Manipal University

About: Manipal University is a education organization based out in Manipal, Karnataka, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 9525 authors who have published 11207 publications receiving 110687 citations.

MTHFR Gene variants C677T, A1298C and association with Down syndrome: A case-control study from South India

Abstract: Background: The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) polymorphisms and low folate levels are associated with inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and consequently DNA hypomethylation. The expanding spectrum of common conditions linked with MTHFR polymorphisms includes certain adverse birth outcome, pregnancy complications, cancers, adult cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders, with several of these associations remaining still controversial. Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. It stems predominantly from the failure of chromosome 21 to segregate normally during meiosis. Despite substantial research, the molecular mechanisms underlying non-disjunction leading to trisomy 21 are poorly understood. Materials and Methods: Two common variants C677T and A1298C of the MTHFR gene were screened in 36 parents with DS children and 60 healthy couples from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The MTHFR genotypes were studied by RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified products and confirmed by sequencing. Results: The CT genotype was seen in three each (8.3%) of case mothers and fathers. One case father showed TT genotype. All the control individuals exhibited the wild type CC genotype. A similar frequency for the uncommon allele C of the second polymorphism was recorded in case mothers (0.35) and fathers (0.37) in comparison with the control mothers (0.39) and fathers (0.37). Conclusion: This first report on MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in trisomy 21 parents from south Indian population revealed that MTHFR 677CT polymorphism was associated with a risk for Down syndrome.

The haematological consequences of Plasmodium vivax malaria after chloroquine treatment with and without primaquine: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Abstract: Malaria causes a reduction in haemoglobin that is compounded by primaquine, particularly in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions to red cell loss of malaria and primaquine in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax. A systematic review identified P. vivax efficacy studies of chloroquine with or without primaquine published between January 2000 and March 2017. Individual patient data were pooled using standardised methodology, and the haematological response versus time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with non-linear terms for time. Mean differences in haemoglobin between treatment groups at day of nadir and day 42 were estimated from this model. In total, 3421 patients from 29 studies were included: 1692 (49.5%) with normal G6PD status, 1701 (49.7%) with unknown status and 28 (0.8%) deficient or borderline individuals. Of 1975 patients treated with chloroquine alone, the mean haemoglobin fell from 12.22 g/dL [95% CI 11.93, 12.50] on day 0 to a nadir of 11.64 g/dL [11.36, 11.93] on day 2, before rising to 12.88 g/dL [12.60, 13.17] on day 42. In comparison to chloroquine alone, the mean haemoglobin in 1446 patients treated with chloroquine plus primaquine was − 0.13 g/dL [− 0.27, 0.01] lower at day of nadir (p = 0.072), but 0.49 g/dL [0.28, 0.69] higher by day 42 (p 25% to 5 g/dL. Primaquine has the potential to reduce malaria-related anaemia at day 42 and beyond by preventing recurrent parasitaemia. Its widespread implementation will require accurate diagnosis of G6PD deficiency to reduce the risk of drug-induced haemolysis in vulnerable individuals. This trial was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42016053312. The date of the first registration was 23 December 2016.

Evaluation of the properties of a tissue conditioner containing origanum oil as an antifungal additive.

Abstract: Statement of problem Adherence and colonization of Candida albicans on tissue conditioners is common and results in irritation of the denture-bearing mucosa. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity and properties of a tissue conditioner by incorporating origanum oil. Material and methods Origanum oil at varying concentrations was incorporated into a poly(methyl methacrylate) based tissue conditioner (Visco-gel), and its antifungal activity against Candida albicans was evaluated at 1 day and 1 week by using the agar punch well method. The adherence of Candida albicans , surface roughness, tensile strength, and bond strength of the tissue conditioner with an optimized origanum oil concentration were evaluated. The data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (α=.05). Results Sixty vol% origanum oil in tissue conditioner (Visco-gel) showed a mean inhibitory zone of 21.00 ±1.58 mm at 1 day and 13.44 ±0.88 mm at 1 week. The control group showed 90 ±6.80 yeast cells/mm 2 at 1 day and 165 ±7.63 yeast cells/mm 2 at 1 week, whereas the group with origanum oil showed 16 ±1.15 yeast cells/mm 2 at 1 day and 32 ±4.00 yeast cells/mm 2 at 1 week. Surface roughness was less with the incorporation of origanum oil. Tensile strength at 1 day was 0.91 ±0.52 N for the control group, whereas the group with origanum oil showed 0.16 ±0.05 N. At 1 day, the bond strength of 3.97 ±0.75 MPa was observed with control specimens, whereas tissue conditioner with origanum oil showed a bond strength of 3.73 ±0.65 MPa. Conclusions Within the limitations of this in vitro study, origanum oil can be used as an additive to tissue conditioner to reduce the adherence of Candida albicans without significantly affecting its bond strength to heat-polymerized acrylic resin