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Institution

Medical Research Council

GovernmentLondon, United Kingdom
About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How many hES cell lines would be needed to make matching possible in most cases for HLA matching is investigated, and the findings have practical, political, and ethical implications for the establishment of hES-cell banks.

455 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 May 2007-Science
TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro studies reveal a central role for Fbxl3 in mammalian circadian timekeeping and identify a mouse mutation, after hours (Afh), which results in long free-running rhythms of about 27 hours in homozygotes.
Abstract: By screening N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea–mutagenized animals for alterations in rhythms of wheel-running activity, we identified a mouse mutation, after hours (Afh). The mutation, a Cys358Ser substitution in Fbxl3, an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats, results in long free-running rhythms of about 27 hours in homozygotes. Circadian transcriptional and translational oscillations are attenuated in Afh mice. The Afh allele significantly affected Per2 expression and delayed the rate of Cry protein degradation in Per2::Luciferase tissue slices. Our in vivo and in vitro studies reveal a central role for Fbxl3 in mammalian circadian timekeeping.

455 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that swallowing musculature is discretely and somatotopically represented on the motor and premotor cortex of both hemispheres but displays interhemispheric asymmetry, independent of handedness.
Abstract: Because no detailed information exists regarding the topographic representation of swallowing musculature on the human cerebral cortex in health or disease, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the cortical topography of human oral, pharyngeal and esophageal musculature in 20 healthy individuals and the topography of pharyngeal musculature in two stroke patients, one with and one without dysphagia. Our results demonstrate that swallowing musculature is discretely and somatotopically represented on the motor and premotor cortex of both hemispheres but displays interhemispheric asymmetry, independent of handedness. Following stroke, dysphagia appeared to be associated with smaller pharyngeal representation on the intact hemisphere, which increases in size with recovery of swallowing.

455 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Feb 1996-BMJ
TL;DR: Data confirm previously published data from other countries that semen quality is changing, declining by about 2.1% per year Research is urgently required to examine the function as well as the number of sperm and to assess whether these changes are affecting human health and male fertility.
Abstract: Objective: To determine whether the quality of semen has changed in a group of over 500 Scottish men born between 1951 and 1973. Design: Retrospective review of data on semen quality collected in a single laboratory over 11 years and according to World Health Organisation guidelines. Setting: Programme of gamete biology research funded by Medical Research Council. Subjects: 577 volunteer semen donors. Of these, 171 were born before 1959, 120 were born in 1960-4, 171 in 1965-9, and 115 in 1970-4. Main outcome measures: Conventional criteria of semen quality including semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (106/ml), overall motility (% motile), total number of sperm in the ejaculate (106), and total number of motile sperm in the ejaculate (106). Results: When the four birth cohort groups were compared a later year of birth was associated with a lower sperm concentration, a lower total number of sperm in the ejaculate, and a lower number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. The median sperm concentration fell from 98x106/ml among donors born before 1959 to 78x106/ml among donors born after 1970 (P=0.002). The total number of sperm in the ejaculate fell from 301x106 to 214x106 (P=0.0005), and the total number of motile sperm in the ejaculate fell from 169.7x106 to 129.0x106 (P=0.0065). Conclusion: This study provides direct evidence that semen quality is deteriorating, with a later year of birth being significantly associated with a reduced number of sperm in adult life. Key messages Key messages When men born in the 1970s were compared with men born in the 1950s, the total number of motile sperm in the ejaculate was reduced by almost 25% These data confirm previously published data from other countries that semen quality is changing, declining by about 2.1% per year Research is urgently required to examine the function as well as the number of sperm and to assess whether these changes are affecting human health and male fertility

454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a country such as The Gambia, where nets were widely used and which has a good primary health care system, it is possible to achieve insecticide-treatment of bednets at a national level with a significant reduction in child mortality; but at a cost which the country cannot afford.

454 citations


Authors

Showing all 16441 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Shizuo Akira2611308320561
Trevor W. Robbins2311137164437
Richard A. Flavell2311328205119
George Davey Smith2242540248373
Nicholas J. Wareham2121657204896
Cyrus Cooper2041869206782
Martin White1962038232387
Frank E. Speizer193636135891
Michael Rutter188676151592
Richard Peto183683231434
Terrie E. Moffitt182594150609
Kay-Tee Khaw1741389138782
Chris D. Frith173524130472
Phillip A. Sharp172614117126
Avshalom Caspi170524113583
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20236
20229
2021262
2020243
2019231
2018309