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Institution

McMaster University

EducationHamilton, Ontario, Canada
About: McMaster University is a education organization based out in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 41361 authors who have published 101269 publications receiving 4251422 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1987-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a calorimetric study of the glassy state of water obtained by rapid cooling or by hyperquenching, demonstrate the reversibility of its glass-liquid transition in the temperature range 113-148 K, and consider the implication to our understanding of its other non-crystalline solid forms.
Abstract: Non-crystalline solid forms of water prepared by the usual two methods of vapour-deposition on a substrate1,2 and by compression of hexagonal ice in a piston cylinder apparatus at 77 K (refs 3,4) do not seem to undergo a glass–liquid transition on heating2,5–7. Neither of these two, or possibly three, non-crystalline forms seem to be interconvertible by a single thermodynamic path involving only temperature or pressure. Also, their molecular structures are thermodynamically discontinuous8, with the structure of bulk water above 273 K and of emulsified water in the supercooled state near 230 K (see also refs 2 and 9). It has been difficult, therefore, to resolve whether or not water supercools to a glassy state in a thermodynamically reversible manner. We now report the results of a calorimetric study of the glassy state of water obtained by rapid cooling or by hyperquenching, demonstrate the reversibility of its glass–liquid transition in the temperature range 113–148 K, and consider the implication to our understanding of its other non-crystalline solid forms.

696 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This systematic review systematically evaluates the evidence for the effectiveness of these 5 drugs in improving outcomes in cognition, global function, behavior, and quality of life among patients with dementia.
Abstract: Raina and associates reviewed the evidence for the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in achieving clinically relevant improvements in patients with dementia Consistent diffe

696 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In conclusion, women with PCOS are at increased risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications and pre-pregnancy, antenatal and intrapartum care should be aimed at reducing these risks.
Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder associated with many characteristic features, including hyperandrogenaemia, insulin resistance and obesity which may have significant implications for pregnancy outcomes and long-term health of the woman. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications in women with PCOS. Electronic databases were searched for the following MeSH headings: PCOS, hyperandrogenism, pregnancy outcome, pregnancy complications, diabetes mellitus, type II. A handsearch of human reproduction and fertility and sterility was also conducted. Studies in which pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS were compared with controls were considered for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Fifteen of 525 identified studies were included, involving 720 women presenting with PCOS and 4505 controls. Women with PCOS demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70-5.08], pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 3.67; 95% CI: 1.98-6.81), pre-eclampsia (OR 3.47; 95% CI: 1.95-6.17) and preterm birth (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.16-2.62). Their babies had a significantly higher risk of admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (OR 2.31; 95% CI: 1.25-4.26) and a higher perinatal mortality (OR 3.07; 95% CI: 1.03-9.21), unrelated to multiple births. In conclusion, women with PCOS are at increased risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications. Pre-pregnancy, antenatal and intrapartum care should be aimed at reducing these risks.

696 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1991-JAMA
TL;DR: After 24 months the trial of labor and vaginal birth rates in the audit and feedback group were no different from those in the control group, but rates were 46% and 85% higher, respectively, among physicians educated by an opinion leader.
Abstract: A randomized controlled trial with 76 physicians in 16 community hospitals evaluated audit and feedback and local opinion leader education as methods of encouraging compliance with a guideline for the management of women with a previous cesarean section. The guideline recommended clinical actions to increase trial of labor and vaginal birth rates. Charts for all 3552 cases in the study groups were audited. After 24 months the trial of labor and vaginal birth rates in the audit and feedback group were no different from those in the control group, but rates were 46% and 85% higher, respectively, among physicians educated by an opinion leader. Duration of hospital stay was lower in the opinion leader education group than in the other two groups. The overall cesarean section rate was reduced only in the opinion leader education group. There were no adverse clinical outcomes attributable to the interventions. The use of opinion leaders improved the quality of care. ( JAMA . 1991;265:2202-2207)

696 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is likely that major depressive disorder is relatively uncommon in prepubertal children, increases in frequency in adolescents, and is significantly associated with such variables as family dysfunction and low self-esteem.
Abstract: The methodology of 14 recent epidemiological studies of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders was critically reviewed and findings summarized for prevalence, comorbidity, correlates, risk factors, and outcome. Shortcomings in sampling and considerable inconsistency in the measurement of depression in the studies made it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the prevalence and correlates of depression in young people. Nonetheless, it is likely that major depressive disorder is relatively uncommon in prepubertal children, increases in frequency in adolescents, and is significantly associated with such variables as family dysfunction and low self-esteem. Comorbidity of depression with other psychiatric disorders was also high in these nonpatient samples and it will be important in future work to assess the implications of this for the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of depressive disorders in children and adolescents.

696 citations


Authors

Showing all 41721 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Salim Yusuf2311439252912
Gordon H. Guyatt2311620228631
Simon D. M. White189795231645
George Efstathiou187637156228
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Terrie E. Moffitt182594150609
John J.V. McMurray1781389184502
Jasvinder A. Singh1762382223370
Deborah J. Cook173907148928
Andrew P. McMahon16241590650
Jack Hirsh14673486332
Holger J. Schünemann141810113169
John A. Peacock140565125416
David Price138168793535
Graeme J. Hankey137844143373
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023168
2022521
20216,351
20205,747
20195,093
20184,604