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Showing papers by "Manipal University published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of curcumin, a natural antioxidant from turmeric, to inhibit radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes was examined and it was observed that the antioxidant has significant time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on lipid per oxidation induced by r-radiation.

99 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The toxicity of the drug was reduced and the antitumor efficacy was enhanced on complexation with betacyclodextrin.
Abstract: Inclusion complex of plumbagin was prepared with betacyclodextrin employing neutralization method. The toxicity of the drug was reduced and the antitumor efficacy was enhanced on complexation with betacyclodextrin.

46 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A strong positive correlation was found between spore density and number of species: relative abundance and frequency of occurrence of AM fungal spores in rhizosphere of 12 plant species growing on sand dunes in the west coast of India during post-monsoon season.
Abstract: Root colonization and spore density of arbuscular mycorrhiz al fungi in the rhizosphere of 12 plant species growing on sand dunes in the west coast of India were studied during post-monsoon season. Borreria articularis , Ipomoea pescaprae and Launaca sarmentosa were dominant plant species on the dunes. The level of AM fungal root colonization ranged from 34 to 80 percent. Highest number of vesicles and arbuscules were found in I. pes-caprae and Emelia sanchifolia respectively. Except for I. pes - caprae , AM fungal spores were found in the rhizosphere of all plants. The mean Spore density was 0.75 g -1 . Out of a total of 16 species of AM fungi, nine species belonged to genus Glomus . Among the spore communities, Gigaspora ramisporophora , Glomus albidum , Glomus clarum and Scutellispora gregaria were dominant. Glomus albidum colonized all plant species except I. pes -caprae . Five species of AM fungal spores were recorded from non-vegetated dune adjacent to vegetated dune, of them Glomus albidum and Glomus lacteum were abundant. A strong positive correlation was found between spore density and number of species: relative abundance and frequency of occurrence of AM fungal spores in rhizophere.

33 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: No relation was found between microbial growth inhibition and phenolic content of algae and the inhibitory activities of acetone extracts of distal and proximal parts of Chaetomorpha antennina of summer.
Abstract: Acetone and ethanol extracts of five marine algae namely Caulerpa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha antennina, Cladophora fascicularis, Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria corticata collected from two locations in three seasons were tested for the growth inhibition of five bacteria and three fungi. Caulerpa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha antennina and Gracilaria corticata exhibited considerable inhibition against bacterium Bacillus subtilis and yeast Candida albicans. Distal parts of algae of summer season showed good inhibitory activity. None of the algal extracts inhibited bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. A significant difference (p<0.01, ANOVA) in antibacterial activity of the extracts of Chaetomorpha antennina was found in different seasons. Significant difference (p<0.001, ANOVA) was also found in the inhibitory activities of acetone extracts of distal and proximal parts of Chaetomorpha antennina of summer. No relation was found between microbial growth inhibition and phenolic content of algae.

32 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A partial thickness reproducible 2 degrees C burn wound has been produced using hot molten wax, which could be used to monitor wound contraction and epithelization in burn wounds.
Abstract: Simple burn wound models are always warranted. In view of this a partial thickness reproducible 2 degrees C burn wound has been produced using hot molten wax. This model is simple, convenient, and could be used to monitor wound contraction and epithelization in burn wounds.

32 citations


Journal Article
U. V. Singh, KS Bisht, Satish Rao, Devi P Uma, Nayanabhirama Udupa1 
TL;DR: The toxicity of PLB was reduced in mice after subcutaneous injection of the gel containing PLB compared to plain PLB, indicating that the gel implant could be an effective drug delivery system for reducing toxicity and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy ofPLB.
Abstract: Objective: To prepare poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) injectable gel implant for the delivery of plumbagin (PLB) to reduce the toxicity and enhance the antitumour efficacy. Method: PLGA was dissolved in triacetin and PLB was dissolved in this. A gel matrix was formed immediately on contact with aqueous fluid. In vitro release studies were carried out in phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4. Acute toxicity studies were performed in normal BALB/c mice and antitumour efficacy in BALB/c mice bearing Sarcoma-180 tumour. LD50 and volume doubling time (VDT) values for plain PLB and gel implant injection was found after subcutaneous injection. Results: In vitro release of PLB was observed for a week. It was dependent on the concentration of PLGA used. The LD50 for plain PLB and gel Implant was found to be 8.60 mg/kg and 9.33 mg/kg. VDT for plain PLB and gel implant was found to be 6.5n 0.9 days and 11.5 n 0.5 days respectively. Conclusion: The toxicity of PLB was reduced in mice after subcutaneous injection of the gel containing PLB compared to plain PLB. The VDT was significantly higher for the gel compared to plain PLB. Thus the gel implant could be an effective drug delivery system for reducing toxicity and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of PLB.

13 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Fifty mastectomy specimens of carcinoma breast were studied for pattern of mast cell distribution in their axillary lymph nodes and the mast cells in metastatic nodes were found mainly at the edges of tumour deposits.
Abstract: The mast cell profile in the axillary lymph nodes of 50 consecutive women with breast cancer treated by modified radical mastectomy was investigated in a study conducted at Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore India) in 1992-94. 33 of these women showed axillary lymph node metastasis while the remaining 17 exhibited nodes with reactive changes. 20 women (60.61%) with metastasis had fewer than five enlarged nodes. Metastasis was detected in all enlarged axillary nodes. In the women with reactive changes 12 (70.59%) had fewer than five enlarged nodes. Mast cell counts were higher in women with sinus histiocytosis and reactive hyperplasia of the nodes than in women with metastasis. The mean mast cell count was 28.97/sq. mm in nodes with metastasis. In the presence of metastasis to any of the lymph nodes or in all enlarged lymph nodes the mean mast cell count decreased to 25.64/sq. mm and 23.55/sq. mm respectively. Mean mast cell count was lowest (10.50/sq. mm) in metaplastic carcinoma. Most mast cells were distributed around the tumor deposits. The role of mast cells in lymph node reactions in breast cancer patients merits further study.

12 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It was evident from this study, that, Poly-E-Caprolactone film was more promising for the development of a bioerodable, long acting contraceptive formulation.
Abstract: Subdermal implantable films of Centchroman were prepared using Poly-E-Caprolactone and Cellulose polymers. They were evaluated for physico-chemical characteristics, in vitro drug release profiles in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4), stability on storage at room temperature, 37o and 82.5% relative humidity and light exposure. In vivo anti-fertility activity of Poly-E-Caprolactone film was evaluated in female albino rats by implanting the film in the flank region. It was evident from this study, that, Poly-E-Caprolactone film was more promising for the development of a bioerodable, long acting contraceptive formulation.

8 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The antitumour efficacy in mice bearing sarcoma-180 was improved as revealed by the volume doubling time and the drug plasma levels were sustained for more than 2 weeks.
Abstract: Injectable gel implants using poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) for methotrexate were prepared. In-vitro release was observed for 10–12 days and was dependent on PLGA concentration. The antitumour efficacy in mice bearing sarcoma-180 was improved as revealed by the volume doubling time. The drug plasma levels were sustained for more than 2 weeks.

6 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The in vitro dissolution studies showed that the release could be controlled for 2 weeks by the vial method and the stability of the drug was better by encapsulation.
Abstract: Gentamicin sulphate loaded albumin, chitosan and poly (dl-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared. The in vitro dissolution studies showed that the release could be controlled for 2 weeks by the vial method. The stability of the drug was better by encapsulation. The nasal absorption of the drug from these microspheres was about 60 percent.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The dissolution and diffusion ofThese drugs were delayed and the stability at various accelerated stability conditions was improved on entrappment of these drugs in alginates.
Abstract: Microspheres containing norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin using Sodium and calcium alginates were prepared and the possible drug-excipient chemical interaction was evaluated by various spectral methods. There was no chemical interaction between these drugs and the alginates. The dissolution and diffusion of these drugs were delayed and the stability at various accelerated stability conditions was improved on entrappment of these drugs in alginates.


Journal Article
TL;DR: Clinical studies of 34 herbal drugs used in topical application meant for medical and cosmetic purposes found the role of these plant drugs in the etiology of contact dermatitis.
Abstract: A number of plant drugs are used in topical application meant for medical and cosmetic purposes. Many of such recommended drugs have been reported to cause contact dermatitis which fact is well supported by clinical studies. To find out the role of these plant drugs in the etiology of contact dermatitis, clinical studies of 34 such herbal drugs were carried out.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a solid dispersion of methotrexate (MTX) was prepared using natural polymer egg albumin and the in vitro release of MTX was faster from solid dispersions.
Abstract: Solid dispersion of methotrexate (MTX) was prepared using natural polymer egg albumin. The in vitro release of MTX was faster from solid dispersions. The interaction in solid state as revealed by XRD and DSC showed that the crystallinity of the drug was affected. It is predicted that there may be complex formulation between the two components.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Biodegradable films of Methotrexate using Poly (E caprolactone) were prepared and the in vitro release was enhanced on incorporation of Poly (glycolic acid) and histopathological studies showed no deleterious effects at the site of implantation.
Abstract: Biodegradable films of Methotrexate using Poly (E caprolactone) were prepared. The in vitro release was enhanced on incorporation of Poly (glycolic acid). The in vivo degradation of the polymer was faster compared to the in vivo drug release. The histopathological studies showed no deleterious effects at the site of implantation.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Experimental evidences are offered in this article for the popular medicinal use of some umbelliferous herbs.
Abstract: Experimental evidences are offered in this article for the popular medicinal use of some umbelliferous herbs.