Makerere University

About: Makerere University is a education organization based out in Kampala, Uganda. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 7220 authors who have published 12405 publications receiving 366520 citations. The organization is also known as: Makerere University Kampala & MUK.

Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition: reanalysis using marginal structural modeling.

Abstract: During the HC-HIV Study more than 30% of participants switched their contraceptive method. The decision to switch contraceptive use was found to be associated with participants’ use of condoms, their sexual behavioral risk, and their partners’ behavioral risks – all risk factors for HIV acquisition in the HC-HIV Study dataset. Furthermore, these HIV risk factors changed over time and may both predict subsequent hormonal contraceptive use and be predicted by past hormonal contraceptive exposure and thus were found to be time-dependent confounders. Use of conventional Cox proportional hazard regression modeling as applied in the original analysis [1] cannot satisfactorily adjust for

Combinations of Host Biomarkers Predict Mortality among Ugandan Children with Severe Malaria: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Abstract: Background Severe malaria is a leading cause of childhood mortality in Africa. However, at presentation, it is difficult to predict which children with severe malaria are at greatest risk of death. Dysregulated host inflammatory responses and endothelial activation play central roles in severe malaria pathogenesis. We hypothesized that biomarkers of these processes would accurately predict outcome among children with severe malaria.

Factors Determining the Heterogeneity of Malaria Incidence in Children in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract: Background. Malaria risk may be heterogeneous in urban areas of Africa. Identifying those at highest risk for malaria may lead to more targeted approaches to malaria control. Methods. A representative sample of 558 children aged 1-10 years were recruited from a census population in a single parish of Kampala and followed up for 2 years. Malaria was diagnosed when a child presented with a new episode of fever and a thick blood smear positive for parasites. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of malaria incidence. Results. A total of 695 episodes of uncomplicated malaria were diagnosed after 901 person years of follow-up. Sickle cell trait (relative risk [RR], 0.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.52-0.90]), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in female children (RR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.31-0.75]), and use of an insecticide-treated bed net (RR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.32-0.83]) were associated with a lower risk of malaria. The distance of the subject's residence from a swamp bordering the parish showed a strong "dose-response" relationship; living in the swamp was the strongest predictor of malaria risk (RR, 3.94 [95% CI, 2.61-5.97]). Conclusion. Malaria incidence was highly heterogeneous in this urban cohort of children. Malaria control interventions in urban areas should target populations living in pockets of high malaria risk.