Institution
McMaster University
Education•Hamilton, Ontario, Canada•
About: McMaster University is a education organization based out in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 41361 authors who have published 101269 publications receiving 4251422 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Hydrodynamical simulations in a framework assuming the presence of CDM and a cosmological constant are reported in which the inhomogeneous interstellar medium is resolved and the analogues of dwarf galaxies—bulgeless and with shallow central dark-matter profiles—arise naturally in these simulations.
Abstract: For almost two decades the properties of ‘dwarf’ galaxies have challenged the cold dark matter (CDM) model of galaxy formation^1. Most observed dwarf galaxies consist of a rotating stellar disk^2 embedded in a massive dark-matter halo with a near-constant-density core^3. Models based on the dominance of CDM, however, invariably form galaxies with dense spheroidal stellar bulges and steep central dark-matter profiles^(4,5,6,) because low-angular-momentum baryons and dark matter sink to the centres of galaxies through accretion and repeated mergers^7. Processes that decrease the central density of CDM halos^8 have been identified, but have not yet reconciled theory with observations of present-day dwarfs. This failure is potentially catastrophic for the CDM model, possibly requiring a different dark-matter particle candidate^9. Here we report hydrodynamical simulations (in a framework^(10) assuming the presence of CDM and a cosmological constant) in which the inhomogeneous interstellar medium is resolved. Strong outflows from supernovae remove low-angular-momentum gas, which inhibits the formation of bulges and decreases the dark-matter density to less than half of what it would otherwise be within the central kiloparsec. The analogues of dwarf galaxies—bulgeless and with shallow central dark-matter profiles—arise naturally in these simulations.
1,095 citations
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Harvard University1, Broad Institute2, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico3, McMaster University4, McGill University5, University of Leicester6, University of Lübeck7, University of Pennsylvania8, Vanderbilt University9, University of Missouri–Kansas City10, University of Münster11, University of Verona12, Queen's University Belfast13, University of Washington14, Boston University15, University of Helsinki16, National Institute for Health and Welfare17, Lund University18, University of Cambridge19, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University20, University of Ferrara21, University of Turin22, Hebrew University of Jerusalem23, University of Girona24, University of Milan25, University of Leeds26, University of Regensburg27, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich28, University of Kiel29, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute30, University of Paris31, MedStar Washington Hospital Center32, deCODE genetics33, University of Iceland34
TL;DR: SNPs at nine loci were reproducibly associated with myocardial infarction, but tests of common and rare CNVs failed to identify additional associations with my Cardiovascular Infarction risk.
Abstract: We conducted a genome-wide association study testing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) for association with early-onset myocardial infarction in 2,967 cases and 3,075 controls We carried out replication in an independent sample with an effective sample size of up to 19,492 SNPs at nine loci reached genome-wide significance: three are newly identified (21q22 near MRPS6-SLC5A3-KCNE2, 6p24 in PHACTR1 and 2q33 in WDR12) and six replicated prior observations1, 2, 3, 4 (9p21, 1p13 near CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1, 10q11 near CXCL12, 1q41 in MIA3, 19p13 near LDLR and 1p32 near PCSK9) We tested 554 common copy number polymorphisms (>1% allele frequency) and none met the pre-specified threshold for replication (P < 10-3) We identified 8,065 rare CNVs but did not detect a greater CNV burden in cases compared to controls, in genes compared to the genome as a whole, or at any individual locus SNPs at nine loci were reproducibly associated with myocardial infarction, but tests of common and rare CNVs failed to identify additional associations with myocardial infarction risk
1,092 citations
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TL;DR: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to assist patients' adherence to prescribed medications is presented in this paper, where the authors identify relevant articles of all RCTs of interventions intended to improve adherence to self-administered medications.
Abstract: ContextLow adherence with prescribed treatments is ubiquitous and undermines
treatment benefits.ObjectiveTo systematically review published randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
of interventions to assist patients' adherence to prescribed medications.Data SourcesA search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCHLIT, SOCIOFILE, IPA, EMBASE, The Cochrane
Library databases, and bibliographies was performed for records from 1967
through August 2001 to identify relevant articles of all RCTs of interventions
intended to improve adherence to self-administered medications.Study Selection and Data ExtractionStudies were included if they reported an unconfounded RCT of an intervention
to improve adherence with prescribed medications for a medical or psychiatric
disorder; both adherence and treatment outcome were measured; follow-up of
at least 80% of each study group was reported; and the duration of follow-up
for studies with positive initial findings was at least 6 months. Information
on study design features, interventions, controls, and findings (adherence
rates and patient outcomes) were extracted for each article.Data SynthesisStudies were too disparate to warrant meta-analysis. Forty-nine percent
of the interventions tested (19 of 39 in 33 studies) were associated with
statistically significant increases in medication adherence and only 17 reported
statistically significant improvements in treatment outcomes. Almost all the
interventions that were effective for long-term care were complex, including
combinations of more convenient care, information, counseling, reminders,
self-monitoring, reinforcement, family therapy, and other forms of additional
supervision or attention. Even the most effective interventions had modest
effects.ConclusionsCurrent methods of improving medication adherence for chronic health
problems are mostly complex, labor-intensive, and not predictably effective.
The full benefits of medications cannot be realized at currently achievable
levels of adherence; therefore, more studies of innovative approaches to assist
patients to follow prescriptions for medications are needed.
1,088 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the relationship between the stocks and flows of learning across levels in an overall organizational learning system and found that there is a positive relationship between stocks of learning at all levels and business performance.
Abstract: This paper considers the relationship between the stocks and flows of learning across levels in an overall organizational learning system. A survey instrument based on the Strategic Learning Assessment Map (SLAM) was administered to 15 individuals representing senior-, middle- and non-management levels from each of 32 organizations, resulting in a total sample of 480 respondents. This research supports the premise that there is a positive relationship between the stocks of learning at all levels and business performance. Furthermore, the proposition that the misalignment of stocks and flows in an overall organizational learning system is negatively associated with business performance is also supported.
1,085 citations
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TL;DR: Intensive glycemic control and intensive combination treatment of dyslipidemia, but not intensive blood-pressure control, reduced the rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Abstract: BACKGROUND We investigated whether intensive glycemic control, combination therapy for dyslipidemia, and intensive blood-pressure control would limit the progression of diabetic retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes. Previous data suggest that these systemic factors may be important in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS In a randomized trial, we enrolled 10,251 participants with type 2 diabetes who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease to receive either intensive or standard treatment for glycemia (target glycated hemoglobin level, <6.0% or 7.0 to 7.9%, respectively) and also for dyslipidemia (160 mg daily of fenofibrate plus simvastatin or placebo plus simvastatin) or for systolic blood-pressure control (target, <120 or <140 mm Hg). A subgroup of 2856 participants was evaluated for the effects of these interventions at 4 years on the progression of diabetic retinopathy by 3 or more steps on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Severity Scale (as assessed from seven-field stereoscopic fundus photographs, with 17 possible steps and a higher number of steps indicating greater severity) or the development of diabetic retinopathy necessitating laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy. RESULTS At 4 years, the rates of progression of diabetic retinopathy were 7.3% with intensive glycemia treatment, versus 10.4% with standard therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.87; P=0.003); 6.5% with fenofibrate for intensive dyslipidemia therapy, versus 10.2% with placebo (adjusted odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.87; P=0.006); and 10.4% with intensive blood-pressure therapy, versus 8.8% with standard therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.79; P=0.29). CONCLUSIONS Intensive glycemic control and intensive combination treatment of dyslipidemia, but not intensive blood-pressure control, reduced the rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00000620 for the ACCORD study and NCT00542178 for the ACCORD Eye study.)
1,084 citations
Authors
Showing all 41721 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Salim Yusuf | 231 | 1439 | 252912 |
Gordon H. Guyatt | 231 | 1620 | 228631 |
Simon D. M. White | 189 | 795 | 231645 |
George Efstathiou | 187 | 637 | 156228 |
Stuart H. Orkin | 186 | 715 | 112182 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
John J.V. McMurray | 178 | 1389 | 184502 |
Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
Deborah J. Cook | 173 | 907 | 148928 |
Andrew P. McMahon | 162 | 415 | 90650 |
Jack Hirsh | 146 | 734 | 86332 |
Holger J. Schünemann | 141 | 810 | 113169 |
John A. Peacock | 140 | 565 | 125416 |
David Price | 138 | 1687 | 93535 |
Graeme J. Hankey | 137 | 844 | 143373 |