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Institution

Manchester Metropolitan University

EducationManchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
About: Manchester Metropolitan University is a education organization based out in Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5435 authors who have published 16202 publications receiving 442561 citations. The organization is also known as: Manchester Polytechnic & MMU.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is proposed that framboidal pyrite precipitated from iron-dominated porewaters at sites of sulfide supply (i.e. in the region of organic matter as a result of bacterial sulfate reduction) where, locally, sulfide production rates were high enough for porewater to reach supersaturation with respect to FeS.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that conditioning is a relevant property and not an artefact associated with in vitro testing and has implications for joint kinematics and muscle excursion.
Abstract: Isolated tendons subjected to cyclic tensile loads higher than those experienced in the tendons' recent history exhibit 'conditioning', i.e. gradually increasing elongations upon loading and gradually increasing residual elongations after unloading in the first few loading-unloading cycles. The present study examines whether this behaviour is a measurement artefact or an actual time-dependent property. The gastrocnemius tendons of six men who refrained from rigorous physical activities prior to the experiment were loaded cyclically by 10 repeated isometric plantarflexion contractions at 80% of the moment generated during plantarflexion maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). In each contraction, the elongation of the gastrocnemius tendon at 80% of MVC and the residual tendon elongation after relaxation were obtained from the analysis of sonographs recorded during the test. The tendon elongation during activation and the residual tendon elongation after relaxation increased by ca. 5 mm from the first contraction to the tenth contraction, with no changes obtained after the fifth contraction. The behaviour of the tendon in the first five contractions indicates the presence of conditioning. It is therefore concluded that conditioning is a relevant property and not an artefact associated with in vitro testing. This has implications for joint kinematics and muscle excursion.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine under-researched psychological and environmental factors related to entrepreneurial motivation and intention, and explore the links between risk perception (risk as opportunity and risk as threat), economic context (in a recession), entrepreneurial motivation (personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control) and intention for new venture creation.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine under-researched psychological and environmental factors related to entrepreneurial motivation and intention. This helps us to explore the links between risk perception (risk as opportunity and risk as threat), economic context (in a recession), entrepreneurial motivation (personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control) and intention for new venture creation. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 619 individuals from two European countries, Spain and Great Britain, is studied. A range of control variables have been considered, including demographics, human/social capital and country effects. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationships among the model constructs. Findings – The structural model broadly holds and adequately fits the data. Entrepreneurial risk perception is strongly linked with entrepreneurial motivation. Entrepreneurial motivation, in turn, is strongly linked with entrepreneurial intention. It suggests, therefo...

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Retrospective assessments of global species extinction risk can help conservationists identify which conservation policies and strategies are or are not helping safeguard biodiversity and thus can improve future strategies.
Abstract: Assessing temporal changes in species extinction risk is necessary for measuring conservation success or failure and for directing conservation resources toward species or regions that would benefit most. Yet, there is no long-term picture of genuine change that allows one to associate species extinction risk trends with drivers of change or conservation actions. Through a review of 40 years of IUCN-related literature sources on species conservation status (e.g., action plans, red-data books), we assigned retrospective red-list categories to the world's carnivores and ungulates (2 groups with relatively long generation times) to examine how their extinction risk has changed since the 1970s. We then aggregated species' categories to calculate a global trend in their extinction risk over time. A decline in the conservation status of carnivores and ungulates was underway 40 years ago and has since accelerated. One quarter of all species (n = 498) moved one or more categories closer to extinction globally, while almost half of the species moved closer to extinction in Southeast Asia. The conservation status of some species improved (toward less threatened categories), but for each species that improved in status 8 deteriorated. The status of large-bodied species, particularly those above 100 kg (including many iconic taxa), deteriorated significantly more than small-bodied species (below 10 kg). The trends we found are likely related to geopolitical events (such as the collapse of Soviet Union), international regulations (such as CITES), shifting cultural values, and natural resource exploitation (e.g., in Southeast Asia). Retrospective assessments of global species extinction risk reduce the risk of a shifting baseline syndrome, which can affect decisions on the desirable conservation status of species. Such assessments can help conservationists identify which conservation policies and strategies are or are not helping safeguard biodiversity and thus can improve future strategies.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Jun 2008-Ibis
TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability of point count distance methods for estimating densities of tropical parrots and hornbills was assessed during surveys in Indonesia, and the authors concluded that point counts are likely to be less biased than line transects because bird detection rates close to the recorder may be higher and there may be less chance of double counting.
Abstract: The suitability of point count distance methods for estimating densities of tropical parrots and hornbills was assessed during surveys in Indonesia. The methods will perform well, so long as the following are considered. (1) Enough bird records must be accumulated to model species' detection curves precisely. For some species, around 2000 point counts may be needed and, in very rare species, the method may not be appropriate. Pooling data across habitats, species or years may increase precision in cases of small sample size. (2) Point counts are likely to be less biased than line transects because bird detection rates close to the recorder may be higher and there may be less chance of double-counting birds. Distances greater than 400 m between census points are unnecessary. (3) Count periods lasting ten minutes may be needed to ensure that most birds close to the recorder are detected. Controlled flushing of concealed birds after the main count period may also be appropriate. (4) The best time of day for census is the period when bird detectability is high but bird mobility low. For many large avian frugivores, this corresponds to the period between one hour after dawn and 10.30 h. (5) Records of flying birds must be excluded from density calculations. In the species studied, between 2% and 20% should be added to density estimates to compensate for the exclusion of flying birds.

119 citations


Authors

Showing all 5608 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
David T. Felson153861133514
João Carvalho126127877017
Andrew M. Jones10376437253
Michael C. Carroll10039934818
Mark Conner9837947672
Richard P. Bentall9443130580
Michael Wooldridge8754350675
Lina Badimon8668235774
Ian Parker8543228166
Kamaruzzaman Sopian8498925293
Keith Davids8460425038
Richard Baker8351422970
Joan Montaner8048922413
Stuart Robert Batten7832524097
Craig E. Banks7756927520
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202350
2022471
20211,600
20201,341
20191,110
20181,076