Manipal University

About: Manipal University is a education organization based out in Manipal, Karnataka, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 9525 authors who have published 11207 publications receiving 110687 citations.

Gene Expression Profiling of Gastric Cancer.

Abstract: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, both in men and women. A genomewide gene expression analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues as compared to adjacent normal tissues. We used Agilent's whole human genome oligonucleotide microarray platform representing ~41,000 genes to carry out gene expression analysis. Two-color microarray analysis was employed to directly compare the expression of genes between tumor and normal tissues. Through this approach, we identified several previously known candidate genes along with a number of novel candidate genes in gastric cancer. Testican-1 (SPOCK1) was one of the novel molecules that was 10-fold upregulated in tumors. Using tissue microarrays, we validated the expression of testican-1 by immunohistochemical staining. It was overexpressed in 56% (160/282) of the cases tested. Pathway analysis led to the identification of several networks in which SPOCK1 was among the topmost networks of interacting genes. By gene enrichment analysis, we identified several genes involved in cell adhesion and cell proliferation to be significantly upregulated while those corresponding to metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study are candidate biomarkers for gastric adenoacarcinoma.

Parallel strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm-II based image encryption

Abstract: In recent years, many image encryption approaches have been proposed on the basis of chaotic maps. The various types of chaotic maps such as one-dimensional and multi-dimensional have been used to generate the secret keys. Chaotic maps require some parameters and value assignment to these parameters is very crucial. Because, poor value assignments may make the chaotic map un-chaotic. Therefore, hyper-parameter tuning of chaotic maps is required. Recently, meta-heuristic based image encryption approaches have been designed by researchers to resolve this issue. However, the majority of the techniques suffer from poor computational speed and stuck in local optima problems. Therefore, in this study, a strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm-II based meta-heuristic approach is proposed to tune the hyper-parameters of the four-dimensional chaotic map. The proposed approach is also implemented in a parallel fashion to enhance the computational speed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated through extensive experiments. Comparative analyses show that the proposed approach outperforms the competitive approaches in terms of entropy, NPCR, UACI, and PSNR by 0.9834 , 1.0728 , 0.9134 , and 0.8971 % , respectively.

Role of Actin Dependent Nuclear Deformation in Regulating Early Gene Expression

Abstract: The nucleus of a living cell is constantly undergoing changes in shape and size as a result of various mechanical forces in physiology. These changes correlate with alterations in gene expression, however it is unclear whether nuclear deformation alone is sufficient to elicit these alterations. We used T-cell activation as a model system to test the coupling between nuclear deformation (elongation) and gene expression. Naive T-cell activation with surrogate antigens resulted in actin dependent nuclear elongation. This was accompanied with Erk and NF-κB signaling to the nucleus to induce CD69 expression. Importantly, inhibiting actin polymerization abolished both nuclear elongation and CD69 expression, while inhibiting Erk, NF-κB or microtubule depolymerization only abolished expression but not elongation. Immobilization of antigen-coated beads, under conditions where actin polymerization was inhibited, rescued both nuclear elongation and CD69 expression. In addition, fibroblast cells plated on fibronectin micropatterns of different sizes showed correlation between nuclear shape index and tenascin C expression. Upon inhibiting the signaling intermediate Erk, tenascin C expression was down regulated although the nuclear shape index remained unaltered. Our results highlight the importance of specific signaling intermediates accompanied with nuclear deformation in the modulation of cellular genomic programs.