Showing papers by "Medical University of South Carolina published in 1976"
TL;DR: Data is presented in support of the concept that human trophoblasts contain neither β2 microglobulin nor HLA, and treatment with several enzymes has failed to reveal these antigens.
Abstract: ANALOGIES are often made between transplantation and placental immunology. The role of histocompatibility antigens is of undisputed importance in transplantation immunology but it is not clear whether such antigens are important in pregnancy. Indeed, it is not known whether trophoblasts manifest histocompatibility antigens. If HLA antigens are relevant in pregnancy, it is of central importance to know if trophoblasts have these antigens. This is a difficult problem because human anti-HLA sera often contain other antibodies, and heterologous anti-HLA sera often lack precise HLA specificity1. But HLA has been shown to be invariably associated with β2-microglobulin2, and here we present data in support of the concept that human trophoblasts contain neither β2 microglobulin nor HLA. Also, treatment with several enzymes has failed to reveal these antigens. In addition, we have not been able to identify either β2 microglobulin or HLA on trophoblasts from 6-week or 13-week placentae or on placental tissues maintained in vitro for 5 d.
235 citations
181 citations
TL;DR: If the activation by injury of the suppressor T-cell system is involved in normal immunoregulation, then generalised, non-specific attempts to bolster the immune response in patients with severe immunosuppression may be inappropriate.
135 citations
TL;DR: The output of ammonia increases in dilute waters in which blue crabs absorb Na+ against a gradient, but not those in which crabs remain in salt balance with the medium, and the balance between ammonia and urea output shifts towards ammonotelism at low salinity.
Abstract: The output of ammonia increases in dilute waters in which blue crabs absorb Na+ against a gradient, but not those in which crabs remain in salt balance with the medium. Net acid output does not clearly vary with salinity. The balance between ammonia and urea output shifts towards ammonotelism at low salinity. These results, and the temporal responses of blood NH4+, Na+ and Cl-after a salinity change, support the hypothesis that excess ammonia in blood plays an important role in osmoregulation as well as opposing the effect of salt reduction on the oxygen transport system.
128 citations
TL;DR: The sequence of the B-chain of relaxin, and ovarian peptide hormone isolated from ovaries of pregnant sows, has been shown to have the following primary structure: PCA-Ser-Thr-Asn-Asp-Phe-Ile-Lys-Ala-Cys-Gly-Arg-Glu-Leu-Val-Arg
127 citations
TL;DR: Data analyses revealed significant differences in amount of formula intake and in weight at the end of the treatment period in favor of the experimental infants, which required significantly fewer feedings during the stimulation period.
Abstract: The effects of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation on the neonatal development of 12 premature infants were investigated. Experimental infants received four 15-min periods of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation daily for 10 days. The control infants received only standard, routine nursery care. Data were collected daily on 8 dependent measures: weight, number of feedings, amount of formula intake, body temperature, respiration, heart rate, frequency of voiding, and frequency of stooling. The data analyses revealed significant differences in amount of formula intake and in weight at the end of the treatment period in favor of the experimental infants. Additionally, the experimental infants required significantly fewer feedings during the stimulation period. All others dependent measures were nonsignificant.
116 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the morphological and functional characteristics of human marrow erythrocytes cultured with a recently developed methylcellulose colony assay technique and observed a significant degree of maturational synchrony within individual colonies.
116 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrated that significant amounts of bone formed within the PHDPE pellets as early as 14 days after implantation, and bone was identified throughout the specimens after 4 weeks.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to delineate the process by which bone comes to fill the pores of porous high-density polyethylene (PHDPE) implants. PHDPE (450μ pore size) pellets 4 mm in diameter and 1 cm long were implanted into the femurs of dogs. A bone biopsy procedure was utilized to obtain PHDPE pellets implanted for periods of 3 days through 8 weeks. A one-year biopsy specimen taken from the PHDPE coating on the stem of a canine total-hip prosthesis was also studied. The results demonstrated that significant amounts of bone formed within the PHDPE pellets as early as 14 days after implantation. Bone was identified throughout the specimens after 4 weeks. After 6 weeks, the tissue in the implants consisted of well-developed lamellar bone spicules and healthy hematopoietic marrow. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized in conjunction with light microscopy and microradiography to study the ultrastructural features of the bone ingrowth process.
108 citations
TL;DR: From 1960 through 1973, 415 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with radiation therapy and those patients not amenable to exploration had a 3% 5‐year and a 5.6% 2‐year survival.
Abstract: From 1960 through 1973, 415 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with radiation therapy. Three hundred and thirty-two patients had planned preoperative irradiation to a dose of 4500 rads in 18 fractions, and 101 of these had subsequent resections with either colon or stomach replacement. The operative mortality in this group was 18% and the 2- and 5-year survivals were 22.8 and 13.6%, respectively. The dose of 4500 rads in 18 fractions produced tumor sterilization in 3% and reduction to in situ carcinoma in 10% of these 101 patients. The survival was considerably improved in this small group of patients. Those patients not amenable to exploration had a 3% 5-year and a 5.6% 2-year survival was 12.1%. The overall survival was 9% at 2 years and 6% at 5 years. The results in this series are compared with the most recent reports in the literature.
108 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that traumatic injury to the spinal cord is accompanied by marked increases in PG levels at the site of trauma, and that the observed elevation in PGF in response to trauma can be blocked by indomethacin in vivo.
82 citations
TL;DR: The development of primary carcinoma in both breasts as well as within ectopic mammary tissue in the labium appears to be the first recorded instance of such an event.
Abstract: Primary mammary cancer often develops at multiple sites in either one or both breasts, evidently the result of a common carcinogen acting in multicentric loci. The occurrence of carcinoma in accessory breast tissue has been recorded, including carcinoma in supernumerary breast tissue within the labium, although the latter is rare. A 62-year-old woman developed carcinoma of the right breast which was followed nearly five and one half years later by the occurrence of adenocarcinoma in supernumerary breast tissue within the left labium majus. Concomitantly, carcinoma was detected in the left breast. The three cancers exhibited histologic features compatible with primary rather than metastatic lesions. The development of primary carcinoma in both breasts as well as within ectopic mammary tissue in the labium appears to be the first recorded instance of such an event.
TL;DR: The in vitro abrasive wear resistance, tensile strength, and hardness of seven widely used composite restorative resins have been measured and it is apparent that abrasive Wear is a complex phenomenon and materials which have high values for strength and/or hardness do not necessarily have high resistance to abrasives wear.
Abstract: The in vitro abrasive wear resistance, tensile strength, and hardness of seven widely used composite restorative resins have been measured Findings indicate that the values of tensile strength and hardness are not related to the measured abrasion rates It is apparent that abrasive wear is a complex phenomenon and that materials which have high values for strength and/or hardness do not necessarily have high resistance to abrasive wear
TL;DR: Four patients withWhipple's disease which had responded to antibiotic therapy, later developed neurologic disease identical to that seen in patients with Whipple’s disease who died without treatment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In Hodgkin's tumors, the prevalence of IgG-reactive stromal immunocytes in or between tumor areas was greatest in the nodular sclerosing form of the disease, abundant in mixed cellular, and least in lymphocytes-predominant and lymphocyte-depleted types.
Abstract: An immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge technique has been employed for the selective localization of immunoglobulin-producing cells in spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphoreticular tumors fixed highly for optimal immunocytochemistry or processed routinely for surgical diagnosis. Immunostaining for immunoglobulin was encountered consistently in the specially fixed tissues and was observed in some of the surgical specimens in areas where presumably fixation was satisfactory. Many, but not all, of the tumor cells in histocytic lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma) of spleen and of brain stained for IgG, but none evidenced reactivity for IgM or IgA. In Hodgkin's tumors, the prevalence of IgG-reactive stromal immunocytes in or between tumor areas was greatest in the nodular sclerosing form of the disease, abundant in mixed cellular, and least in lymphocyte-predominant and lymphocyte-depleted types. Immunocytes showing reactivity for IgG greatly exceeded those staining for IgM or IgA. Hodgkin's tumor cells immunostained frequently for IgG, infrequently for IgM, not at all for IgA, and in one instance, stained for k but not for lambda light chains. Individual tumor cells failed to stain for more than one type of Ig or light chain. The proportion of Ig reactive vs. unstained tumor cells correlated with the prevalence of immunocytes in the different Hodgkin's categories. Reed-Sternberg cells differed in their fine structure in ways which possibly correspond with the presence or absence of Ig shown at the light microscope level. Tumor cells in Hodgkin's disease and reticulum cell sarcoma also disclosed argyrophilia and strong staining indicative of ribonucleic acid with a Schiff-methylene blue procedure.
TL;DR: There was a rough correlation between β-lactamase activity and antibiotic resistance, but other mechanisms are undoubtedly involved in determining resistance levels.
Abstract: A diverse group of anaerobic bacteria representing a spectrum of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was studied to characterize their beta-lactamase activity and relate it to resistance. The Bacteroides fragilis organisms had moderate resistance and produced a cephalosporinase with low activity. The Clostridium ramosum was intermediate in resistance and had intermediate, inducible beta-lactamase activity. The B. clostridiiformis organism was highly resistant, produced a potent inducible penicillinase, and had a barrier to the penicillin substrates. Only the beta-lactamase of C. ramosum fit Richmond's classification (class IV). Although there was a rough correlation between beta-lactamase activity and antibiotic resistance, other mechanisms are undoubtedly involved in determining resistance levels.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the accelerated oxidation of branched chain amino acids by muscles may play a role in the acceleration of the muscle protein catabolism and gluconeogenesis which develop during insulin deficiency.
Abstract: The oxidation of leucine by hemidiaphragms of control and diabetic rats was studied in vitro Rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin Hemidiaphragms of diabetic rats produced approximately 50% more 14CO2 during incubation with 01 mM [l−14C]leucine than did control muscles This was observed during incubation with or without glucose and in the presence or absence of a full complement of plasma amino acids The concentration of leucine in the tissue water of hemidiaphragms from diabetic rats was greater tlian that in the control muscles before incubation The specific activity of leucine at the end of 60 min incubation was not significantly different in diabetic and control muscles, indicating that the increased 14CO2 production represented stimulation of leucine oxidation Hemidiaphragms of diabetic rats released more leucine into the medium during incubation than did control muscles The stimulating effect of diabetes on leucine oxidation in vitro was reversible by insulin therapy prior to sacri
TL;DR: The results suggest that GABA and glycine may play a role in the neural regulation of PRL secretion, indicating increased PRL release from the pituitary.
Abstract: Several neurally active amino acids were injected into the third ventricle of anesthetized male rats. Two or eight µmole of GABA produced significant increases in the plasma concentrations of prolactin (PRL), indicating increased PRL release from the pituitary. Two µmole of glycine was also effective in elevating PRL levels. The intraventricular injection of the lowest dose of GABA (1.0 µmole), glutamate (0.4 or 2.0 µmole), lysine (0.2 or 2.0 µmole), or 0.9 per cent NaCl did not alter PRL levels significantly. Plasma PRL concentrations did not increase following the injection of GABA or glycine directly into the anterior pituitary gland. The results suggest that GABA and glycine may play a role in the neural regulation of PRL secretion. (Endocrinology 98: 1248, 1976)
TL;DR: The results raised the possibility that kallikrein could be an aldosterone-induced protein and the effects of inhibitors, biological activity and immunological properties.
Abstract: 1. A technique has been developed for the measurement of kallikrein 'production' in rat renal cortical cells in suspension. 2. After preparative steps, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose yielded a peak of alpha-N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (Tos-Arg-OMe) esterase activity identical with kallikrein isolated from rat urine in respect of pH optimum, effects of inhibitors, biological activity and immunological properties. 3. The nutrient medium surrounding incubated cells contained measurable kallikrein activity, which was increased by aldosterone and decreased by spironolactone. 4. The results raised the possibility that kallikrein could be an aldosterone-induced protein.
TL;DR: This study was designed to determine the regional distribution of SOD in rat brain, since it has been shown that certain brain regions are more susceptible to damage than others when exposed to hyperbaric oxygen.
Abstract: THEENZYME, superoxidedismutase(EC.1.15.1.1),can provide a defense against toxic oxygen radicals which are produced by normal intracellular reactions in all aerobic cells (FRIDOVICH, 1 9 7 5 ; M c C o ~ ~ & FRIDOMCH, 1969a, b). The enzymevariously called cerebrocuprein (PORTER & FOLCH, 1957) or tetrazolium reductase inhibitor (FRIED et ul., 1970; 1973) has been demonstrated in mammalian brain (FRIED & FRIED, 1967; FRIED & MANDEL, 1975). The enzyme from mammalian liver and brain are identical in activity and properties (BEAUCHAMP & FRIDOVICH, I97 1). Since the neuron actively consumes oxygen, SOD may be involved in maintaining normal neuronal function. This study was designed to determine the regional distribution of SOD in rat brain, since it has been shown that certain brain regions are more susceptible to damage than others when exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (OGILVIE & BALENTINE. 1975). In order to gain information regarding the cellular localization of the enzyme, rat brain homogenates were fractionated into subcellular components. Of particular interest was the activity of SOD in synaptosomes since superoxide radicals can cause the oxidation of catecholamines (MISRA & FRIDOVICH, 1972), and these amines are present in certain nerve endings in the CNS. Of further interest is the demonstration that the superoxide radical is an intermediate in the oxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine and that this autooxidation can be inhibited by SOD (HEIKKILA & COHEN, 1973). The oxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine is believed to be the basis for its ability to destroy selectively catecholamine nerve terminals in experimental animals (UNGERSTEDT, 1971 ; BLOOM, 1973).
TL;DR: Chemical and morphological changes in the uterus following stimulation of the decidual cell reaction by the intraluminal injection of sesame oil were studed in hormone-primed ovariectomized mice.
Abstract: Chemical and morphological changes in the uterus following stimulation of the decidual cell reaction by the intraluminal injection of sesame oil were studed in hormone-primed ovariectomized mice. 2 distinct phases in the growth of the stimulated uterine horn were observed. Beginning at about 12 hours after stimulation uterine weight began to double. Uterine weight again began to increase at 30 hours and was approximately 20 times greater within 3-4 days. Uterine protein content was doubled and total DNA content was slightly increased during the 1st phase of growth. In the 2nd phase the increases in both protein and DNA content paralleled that in uterine weight. Decidual cells were observed on histological examination of uterine horns 39 hours after stimulation. The gross and histological features of the decidualization process showed a pattern similar to that observed after actual blastocyst contact.
TL;DR: The role of host immunity in the response to chemotherapy of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma was investigated and suppression of the host response by previous irradiation or ALS (antilymphocyte serum) treatment considerably decreased the therapeutic effect of both cyclophosphamide and melphalan.
Abstract: The role of host immunity in the response to chemotherapy of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (T1699) was investigated. Suppression of the host response by previous irradiation or ALS (antilymphocyte serum) treatment considerably decreased the therapeutic effect of both cyclophosphamide and melphalan. The timing of drug administration to normal tumor-bearing mice was critical as the response depended on the development of an anti-tumor immune response by the host and not solely on the size of the tumor. Although the majority of tumor-bearing mice with demonstrable anti-tumor immunity showed complete tumor regression when treated with cyclophosphamide or melphalan, animals that failed to respond to melphalan initially, as well as responder animals whose tumor recurred, did not respond to a second dose of drug. Neither melphalan nor cyclophosphamide suppressed the ability of the host effector cells found within the tumor mass to kill target tumor cells in the colony inhibition assay.
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that plasma samples from CF homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers for CF show deficient proteolytic cleavage of α2M as compared with normal control plasma, and suggest that a structural abnormality inα2M or a deficiency in plasma proteolytics activity may be responsible for this deficiency in proteolysis.
Abstract: Extract: A protein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.48 was found to be deficient in plasma from most cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers for CF as compared with normal control plasma. Purification of the protein with a pI of 5.48 from normal plasma was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, starch block clectrophoresis, and Sepharose 4B gel filtration. The purified protein migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and displayed a single arc on immunoelectrophoresis against polyvalent antiserum to whole human serum. Results from various techniques used in its characterization indicate that this protein is a fragment of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) which is derived from α2M by proteolytic cleavage of intact α2M subunits. Quantitation of α2M levels in plasma indicated no significant differences between levels of α2M in CF homozygote, obligate heterozygote carrier, or normal control plasma samples. Quantitation of arginine esterase activity in plasma treated with chloroform and ellagic acid indicated that both the total arginine esterase activity and that fraction of arginine esterase activity inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) were decreased in most CF homozygote and obligate heterozygote plasma samples relative to normal control values. The results of this study indicate that plasma samples from CF homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers for CF show deficient proteolytic cleavage of α2M as compared with normal control plasma, and suggest that a structural abnormality in α2M or a deficiency in plasma proteolytic activity may be responsible for this deficiency in proteolysis. Speculation: An abnormality in the binding affinity of α2M for plasma proteases may account for the presence of “factors” in CF homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers.
TL;DR: A low-fusing glaze is added at any stage of polishing to give a slightly smoother surface than a natural glaze, and the results will be the same.
Abstract: 1. A smooth porcelain surface can be obtained by glazing after grinding. There is no need for sanding or polishing with a rubber wheel. 2. A low-fusing glaze gives a slightly smoother surface than a natural glaze. The low-fusing glaze may be added at any stage of polishing, and the results will be the same.
TL;DR: The spheroids in this case are primarily reactive in type and do not support pior light-microscopic interpretations of concomitant neuroaxonal dystrophy, and the unexplained presence of tin within the lesion indicates a need for further study of this element in CPM.
TL;DR: An unique case of primary intracranial epidermoid carcinoma in a 4‐year‐old boy with parapontine localization and malignant features combined to produce a fulminating clinical course simulating an intra‐axial mass lesion.
Abstract: An unique case of primary intracranial epidermoid carcinoma in a 4-year-old boy is described. Its parapontine localization and malignant features combined to produce a fulminating clinical course simulating an intra-axial mass lesion. The probable origin of the carcinoma from a benign epidermoid cyst is discussed. A review of the world's literature establishes not only the rarity of cyst-derived intracranial epidermoid carcinoma, but also its unprecedented occurrence in a child.
TL;DR: Two unusual variants of the Brenner tumor are presented, one classified as proliferative and the other carcinomatous and productive of the Meigs' syndrome.
TL;DR: The membrane changes which occur during cellular maturation of erythroid cells have been investigated and the dependence of amino acid transport on extracellular sodium concentration was investigated.
Abstract: The membrane changes which occur during cellular maturation of erythroid cells have been investigated. The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, alanine, and N-methylated-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid have been studied in the erythroblastic leukemic cell, the reticulocyte, and the erythrocyte of the Long-Evans rat. The dependence of amino acid transport on extracellular sodium concentration was investigated. Erythrocytes were found to transport these amino acids only by Na-independent systems. The steady state distribution ratio was less than 1. Reticulocytes were found to transport alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and alanine by Na-dependent systems, but only small amounts of N-methylated-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. Small amounts of these amino acids were transported by Na-independent systems. The steady state distribution ratio was greater than one for Na-dependent transport. The erythroblastic leukemia cell, a model immature erythroid cell, showed marked Na-dependence (greater than 90%) for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and alanine transport, and greater than 80% for the Na-dependent transport of N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. The steady state distribution ratio for the Na-dependent transport was greater than 4. In the erythroblastic leukemic cell, at least three Na-dependent systems are present: one includes alanine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, but excludes N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; one is for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, alanine and also N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; and one is for N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid alone. In the reticulocyte, the number of Na-dependent systems are reduced to two: one for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and alanine; one for N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. In the erythrocytes, no Na-dependent transport was found. Therefore, maturation of the blast cell to the mature erythrocyte is characterized by a systematic loss in the specificity and number of transport system for amino acids.
TL;DR: Comparative rates of spontaneous loss of R factor-mediated resistance indicated that Serratia R factors are less stable in E. coli and K. pneumoniae transcipients than in the indigenous hosts.
Abstract: Nineteen of 39 multiresistant strains of Serratia marcescens isolated from clinical sources transferred antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae recipients. Marcesins and/or phage prevented effective resistance transfer to E. coli and attempts to select marcescin-resistant mutants of the E. coli recipient strain were unsuccessful. Transfer of resistance was demonstrated for all drugs tested except nalidixic acid. Approximately 90% of donors resistant to tobramycin, ampicillin, or carbenicillin transferred resistance to these drugs. High levels of transferred resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration, >2,500 μg/ml) were demonstrated particularly for ampicillin, carbenicillin, and kanamycin. Transmissibility of Serratia R factors was greatest between isogeneic strains of E. coli K-12. Comparative rates of spontaneous loss of R factor-mediated resistance indicated that Serratia R factors are less stable in E. coli and K. pneumoniae transcipients than in the indigenous hosts.
TL;DR: It remains to be demonstrated whether or not there is deficient response to primary immunization, whether other antigens are more affected by lead, or whether impairment of humoral immune response requires a more serious degree of lead intoxication.
Abstract: Twelve lead-exposed children, with evidence of metabolic impairment, and seven non-lead exposed children were examined for evidence of impairment of their immunological response. There were no differences between the control group and the lead exposed group with reference to complement levels, immunoglobulins, or anamnestic response to the tetanus toxoid antigen. It remains to be demonstrated whether or not there is deficient response to primary immunization, whether other antigens are more affected by lead, or whether impairment of humoral immune response requires a more serious degree of lead intoxication.