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Marine Science Institute

About: Marine Science Institute is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Water column. The organization has 702 authors who have published 689 publications receiving 31382 citations.
Topics: Population, Water column, Upwelling, Sea ice, Coral


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GPR30, an orphan receptor unrelated to nuclear estrogen receptors, has all the binding and signaling characteristics of a mER, and the identification of a second distinct class of GPCR-like steroid membrane receptors suggests a widespread role for GPCRs in nonclassical steroid hormone actions.
Abstract: Although nonclassical estrogen actions initiated at the cell surface have been described in many tissues, the identities of the membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) mediating these actions remain unclear. Here we show that GPR30, an orphan receptor unrelated to nuclear estrogen receptors, has all the binding and signaling characteristics of a mER. A high-affinity (dissociation constant 2.7 nm), limited capacity, displaceable, single binding site specific for estrogens was detected in plasma membranes of SKBR3 breast cancer cells that express GPR30 but lack nuclear estrogen receptors. Progesterone-induced increases and small interfering RNA-induced decreases in GPR30 expression in SKBR3 cells were accompanied by parallel changes in specific estradiol-17β (E2) binding. Plasma membranes of human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with GPR30, but not those of untransfected cells, and human placental tissues that express GPR30 also displayed high-affinity, specific estrogen binding typical of mERs. E2 treatm...

1,337 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1999-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that recruitment to an island population of a widely distributed coral-reef fish may often result from local retention on leeward reefs, which has implications for fisheries management and marine reserve design.
Abstract: For close to a century, recruitment of larvae to a local population has been widely accepted as a primary determinant of marine population dynamics1,2. However, progress in elucidating the causes of recruitment variability has been greatly impeded by our ignorance of the sources of recruits. Although it is often assumed that recruitment is independent of local reproduction3,4,5,6, there is increasing circumstantial evidence that physical7,8 and behavioural9,10 mechanisms could facilitate larval retention near source populations. To develop a direct method for reconstructing the dispersal history of recruiting larvae, we put forward the hypothesis that differences in nutrient and trace-element concentrations between coastal and open oceans could result in quantifiable differences in growth rate and elemental composition between larvae developing in coastal waters (locally retained) and larvae developing in open ocean waters (produced in distant locations). Using this method, we show that recruitment to an island population of a widely distributed coral-reef fish may often result from local retention on leeward reefs. This result has implications for fisheries management and marine reserve design, because rates of dispersal between marine populations—and thus recruitment to exploited populations—could be much lower than currently assumed.

798 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a new estimate of 450 Tg N 2 O yr -1 (Tg = 10 12 g) for the global ocean, which can be explained only by positing an ocean that has deviated far from a steady state, the need for a major upwards revision of fixed N inputs, particularly nitrogen fixation, or both.
Abstract: New data force us to raise previous estimates of oceanic denitrification. Our revised estimate of ~ 450 Tg N yr -1 (Tg = 10 12 g) produces an oceanic fixed N budget with a large deficit (~ 200 Tg N yr -1 ) that can be explained only by positing an ocean that has deviated far from a steady-state, the need for a major upwards revision of fixed N inputs, particularly nitrogen fixation, or both. Oceanic denitrification can be significantly altered by small re-distributions of carbon and dissolved oxygen. Since fixed N is a limiting nutrient, uncompensated changes in denitrification affect the ocean´s ability to sequester atmospheric CO 2 via the "biological pump". We have also had to modify our concepts of the oceanic N 2 O regime to take better account of the extremely high N 2 O saturations that can arise in productive, low oxygen waters. Recent results from the western Indian Shelf during a period when hypoxic, suboxic and anoxic waters were present produced a maximum surface N 2 O saturation of > 8000%, a likely consequence of "stop and go" denitrification. The sensitivity of N 2 O production and consumption to small changes in the oceanic dissolved oxygen distribution and to the "spin-up" phase of denitrification suggests that the oceanic source term for N 2 O could change rapidly.

772 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The marine ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula is one among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, having experienced a 2°C increase in the annual mean temperature and a 6°C rise in the mean winter temperature since 1950.
Abstract: The marine ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) extends from the Bellingshausen Sea to the northern tip of the peninsula and from the mostly glaciated coast across the continental shelf to the shelf break in the west. The glacially sculpted coastline along the peninsula is highly convoluted and characterized by deep embayments that are often interconnected by channels that facilitate transport of heatandnutrientsintotheshelfdomain.Theecosystemisdividedintothreesubregions,thecontinental slope, shelf and coastal regions, each with unique ocean dynamics, water mass and biological distributions. The WAP shelf lies within the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone (SIZ) and like other SIZs, the WAP system is very productive, supporting large stocks of marine mammals, birds and the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba.Ecosystemdynamicsisdominatedbytheseasonalandinterannualvariationinseaice extent and retreat. The Antarctic Peninsula is one among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, having experienced a 28C increase in the annual mean temperature and a 68C rise in the mean winter temperature since 1950. Delivery of heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has increased significantly in the past decade, sufficient to drive to a 0.68C warming of the upper 300 m of shelf water. In the past 50 years and continuing in the twenty-first century, the warm, moist maritime climate of the northern WAP has been migrating south, displacing the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate and causing multi-levelresponses inthe marine ecosystem. Ecosystem responses tothe regional warming include increased heat transport, decreased sea ice extent and duration, local declines in ice

600 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
07 Mar 1969-Science
TL;DR: Measurements of serum freezing points in three Antarctic marine fishes indicated that they do not freeze in the -1.87�C seawater because their blood is isosmotic to seawater.
Abstract: Measurements of serum freezing points in three Antarctic marine fishes indicated that they do not freeze in the -1.87°C seawater because their blood is isosmotic to seawater. Concentrations of sodium chloride, urea, and free amino acids in the serum accounted for only half of the freezing-point depression of the serum. A protein containing carbohydrate was isolated which accounted for 30 percent of the freezing-point depression of the serum.

597 citations


Authors

Showing all 702 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Ronald Benner9421828299
Sally Macintyre9233040473
Lonnie O. Ingram8831622217
John M. Melack8333328597
James P. Kennett7829321654
Kevin D. Lafferty7423127880
Peter Thomas7431519538
Craig A. Carlson7214717680
J. Herbert Waite6917215509
Robert R. Warner6914225589
David W. Lea6912620452
Maurice Ewing6828916302
Roger M. Nisbet6523016268
Alice L. Alldredge599214589
Jennifer E. Purcell581229730
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20223
202123
202018
201929
201828
201727