Institution
Medical Research Council
Government•London, United Kingdom•
About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.
Topics: Population, Malaria, Poison control, Gene, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The Gambian Hib immunisation programme reduced the occurrence of Hib disease despite irregular vaccine supply, and has important implications for the introduction of the vaccine into routine immunisation programmes of other developing countries.
282 citations
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TL;DR: The experience of IPV was strongly associated with past year partner numbers, time of last sex, and partner's education; it was also marginally associated with partner age difference.
Abstract: Results About 12.4% of women had HIV and 26.6% had experienced more than one episode of physical or sexual IPV. After adjusting for age, HIV infection was associated with having three or more past year partners [odds ratio (OR) 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.48–3.85], sex in past 3 months (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.87–5.94), a partner three or more years older (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.16–2.48), and a more educated partner (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.30–2.78). IPV was associated with HIV in two-way analyses (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.08–2.23), but the effect was non-significant after adjusting for HIV risk behaviours. The experience of IPV was strongly associated with past year partner numbers, time of last sex, and partner’s education; it was also marginally associated with partner age difference. Adverse experiences in childhood, including sexual abuse, increased the likelihood of having more past year partners (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.21–1.69). Conclusions IPV was strongly associated with most of the identified HIV risk factors. Our findings provide further evidence of links between IPV and HIV among women and the importance of joint prevention.
281 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that ligation of CD16 on NK cells is also responsible for cytokine release after injection of CAMPATH 1-H in vivo, as the hierarchy of isotypes inducing cytokineRelease in these cultures matches that seen clinically.
Abstract: The administration of the immunosuppressive humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH 1-H, which recognizes CD52 on lymphocytes and monocytes, is associated with a first-dose cytokine-release syndrome involving TNFalpha, IFNgamma, and IL-6 clinically. In vitro models have been used to establish the cellular source and mechanism responsible for cytokine release, demonstrating that cytokine release is isotype dependent, with the rat IgG2b and human IgG1 isotype inducing the highest levels of cytokine release, which was inhibited with antibody to CD16, the low affinity Fc-receptor for IgG (FcgammaR). Cross-linking antibody opsonized CD4 T lymphocytes failed to stimulate TNFalpha release, which together with the observation that TNFalpha release by purified natural killer (NK) cells stimulated by fixed autologous CAMPATH 1-H-opsonized targets was inhibited with anti-CD16, indicates that cytokine release results from ligation of CD16 on the NK cells, rather than Fc-receptor (FcR)-dependent cross-linking of CD52 on the targeted cell. Since the hierarchy of isotypes inducing cytokine release in these cultures matches that seen clinically, we conclude that ligation of CD16 on NK cells is also responsible for cytokine release after injection of CAMPATH 1-H in vivo.
281 citations
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TL;DR: A longitudinal study was conducted by Hughes et al. as discussed by the authors to assess the stability of individual differences in preschoolers' executive function performance, including the external validity of four simple executive function tasks, and whether individual differences could be used to predict later differences in theory of mind, or vice versa.
Abstract: The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess (a) stability of individual differences in preschoolers' executive function performance, (b) the external validity of 4 new simple executive function tasks, and (c) whether individual differences in early executive function performance could be used to predict later differences in theory of mind, or vice versa. Fifty children involved in an earlier study of relations between preschoolers' theory of mind, verbal ability, and executive function (C. Hughes, 1998) were followed up and tested 1 year later, using 1st- and 2nd-order false-belief tasks, a set of 4 simple executive function tasks, and a well-established executive test of planning: the Tower of London (T. Shallice, 1982). The results of the study support recent proposals (C. Hughes, 1996; J. Russell, 1996) that young children's understanding of mind is grounded in their growing competence in strategic planning and mental flexibility.
280 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that implant texturization reduces the incidence of early capsular contracture in subglandular breast augmentation and is one (albeit a very important factor) of many facets in patient overall satisfaction.
Abstract: Background:There are conflicting recommendations in the literature regarding the use of textured implants to reduce capsular contracture in subglandular breast augmentation. The authors reviewed the literature to evaluate the effectiveness of surface texturization in reducing capsular contracture.Me
280 citations
Authors
Showing all 16441 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Trevor W. Robbins | 231 | 1137 | 164437 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Frank E. Speizer | 193 | 636 | 135891 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Chris D. Frith | 173 | 524 | 130472 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Avshalom Caspi | 170 | 524 | 113583 |