Manchester Metropolitan University

About: Manchester Metropolitan University is a education organization based out in Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5435 authors who have published 16202 publications receiving 442561 citations. The organization is also known as: Manchester Polytechnic & MMU.

Emerging themes in management control: a review of recent literature

Abstract: This review starts from the lines of enquiry suggested by Otley et al. [Otley, D.T., Broadbent, J.M., Berry, A.J., 1995. Research in management control: an overview of its development. British Journal of Management 6, S31–S34] and develops these themes in the light of more recently published research. Hence this review is structured around the following emerging themes; Decision making for Strategic Control; Performance Management for Strategic Control; Control Models for Performance Management and Measurement; Management Control and New Forms of Organisation; Control and Risk; Culture and Control; and Practice and Theory. Whilst research has been evident in all of these areas, relatively little attention has been paid to information and communication technologies and its impact upon control system design and capability, nor did we find much literature on control and gender, or on control and sustainability. Further there has been relatively little research on control and risk or upon control and culture. The limitations of overarching frameworks are noted and we conclude that it seems essential to place more emphasis on research which attends to the relationship of control practices and theory which will require more embedded and collaborative research processes.

Visual Search Strategy, Selective Attention, and Expertise in Soccer

Abstract: This research examined the relationship between visual search strategy, selective attention, and expertise in soccer. Experienced (h = 12) and less experienced (n = 12) soccer players moved in response to filmed offensive sequences. Experiment 1 examined differences in search strategy between the two groups, using an eye movement registration system. Experienced players demonstrated superior anticipation in 3-on-3 and 1-on-l soccer simulations. There were no differences in search strategy in 3-on-3 situations. In 1-on-1 simulations, the experienced players had a higher search rate, involving more fixations of shorter duration, and fixated for longer on the hip region, indicating that this area was important in anticipating an opponent's movements. Experiment 2 examined the relationship between visual fixation and selective attention, using a spatial occlusion approach. In 3-on-3 situations, masking information “pick up” from areas other than the ball or ball passer had a more detrimental effect o...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: an overview of bioanalytical applications

Abstract: The application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has increased dramatically in the past few years due to its ability to elucidate a plethora of physical and electronic properties of electrochemical systems such as diffusion coefficients, electron transfer rate constants, adsorption mechanisms, charge transfer resistances, capacitances and pore sizes. This review provides a short introduction to the fundamental principles of EIS before exploring the many exciting and pertinent analytical applications regarding the numerous methods in biosensing, the application of EIS with graphene based materials and last, the use of EIS with screen printed electrodes.

Effect of strength training on human patella tendon mechanical properties of older individuals

Abstract: This study investigated the effect of strength training on the mechanical properties of the human patella tendon of older individuals. Subjects were assigned to training (n = 9; age 74.3 +/- 3.5 years, body mass 69.7 +/- 14.8 kg and height 163.4 +/- 9.1 cm, mean +/- S.D.) and control (n = 9; age 67.1 +/- 2 years, body mass 73.5 +/- 14.9 kg and height 168.3 +/- 11.5 cm) groups. Strength training (two series of 10 repetitions at 80 % of five-repetition maximum) was performed three times per week for 14 weeks using leg extension and leg press exercises. Measurements of tendon elongation during a ramp isometric knee extension were performed before and after training and control periods in vivo using ultrasonography. Training caused a decreased tendon elongation and strain at all levels of force and stress (P 0.05). This study shows for the first time that strength training in old age increases the stiffness and Young's modulus of human tendons. This may reduce the risk of tendon injury in old age and has implications for contractile force production and the rapid execution of motor tasks.