Institution
Manchester Metropolitan University
Education•Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom•
About: Manchester Metropolitan University is a education organization based out in Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5435 authors who have published 16202 publications receiving 442561 citations. The organization is also known as: Manchester Polytechnic & MMU.
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TL;DR: The present study shows that the relative PCSA composition of the TS is maintained with ageing and that the PCSA is scaled down harmonically with the decrease in muscle volume and fascicle length.
Abstract: Aim: To investigate whether sarcopenia was evenly distributed among the three components of the triceps surae (TS) muscle group.
Methods: Muscle volume (VOL), fibre fascicle length (Lf), pennation angle (θ) and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA = VOL/Lf) were measured in vivo for the lateral (GL) and medial (GM) heads of the gastrocnemius muscles and for the soleus muscle (SOL), in 15 young males (YM, aged 25.3 ± 4.5 years) and 12 elderly males (EM aged 73.8 ± 4.4 years).
Results: In the EM, VOL of all three muscles was significantly smaller than in the YM; differences were: 27% for the GL (P < 0.01), 29% for the GM (P < 0.01) and 17% for the SOL (P < 0.05). In total, TS VOL was 22% smaller in EM than in YM (P < 0.01). In the EM, values of θ were significantly smaller than in the YM; by 15–18% for the GL, GM and SOL (P < 0.05). In the EM, Lf of the GM was 16% smaller than in the YM (P < 0.01); no significant differences were found in the other muscles. PCSA of the GL and GM were both found to be smaller in EM by 19% (P < 0.01) and 14.5% (P < 0.05), respectively. No difference was observed in the SOL PCSA between YM and EM. Interestingly, probably because of the prevalent contribution of the SOL to PCSA distribution of each muscle to the TS PCSA, the relative TS PCSA was not different between YM and EM. Furthermore, the Lf/muscle length ratio did not differ between YM and EM.
Conclusion: The present study shows that the relative PCSA composition of the TS is maintained with ageing and that the PCSA is scaled down harmonically with the decrease in muscle volume and fascicle length. Such observation suggests that the relative contribution of the components of the TS muscle to the total force developed by this muscle group is maintained with ageing.
196 citations
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TL;DR: Phosphorylation of the CD44 receptor results in an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to the activation of a cytoplasmic cascade and cell proliferation; this concurs with previous work, which showed that o-HA-induced proliferation of endothelial cells is CD44-receptor-mediated and accompanied by early response gene activation.
196 citations
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TL;DR: A new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world is described and assessed.
Abstract: Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines We describe and assess a new database of more than 16 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – wwwpredictsorguk) We make site-level summary data available alongside this article The full database will be publicly available in 2015
196 citations
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TL;DR: This conceptual paper explores the principles of storytelling, evaluates the use of storytelling techniques in education in general, acknowledges the role of storytelling in healthcare delivery, identifies some of the skills learned and benefits derived from storytelling, and speculates upon theUse of storytelling strategies in nurse education.
195 citations
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TL;DR: The co-administration of HSP inhibitors together with other anti-tumor agents is of major importance in overcoming therapeutic resistance in autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases with special emphasis on cancer.
193 citations
Authors
Showing all 5608 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David T. Felson | 153 | 861 | 133514 |
João Carvalho | 126 | 1278 | 77017 |
Andrew M. Jones | 103 | 764 | 37253 |
Michael C. Carroll | 100 | 399 | 34818 |
Mark Conner | 98 | 379 | 47672 |
Richard P. Bentall | 94 | 431 | 30580 |
Michael Wooldridge | 87 | 543 | 50675 |
Lina Badimon | 86 | 682 | 35774 |
Ian Parker | 85 | 432 | 28166 |
Kamaruzzaman Sopian | 84 | 989 | 25293 |
Keith Davids | 84 | 604 | 25038 |
Richard Baker | 83 | 514 | 22970 |
Joan Montaner | 80 | 489 | 22413 |
Stuart Robert Batten | 78 | 325 | 24097 |
Craig E. Banks | 77 | 569 | 27520 |