. Basic information
on measurement location and method, soil properties, and land use was
gathered along with the infiltration data, making the database valuable for
the development of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for estimating soil hydraulic
properties, for the evaluation of infiltration measurement methods, and for
developing and validating infiltration models. Soil textural information
(clay, silt, and sand content) is available for 3842 out of 5023 infiltration
measurements ( ∼ 76%) covering nearly all soil USDA textural classes
except for the sandy clay and silt classes. Information on land use is
available for 76 % of the experimental sites with agricultural land use as
the dominant type ( ∼ 40%). We are convinced that the SWIG database
will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land
surface models and for testing infiltration models. All collected data and
related soil characteristics are provided online in
*.xlsx and *.csv formats for reference, and we add a disclaimer that the
database is for public domain use only and can be copied freely by
referencing it. Supplementary data are available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885492 (Rahmati et al., 2018). Data
quality assessment is strongly advised prior to any use of this database.
Finally, we would like to encourage scientists to extend and update the SWIG database
by uploading new data to it.
90 citations
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TL;DR: There is a high prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) among people aged 35-60 years in this setting and targeted health education to address obesity, insufficient physical activity and non-diverse diets are necessary.
Abstract: Background: Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) (i.e. diabetes and prediabetes) and its associated factors among people aged 35-60 years so as to clarify the relevance of targeted screening in rural Africa. Methods: A population-based survey of 1,497 people (786 women and 711 men) aged 35-60 years was conducted in a predominantly rural Demographic Surveillance Site in eastern Uganda. Participants responded to a lifestyle questionnaire, following which their Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) were measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured from capillary blood using On-Call® Plus (Acon) rapid glucose meters, following overnight fasting. AGR was defined as FPG ≥6.1mmol L -1 (World Health Organization (WHO) criteria or ≥5.6mmol L -1 (American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Diabetes was defined as FPG >6.9mmol L -1 , or being on diabetes treatment. Results: The mean age of participants was 45 years for men and 44 for women. Prevalence of diabetes was 7.4% (95%CI 6.1-8.8), while prevalence of pre-diabetes was 8.6% (95%CI 7.3-10.2) using WHO criteria and 20.2% (95%CI 17.5-22.9) with ADA criteria. Using WHO cut-offs, the prevalence of AGR was 2 times higher among obese persons compared with normal BMI persons (Adjusted Prevalence Rate Ratio (APRR) 1.9, 95%CI 1.3-2.8). Occupation as a mechanic, achieving the WHO recommended physical activity threshold, and higher dietary diversity were associated with lower likelihood of AGR (APRR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4-0.9; APRR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4-0.8; APRR 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9 respectively). The direct medical cost of detecting one person with AGR was two US dollars with ADA and three point seven dollars with WHO cut-offs.
90 citations
Authors
Showing all 7286 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Joy E Lawn | 108 | 330 | 55168 |
Philip J. Rosenthal | 104 | 824 | 39175 |
William M. Lee | 101 | 464 | 46052 |
David R. Bangsberg | 97 | 463 | 39251 |
Daniel O. Stram | 95 | 445 | 35983 |
Richard W. Wrangham | 93 | 288 | 29564 |
Colin A. Chapman | 92 | 491 | 28217 |
Ronald H. Gray | 92 | 529 | 34982 |
Donald Maxwell Parkin | 87 | 259 | 71469 |
Larry B. Goldstein | 85 | 434 | 36840 |
Paul Gepts | 78 | 263 | 19745 |
Maria J. Wawer | 77 | 357 | 27375 |
Robert M. Grant | 76 | 437 | 26835 |
Jerrold J. Ellner | 76 | 347 | 17893 |