Institution
Makerere University
Education•Kampala, Uganda•
About: Makerere University is a education organization based out in Kampala, Uganda. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 7220 authors who have published 12405 publications receiving 366520 citations. The organization is also known as: Makerere University Kampala & MUK.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The changing epidemiology of paediatric HIV and the particular features of HIV infection in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are discussed.
Abstract: Summary Worldwide, more than three million children are infected with HIV, 90% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. As the HIV epidemic matures and antiretroviral treatment is scaled up, children with HIV are reaching adolescence in large numbers. The growing population of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection living within this region presents not only unprecedented challenges but also opportunities to learn about the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In this Review, we discuss the changing epidemiology of paediatric HIV and the particular features of HIV infection in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Longstanding HIV infection acquired when the immune system is not developed results in distinctive chronic clinical complications that cause severe morbidity. As well as dealing with chronic illness, HIV-infected adolescents have to confront psychosocial issues, maintain adherence to drugs, and learn to negotiate sexual relationships, while undergoing rapid physical and psychological development. Context-specific strategies for early identification of HIV infection in children and prompt linkage to care need to be developed. Clinical HIV care should integrate age-appropriate sexual and reproductive health and psychological, educational, and social services. Health-care workers will need to be trained to recognise and manage the needs of these young people so that the increasing numbers of children surviving to adolescence can access quality care beyond specialist services at low-level health-care facilities.
372 citations
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National Institutes of Health1, Ghent University2, Tarbiat Modares University3, Pusan National University4, Ewha Womans University5, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile6, University of Tartu7, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)8, Sapienza University of Rome9, University of California, Riverside10, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic11, University of Zagreb12, Rutgers University13, University of Coimbra14, Slovak Academy of Sciences15, Queen's University Belfast16, University of Otago17, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin18, University of Buenos Aires19, Susquehanna University20, National University of Malaysia21, Iwate Prefectural University22, Makerere University23, Andhra University24, University of Lausanne25, Queensland University of Technology26, Bunkyo Gakuin University27, Jagiellonian University28, University of Sussex29, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology30
TL;DR: The authors found that cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes, and these associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes.
Abstract: College students (N=3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.
363 citations
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TL;DR: Deferring ART for 5 weeks after the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was associated with significantly improved survival, as compared with initiating ART at 1 to 2 weeks, especially among patients with a paucity of white cells in cerebrospinal fluid.
Abstract: Supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases (NIAID; U01AI089244, K23AI073192,
T32AI055433, and K24AI096925), the Wellcome Trust (081667
and 098316 and the
Veterans Affairs Research Service
360 citations
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TL;DR: The SASA! study assessed the community-level impact of SASA!, a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence and reduce HIV-risk behaviors in Kampala, Uganda, and found that women experiencing violence in intervention communities were more likely to receive supportive community responses.
Abstract: Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are important and interconnected public health concerns. While it is recognized that they share common social drivers, there is limited evidence surrounding the potential of community interventions to reduce violence and HIV risk at the community level. The SASA! study assessed the community-level impact of SASA!, a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence and reduce HIV-risk behaviors. Methods: From 2007 to 2012 a pair-matched cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) was conducted in eight communities (four intervention and four control) in Kampala, Uganda. Cross-sectional surveys of a random sample of community members, 18- to 49-years old, were undertaken at baseline (n = 1,583) and four years post intervention implementation (n = 2,532). Six violence and HIV-related primary outcomes were defined ap riori .A n adjusted cluster-level intention-to-treat analysis compared outcomes in intervention and control communities at follow-up. Results: The intervention was associated with significantly lower social acceptance of IPV among women (adjusted risk ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.79) and lower acceptance among men (0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.15); significantly greater acceptance that a woman can refuse sex among women (1.28, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and men (1.31, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.70); 52% lower past year experience of physical IPV among women (0.48, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.39); and lower levels of past year experience of sexual IPV (0.76, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.72). Women experiencing violence in intervention communities were more likely to receive supportive community responses. Reported past year sexual concurrency by men was signi ficantly lower in intervention compared to control communities (0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.91). Conclusions: This is the first CRT in sub-Saharan Africa to assess the community impact of a mobilization program on the social acceptability of IPV, the past year prevalence of IPV and levels of sexual concurrency. SASA! achieved important community impacts, and is now being delivered in control communities and replicated in 15 countries. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT00790959, Study protocol available at http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/13/1/96
359 citations
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Bruce M Biccard1, Thandinkosi E. Madiba2, Hyla-Louise Kluyts3, Dolly M. Munlemvo +1059 more•Institutions (18)
TL;DR: Despite a low-risk profile and few postoperative complications, patients in Africa were twice as likely to die after surgery when compared with the global average for postoperative deaths, and Initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments in Africa should be coupled with improved surveillance for deteriorating physiology in patients who develop postoperative complication.
353 citations
Authors
Showing all 7286 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Joy E Lawn | 108 | 330 | 55168 |
Philip J. Rosenthal | 104 | 824 | 39175 |
William M. Lee | 101 | 464 | 46052 |
David R. Bangsberg | 97 | 463 | 39251 |
Daniel O. Stram | 95 | 445 | 35983 |
Richard W. Wrangham | 93 | 288 | 29564 |
Colin A. Chapman | 92 | 491 | 28217 |
Ronald H. Gray | 92 | 529 | 34982 |
Donald Maxwell Parkin | 87 | 259 | 71469 |
Larry B. Goldstein | 85 | 434 | 36840 |
Paul Gepts | 78 | 263 | 19745 |
Maria J. Wawer | 77 | 357 | 27375 |
Robert M. Grant | 76 | 437 | 26835 |
Jerrold J. Ellner | 76 | 347 | 17893 |