Manipal University

About: Manipal University is a education organization based out in Manipal, Karnataka, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 9525 authors who have published 11207 publications receiving 110687 citations.

A comprehensive review on the carcinogenic potential of bisphenol A: clues and evidence

Abstract: Bisphenol A [BPA; (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2] is a synthetic chemical used as a precursor material for the manufacturing of plastics and resins. It gained attention due to its high chances of human exposure and predisposing individuals at extremely low doses to diseases, including cancer. It enters the human body via oral, inhaled, and dermal routes as leach-out products. BPA may be anticipated as a probable human carcinogen. Studies using in vitro cell lines, rodent models, and epidemiological analysis have convincingly shown the increasing susceptibility to cancer at doses below the oral reference dose set by the Environmental Protection Agency for BPA. Furthermore, BPA exerts its toxicological effects at the genetic and epigenetic levels, influencing various cell signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the available data on BPA and its potential impact on cancer and its clinical outcome.

From MTJ Device to Hybrid CMOS/MTJ Circuits: A Review

Abstract: Spintronics is one of the growing research areas which has the capability to overcome the issues of static power dissipation and volatility suffered by the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) industry. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), one of the prominent spintronic devices, is not only used to develop the fully non-volatile-logic (NV-L) but combines magnetism and electronics to develop next-generation NV-memory (NV-M) and hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits. To be specific towards hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits, the fabrication of first hybrid full-adder in 2009, fabrication of MTJ based 240-tile NV-field programmable gate array (NV-FPGA) chip in 2013, fabrication of a 3000-6-input-LUTs based NV-FPGA chip in 2015, fabrication of MTJ based NV-logic-in-memory-large scale integration (NV-LIM-LSI) in 2017 and recently the fabrication of a full hybrid magnetic/CMOS System on Chip (SoC) under EU GREAT Project in 2019 has strengthened the belief and motivated the researcher to be continued in this domain. This review article aims to provide the complete design flow of hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits developed using one of the fab compatible MTJ spintronic devices and its integration with conventional CMOS logic. The broad coverage of the article is MTJ construction, its switching mechanisms, a brief history of various compact models, reliability issues, and the concept of logic-in-memory (LIM) architecture. Finally, the article concludes with the challenges and future prospects of hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits, which will motivate people in academia to cultivate research in this domain and industry to realize the prototype for a wide range of potential applications.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced behavioral changes and their possible basis.

Abstract: The primary objective of mobile phone technology is to achieve communication with any person at any place and time. In the modern era, it is impossible to ignore the usefulness of mobile phone technology in cases of emergency as many lives have been saved. However, the biological effects they may have on humans and other animals have been largely ignored and not been evaluated comprehensively. One of the reasons for this is the speedy uncontrollable growth of this technology which has surpassed our researching ability. Initiated with the first generation, the mobile telephony currently reaches to its fifth generation without being screened extensively for any biological effects that they may have on humans or on other animals. Mounting evidences suggest possible non-thermal biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on brain and behavior. Behavioral studies have particularly concentrated on the effects of RF-EMR on learning, memory, anxiety, and locomotion. The literature analysis on behavioral effects of RF-EMR demonstrates complex picture with conflicting observations. Nonetheless, numerous reports suggest a possible behavioral effect of RF-EMR. The scientific findings about this issue are presented in the current review. The possible neural and molecular mechanisms for the behavioral effects have been proposed in the light of available evidences from the literature.