Manipal University

About: Manipal University is a education organization based out in Manipal, Karnataka, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 9525 authors who have published 11207 publications receiving 110687 citations.

Effect of adjunctive use of green tea dentifrice in periodontitis patients - A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Abstract: Objectives: Green tea is known to possess antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effect of a locally prepared green tea dentifrice on specific parameters assessing gingival inflammation and severity of periodontal disease, when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the management of chronic periodontitis by comparing with a fluoride–triclosan-containing control dentifrice. Materials and methods: Thirty patients, with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis, were randomly allocated into two treatment groups, ‘test’ and ‘control’ after initial SRP. The test group was given green tea dentifrice with instructions on method of brushing, while the control group received a commercially available fluoride and triclosan containing dentifrice. Clinical parameters of Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) along with biochemical parameters of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were recorded at baseline line and 4 weeks post-SRP. Results: Intragroup analysis at 4 weeks showed statistically significant improvements of GI, PI, BOP, PD, CAL and TAOC in both groups. GST activity however, was increased only in the test group. At the end of the study period, the test group showed statistically significant improvements in GI, BOP, CAL, TAOC and GST levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: On comparison with fluoride–triclosan dentifrice, green tea showed greater reduction of gingival inflammation and improved periodontal parameters. Green tea dentifrice may serve as a beneficial adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride.

Abstract: A novel, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride. The method involved solving simultaneous equations based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 242 nm and 231 nm, the gamma max of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 10-50 mug/ml and 8-24 mug/ml for ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride respectively. Results of the method were validated statistically and by recovery studies.

Pluronic stabilized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of curcumin

Abstract: Pluronic stabilized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (PSMNPs) were developed by introducing amphiphilic tri-block co-polymer, Pluronic P123 onto the surface of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs) and investigated their efficacy for delivery of hydrophobic anti-tumor agent, curcumin (CUR). XRD and TEM analysis revealed the formation of highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles of size ∼7 nm. The functionalization of nanoparticles with P123 was evident from FTIR, TGA, DLS, UV-visible and zeta-potential measurements. The addition of Pluronic layer not only provides aqueous colloidal stability and biocompatibility to the particles but also promotes the encapsulation of curcumin into the interface of hydrophobic layers between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Pluronic coating. The drug loading efficiency of about 98% was observed at drug to particles ratio of 1 : 2 and curcumin loaded PSMNPS (CUR–PSMNPs) showed pH dependent release behaviour. The CUR and CUR–PSMNPs showed significant reduction in proliferation of MCF-7 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of be 25.1 and 18.4 μM, respectively. The higher toxicity of CUR–PSMNPs was further confirmed by cellular uptake and cellular imaging studies. These results suggested that CUR–PSMNPs formulation is superior than pure curcumin in causing tumor cytotoxicity, which is possibly due to the increase in the bioavailability of drug to the targeted site.

Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of diarrhea: a spatial-temporal comprehensive evaluation in India.

Abstract: Spatial analysis has been vital in mapping the spread of diseases and assisting in policy making. Targeting diarrhea transmission hotspots is one of the potential strategies for reducing diarrhea cases. This study aimed to examine the spatial-temporal variations and to identify the modifiable determinants of diarrhea while controlling for the spatial dependence in the data. An ecological study on diarrhea data from DLHS-3 and NFHS- 4 in India. Moran’s I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. Spatial regression was used to identify the modifiable factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. The study comprised of the prevalence of diarrhea among the children below the age of five years (U-5 s) across different states in India. The determinants of diarrhea were obtained using spatial lag models. The software used were GeoDa 1.6.6 and QGIS 2.0. The presence of spatial autocorrelation in DLHS-3 and NFHS-4 (Moron’s I = 0.577 and 0.369 respectively) enforces the usage of geographical properties while modeling the diarrhea data. The geographic clustering of high-prevalence districts was observed in the state of UP consistently. The spatial pattern of the percentage of children with diarrhea was persistently associated with the household with a sanitation facility (%) (p = 0.023 and p = 0.011). Compared to the diarrhea cases in the period 2007–2008, no much reduction was observed in the period 2015–2016. The prevalence of diarrhea and percentage of household with sanitation were ranging between 0.1–33.8% and 1.3–96.1% in the period 2007–2008 and 0.6–29.1% and 10.4–92.0% in the period 2015–2016 respectively. The least and highest prevalence of diarrhea being consistently from Assam and UP respectively. Despite improvements in controlling spread of diarrheal disease, the burden remains high. Focus on widespread diarrheal disease control strategy by addressing the social determinants of health like basic sanitation is crucial to reduce the burden of diarrhea among U-5 s in India. The identification of hotspots will aid in the planning of control strategies for goal setting in the targeted regions.