Institution
Medical Research Council
Government•London, United Kingdom•
About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The marked deposition of parenchymal and vascular Aβ in these relatively young patients with iCJD, in contrast with other prion disease patients and population controls, is consistent with iatrogenic transmission of Aβ pathology in addition to CJD and suggests that healthy exposed individuals may also be at risk of i atrogenic Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Abstract: More than two hundred individuals developed Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) worldwide as a result of treatment, typically in childhood, with human cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone contaminated with prions. Although such treatment ceased in 1985, iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) continues to emerge because of the prolonged incubation periods seen in human prion infections. Unexpectedly, in an autopsy study of eight individuals with iCJD, aged 36-51 years, in four we found moderate to severe grey matter and vascular amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. The Aβ deposition in the grey matter was typical of that seen in Alzheimer's disease and Aβ in the blood vessel walls was characteristic of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and did not co-localize with prion protein deposition. None of these patients had pathogenic mutations, APOE e4 or other high-risk alleles associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Examination of a series of 116 patients with other prion diseases from a prospective observational cohort study showed minimal or no Aβ pathology in cases of similar age range, or a decade older, without APOE e4 risk alleles. We also analysed pituitary glands from individuals with Aβ pathology and found marked Aβ deposition in multiple cases. Experimental seeding of Aβ pathology has been previously demonstrated in primates and transgenic mice by central nervous system or peripheral inoculation with Alzheimer's disease brain homogenate. The marked deposition of parenchymal and vascular Aβ in these relatively young patients with iCJD, in contrast with other prion disease patients and population controls, is consistent with iatrogenic transmission of Aβ pathology in addition to CJD and suggests that healthy exposed individuals may also be at risk of iatrogenic Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. These findings should also prompt investigation of whether other known iatrogenic routes of prion transmission may also be relevant to Aβ and other proteopathic seeds associated with neurodegenerative and other human diseases.
387 citations
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TL;DR: Initiation of ART at CD4+ cell counts >350 cells/ microL compared with <250 cells/microL may reduce both OD and serious non-AIDS events and require validation in a large, randomized clinical trial.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The SMART study randomized 5,472 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts 250 cells/microL may reduce both OD and serious non-AIDS events These findings require validation in a large, randomized clinical trial
387 citations
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University of Oxford1, Natural Environment Research Council2, European Bioinformatics Institute3, Harvard University4, National Center for Toxicological Research5, Leibniz Association6, Marine Biological Laboratory7, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research8, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics9, University of Southern California10, British Library11, University of Bordeaux12, AstraZeneca13, Maastricht University14, Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre15, Syngenta16, Northwestern University17, Argonne National Laboratory18, University of Manchester19, University of Cambridge20, Medical Research Council21, Institut national de la recherche agronomique22, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill23, Novartis24, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation25, Centre national de la recherche scientifique26, Macquarie University27
TL;DR: The prerequisites for data commoning are described and an established and growing ecosystem of solutions using the shared 'Investigation-Study-Assay' framework to support that vision are presented.
Abstract: To make full use of research data, the bioscience community needs to adopt technologies and reward mechanisms that support interoperability and promote the growth of an open 'data commoning' culture. Here we describe the prerequisites for data commoning and present an established and growing ecosystem of solutions using the shared 'Investigation-Study-Assay' framework to support that vision.
387 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MPL mutations outside exon 10 are uncommon in platelet cDNA and 4 different exon10 mutations in granulocyte DNA from a retrospective cohort of 200 patients with ET or IMF are identified.
386 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that the associations between forced sexual initiation and unwillingness to confront an unfaithful partner are mediated through unequal power relations within the relationship which are reinforced by violence and may suggest that more of the pregnancies were wanted than was suggested.
386 citations
Authors
Showing all 16441 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Trevor W. Robbins | 231 | 1137 | 164437 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Frank E. Speizer | 193 | 636 | 135891 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Chris D. Frith | 173 | 524 | 130472 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Avshalom Caspi | 170 | 524 | 113583 |