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Institution

McGill University

EducationMontreal, Quebec, Canada
About: McGill University is a education organization based out in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 72688 authors who have published 162565 publications receiving 6966523 citations. The organization is also known as: Royal institution of advanced learning & University of McGill College.


Papers
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MonographDOI
Lydia White1
TL;DR: In this article, the potential role of UG in second language (L2) acquisition is considered and three different positions are reviewed: (a) the claim that UG is not available to L2 learners; (b) the Claim that Universal Grammar is fully available; and (c) The Claim that the L2 learner's access to UG was mediated by the mother tongue.
Abstract: In this article, the motivation for Universal Grammar (UG), as assumed in the principles and parameters framework of generative grammar (Chomsky, 1981a, 1981b), is discussed, particular attention being paid to the logical problem of first language acquisition. The potential role of UG in second language (L2) acquisition is then considered. Three different positions are reviewed: (a) the claim that UG is not available to L2 learners; (b) the claim that UG is fully available; and (c) the claim that the L2 learner's access to UG is mediated by the mother tongue. This raises the issue of what kind of evidence can be used to decide between these three positions. Recent experimental research which argues for one or another of these positions by investigating the L2 status of the Subjacency Principle is reviewed, and the implications of this research are discussed.

936 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An international multidisciplinary team of 29 members with expertise in guideline development, evidence analysis, and family-centered care is assembled to revise the 2007 Clinical Practice Guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered ICU.
Abstract: Objective:To provide clinicians with evidence-based strategies to optimize the support of the family of critically ill patients in the ICU.Methods:We used the Council of Medical Specialty Societies principles for the development of clinical guidelines as the framework for guideline development. We a

935 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the subset of patients with 1p/19q codeleted AO/AOA, PCV plus RT may be an especially effective treatment, although this observation was derived from an unplanned analysis.
Abstract: Purpose Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, pure (AO) and mixed (anaplastic oligoastrocytoma [AOA]), are chemosensitive, especially if codeleted for 1p/19q, but whether patients live longer after chemoradiotherapy is unknown. Patients and Methods Eligible patients with AO/AOA were randomly assigned to procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) plus radiotherapy (RT) versus RT alone. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Results Two hundred ninety-one eligible patients were randomly assigned: 148 to PCV plus RT and 143 to RT. For the entire cohort, there was no difference in median survival by treatment (4.6 years for PCV plus RT v 4.7 years for RT; hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.04; P .1). Patients with codeleted tumors lived longer than those with noncodeleted tumors (PCV plus RT: 14.7 v 2.6 years, HR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.57, P .001; RT: 7.3 v 2.7 years, HR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.60, P .001), and the median survival of those with codeleted tumors treated with PCV plus RT was twice that of patients receiving RT (14.7 v 7.3 years; HR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.95; P .03). For those with noncodeleted tumors, there was no difference in median survival by treatment arm (2.6 v 2.7 years; HR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.23; P .39). In Cox models that included codeletion status, the adjusted OS for all patients was prolonged by PCV plus RT (HR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.91; P .01). Conclusion For the subset of patients with 1p/19q codeleted AO/AOA, PCV plus RT may be an especially effective treatment, although this observation was derived from an unplanned analysis.

933 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Aug 2007-Oncogene
TL;DR: 19 articles review various aspects of the enzymes governing lysine acetylation, especially about their intimate links to cancer, and highlight four central themes: multisubunit enzymatic complexes; non-histone substrates in diverse cellular processes; interplay of lysines acetylations with other regulatory mechanisms; and novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures to combat cancer and other human diseases.
Abstract: Acetylation of the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue was first discovered with histones in 1968, but the responsible enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, were not identified until the mid-1990s. In the past decade, knowledge about this modification has exploded, with targets rapidly expanding from histones to transcription factors and other nuclear proteins, and then to cytoskeleton, metabolic enzymes, and signaling regulators in the cytoplasm. Thus, protein lysine acetylation has emerged as a major post-translational modification to rival phosphorylation. In this issue of Oncogene, 19 articles review various aspects of the enzymes governing lysine acetylation, especially about their intimate links to cancer. To introduce the articles, we highlight here four central themes: (i) multisubunit enzymatic complexes; (ii) non-histone substrates in diverse cellular processes; (iii) interplay of lysine acetylation with other regulatory mechanisms, such as noncoding RNA-mediated gene silencing and activation; and (iv) novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures to combat cancer and other human diseases.

931 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is claimed that the effective Organization will favor some sort of configuration-some type of a logically consistent clustering of its elements-as it searches for harmony in its internal processes and consonance with its environment.
Abstract: The elements of organizational structuring-which show a curious tendency to appear in five's-suggest a typology of five basic configurations: Simple Structure, Machine Bureaucracy, Professional Bureaucracy, Divisionalized Form, and Adhocracy. The elements include 1 five basic parts of the organization-the operating core, strategic apex, middle line, technostructure, and support staff; 2 five basic mechanisms of coordination-mutual adjustment, direct supervision, and the standardization of work processes, outputs, and skills; 3 the design parameters-job specialization, behavior formalization, training and indoctrination, unit grouping, unit size, action planning and performance control systems, liaison devices such as integrating managers, teams, task forces, and matrix structure, vertical decentralization delegation to line managers, and horizontal decentralization power sharing by nonmanagers; and 4 the contingency factors-age and size, technical system, environment, and power. Each of the five configurations relies on one of the five coordinating mechanism and tends to favor one of the five parts. In Simple Structure, the key part is the strategic apex, which coordinates by direct supervision; the structure is minimally elaborated and highly centralized; it is associated with simple, dynamic environments and strong leaders, and tends to be found in smaller, younger organizations or those facing severe crises. The Machine Bureaucracy coordinates primarily by the imposition of work standards from the technostructure; jobs are highly specialized and formalized, units functional and very large at the operating level, power centralized vertically at the strategic apex with limited horizontal decentralization to the technostructure; this structure tends to be found in simple, stable environments, and is often associated with older, larger organizations, sometimes externally controlled, and mass production technical systems. The Professional Bureaucracy relies on the standardization of skills in its operating core for coordination; jobs are highly specialized but minimally formalized, training is extensive and grouping is on a concurrent functional and market basis, with large sized operating units, and decentralization is extensive in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions; this structure is typically found in complex but stable environments, with technical systems that are simple and non-regulating. In the Divisionalized Form, a good deal of power is delegated to market-based units in the middle line limited vertical decentralization, whose efforts are coordinated by the standardization of outputs, through the extensive use of performance control systems; such structures are typically found in very large, mature organizations, above all operating in diversified markets. Adhocracy coordinates primarily by mutual adjustment among all of its parts, calling especially for the collaboration of its support staff; jobs are specialized, involving extensive training but little formalization, units are small and combine functional and market bases in matrix structures, liaison devices are used extensively, and the structure is decentralized selectively in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions; these structures are found in complex, dynamic environments, and are often associated with highly sophisticated and automated technical systems. In conclusion, it is claimed that the effective Organization will favor some sort of configuration-some type of a logically consistent clustering of its elements-as it searches for harmony in its internal processes and consonance with its environment. But some organizations will inevitably be driven to hybrid structures as they react to contradictory pressures or while they effect a transition from one configuration to another, and here too it is believed that the typology of five can serve as a diagnostic tool in organizational design.

930 citations


Authors

Showing all 73373 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Karl J. Friston2171267217169
Yi Chen2174342293080
Yoshua Bengio2021033420313
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Lewis C. Cantley196748169037
Martin White1962038232387
Michael Marmot1931147170338
Michael A. Strauss1851688208506
Alan C. Evans183866134642
Douglas R. Green182661145944
David A. Weitz1781038114182
David L. Kaplan1771944146082
Hyun-Chul Kim1764076183227
Feng Zhang1721278181865
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023342
2022998
20219,055
20208,668
20197,828
20187,237