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Institution

McMaster University

EducationHamilton, Ontario, Canada
About: McMaster University is a education organization based out in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 41361 authors who have published 101269 publications receiving 4251422 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided reliable estimates of the clinical impact of anticoagulant-related bleeding, defined as the case-fatality rate of major bleeding and the risk for intracranial bleeding.
Abstract: Background Clinicians should consider the clinical impact of anticoagulant-related bleeding when deciding on the duration of anticoagulant therapy in patients with venous thromboembolism. Purpose To provide reliable estimates of the clinical impact of anticoagulant-related bleeding, defined as the case-fatality rate of major bleeding and the risk for intracranial bleeding. Data sources MEDLINE (January 1989 to May 2003), Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry, thromboembolism experts, and reference lists; English-language literature only. Study selection Randomized, controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that investigated patients with venous thromboembolism who received oral anticoagulant therapy (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) for at least 3 months and that reported major bleeding and death as primary study outcomes. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted data on the number of anticoagulant-related major and intracranial bleeding episodes and on whether these events were fatal or nonfatal. Data synthesis The authors analyzed 33 studies involving 4374 patient-years of oral anticoagulant therapy. For all patients, the case-fatality rate of major bleeding was 13.4% (95% CI, 9.4% to 17.4%) and the rate of intracranial bleeding was 1.15 per 100 patient-years (CI, 1.14 to 1.16 per 100 patient-years). For patients who received anticoagulant therapy for more than 3 months, the case-fatality rate of major bleeding was 9.1% (CI, 2.5% to 21.7%), and the rate of intracranial bleeding was 0.65 per 100 patient-years (CI, 0.63 to 0.68 per 100 patient-years) after the initial 3 months of anticoagulation. Conclusion The clinical impact of anticoagulant-related major bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism is considerable, and clinicians should take this into account when deciding whether to continue long-term oral anticoagulant therapy in an individual patient.

753 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the Herschel Gould Belt survey toward the IC 5146 molecular cloud were analyzed and a preliminary analysis of the filamentary structure in this region was presented.
Abstract: We provide a first look at the results of the Herschel Gould Belt survey toward the IC 5146 molecular cloud and present a preliminary analysis of the filamentary structure in this region. The column density map, derived from our 70–500 μm Herschel data, reveals a complex network of filaments and confirms that these filaments are the main birth sites of prestellar cores. We analyze the column density profiles of 27 filaments and show that the underlying radial density profiles fall off as r-1.5 to r-2.5 at large radii. Our main result is that the filaments seem to be characterized by a narrow distribution of widths with a median value of 0.10 ± 0.03 pc, which is in stark contrast to a much broader distribution of central Jeans lengths. This characteristic width of ~0.1 pc corresponds to within a factor of ~2 to the sonic scale below which interstellar turbulence becomes subsonic in diffuse gas, which supports the argument that the filaments may form as a result of the dissipation of large-scale turbulence.

753 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current state of efforts to understand the phenomenon of geometric magnetic frustration is described in the context of several key materials as mentioned in this paper, including transition metal oxides which crystallize with magnetic lattices which are geometrically or topologically prone to frustration.
Abstract: The current state of efforts to understand the phenomenon of geometric magnetic frustration is described in the context of several key materials. All are transition metal oxides which crystallize with magnetic lattices which are geometrically or topologically prone to frustration such as those based on triangles or tetrahedra which share corners, edges or faces. These include the anhydrous alums, jarosites, pyrochlores, spinels, magnetoplumbites, garnets, ordered NaCl and other structure types. Special attention is paid to materials which do not undergo long range ordering at the lowest temperatures but instead form exotic ground states such as spin glasses, spin liquids and spin ices, and to S = 1/2 based materials.

752 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: DS patients showed a significantly higher rate of telomere loss with donor age compared with age-matched controls, suggesting that accelerated telomeres loss is a biomarker of premature immunosenescence of DS patients and that it may play a role in this process.
Abstract: The telomere hypothesis of cellular aging proposes that loss of telomeric DNA (TTAGGG) from human chromosomes may ultimately cause cell-cycle exit during replicative senescence. Since lymphocytes have a limited replicative capacity and since blood cells were previously shown to lose telomeric DNA during aging in vivo, we wished to determine: (a) whether accelerated telomere loss is associated with the premature immunosenescence of lymphocytes in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and (b) whether telomeric DNA is also lost during aging of lymphocytes in vitro. To investigate the effects of aging and trisomy 21 on telomere loss in vivo, genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 140 individuals (age 0-107 years), including 21 DS patients (age 0-45 years). Digestion with restriction enzymes HinfI and RsaI generated terminal restriction fragments (TRFs), which were detected by Southern analysis using a telomere-specific probe (32P-(C3TA2)3). The rate of telomere loss was calculated from the decrease in mean TRF length, as a function of donor age. DS patients showed a significantly higher rate of telomere loss with donor age (133 +/- 15 bp/year) compared with age-matched controls (41 +/- 7.7 bp/year) (P < .0005), suggesting that accelerated telomere loss is a biomarker of premature immunosenescence of DS patients and that it may play a role in this process. Telomere loss during aging in vitro was calculated for lymphocytes from four normal individuals, grown in culture for 10-30 population doublings. The rate of telomere loss was approximately 120 bp/cell doubling, comparable to that seen in other somatic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

751 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test whether the observed patterns in stock returns after quarterly earnings announcements are related to the proportion of firm shares held by institutional investors, a variable used by prior research to proxy for investor sophistication.
Abstract: This study tests whether the observed patterns in stock returns after quarterly earnings announcements are related to the proportion of firm shares held by institutional investors, a variable used by prior research to proxy for investor sophistication. Our findings show that the institutional holdings variable is negatively correlated with the observed post‐announcement abnormal returns. Our findings also show that traditional proxies for transaction costs (i.e., trading volume, stock price) as well as firm size have little incremental power to explain post‐announcement abnormal returns when institutional holdings is an explanatory variable. If institutional ownership is a valid proxy for investor sophistication, these findings suggest that the trading activity of unsophisticated investors underlies the predictability of stock returns after earnings announcements. However, tests evaluating the validity of institutional holdings as a proxy for investor sophistication yield only mixed results. This calls fo...

750 citations


Authors

Showing all 41721 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Salim Yusuf2311439252912
Gordon H. Guyatt2311620228631
Simon D. M. White189795231645
George Efstathiou187637156228
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Terrie E. Moffitt182594150609
John J.V. McMurray1781389184502
Jasvinder A. Singh1762382223370
Deborah J. Cook173907148928
Andrew P. McMahon16241590650
Jack Hirsh14673486332
Holger J. Schünemann141810113169
John A. Peacock140565125416
David Price138168793535
Graeme J. Hankey137844143373
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023168
2022521
20216,351
20205,747
20195,093
20184,604