Showing papers by "Medical University of South Carolina published in 1984"
TL;DR: No difference in neurological recovery of motor function or pinprick and light touch sensation was observed between the two treatment groups six weeks and six months after injury, and early case fatality was greater in the high-dose protocol.
Abstract: A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury. No difference in neurological recovery of motor function or pinprick and light touch sensation was observed between the two treatment groups six weeks and six months after injury. The lack of a treatment effect was independent of the severity of the initial lesion or the time from injury to starting treatment. Although not statistically significant, early case fatality was greater in the high-dose protocol (relative risk of 3.1 and 1.9, ≤ 14 and 15 to 28 days after injury, respectively) but not from 29 to 210 days after injury. Wound infections of both trauma and operative sites were more prevalent in the high-dose regimen (relative risk of 3.6). (JAMA1984;251:45-52)
515 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that warfarin, as a single anticoagulant agent, may favorably modify the course of some, but not all, types of human malignancy, among which is small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Abstract: VA Cooperative Study #75 was established to test in a controlled, randomized trial the hypothesis that warfarin anticoagulation would favorably affect the course of certain types of malignancy. No differences in survival were observed between warfarin-treated and control groups for advanced non-small cell lung, colorectal, head and neck and prostate cancers. However, warfarin therapy was associated with a significant prolongation in the time to first evidence of disease progression (P = 0.016) and a significant improvement in survival (P = 0.018) for patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung, including the subgroup of patients with disseminated disease at the time of randomization (P = 0.013). A trend toward improved survival with warfarin treatment was observed for the few patients admitted to this study with non-small cell lung cancer who had minimal disease at randomization. These results suggest that warfarin, as a single anticoagulant agent, may favorably modify the course of some, but not all, types of human malignancy, among which is small cell carcinoma of the lung. Further trials of warfarin may be indicated in patients with limited disease who have cell types that failed to respond when advanced disease was present.
321 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that human kidney cortex, explanted into serum-free hormonally defined growth medium gives rise to a primary culture of kidney epithelial cells of homogeneous morphology capable of hemicyst formation.
316 citations
TL;DR: All, or nearly all, cells in this nucleus show immunoreactivity without the use of agents to block axonal transport, suggesting that this precollicular nucleus is a major GABAergic feedforward inhibitory center in the acoustic pathway.
216 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Improved understanding of the assembly and maintenance of myelin is afforded by the study of animals in which interference with these processes occurs as a result of genetic variation, toxic exposure, immunological attack, viral infection, nutritional or endocrine deficiency, and physical or circulatory insult.
Abstract: Improved understanding of the assembly and maintenance of myelin is afforded by the study of animals in which interference with these processes occurs as a result of genetic variation, toxic exposure, immunological attack, viral infection, nutritional or endocrine deficiency, and physical or circulatory insult. Mutant animals are particularly suitable for the biochemical approach, since they make it possible to obtain genetic homogeneity, sufficient quantities for experimental use, and strict control of their nutrition and environment. During the past decade, considerable work has been carried out on several mouse mutants with genetic defects in and limited to the formation of myelin. The first recognized were the jiutpy, quaking, and myelin synthesis deficiency mutants, and study of them contributed importantly to the identification of myelin constituents and clarification of major features of myelin metabolism and myelinogenesis. In recent years, several additional mouse mutants have been described and shown to have myelin disorders with special characteristics that further reveal the biology of myelin. The most notable of these are shiverer, which has an almost complete lack of myelin basic protein; twitcher, which resembles human globoid cell leukodystm ophy in having a severe deficiency of galactosylceramide s-galactosidase; trembler, which has a primary disorder of peripheral nerve and Schwann cell; and muscular dystrophy, which has amyelinated segments of nerve roots. All these mutants share advantages for experimental study in that the pathology is limited to the myelin, their genetic nature presages likely abnormality of protein structure, serial developmental analysis is possible, and dilfereuees in both phenotype and genotype of myelin disorders have been shown.
177 citations
168 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that some of the oligopotent progenitors are capable of limited self-renewal, and presumptive genealogic trees of the differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor constructed for the latter group of cultures suggested this.
126 citations
TL;DR: The effects of ten heavy metal cations on phagocytosis of polystyrene latex spheres by hemocytes of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, were investigated in this article.
114 citations
TL;DR: Plasma fibronectin concentrations are found to be elevated in a group of preeclamptic patients, consistent with other evidence for a role of the vascular endothelium in preeclampsia.
110 citations
TL;DR: Type I tympanoplasties utilizing an underlay technique with temporalis fascia performed at the Medical University associated hospitals over a 5‐year period were reviewed and the overall success rate was 89%.
Abstract: Type I tympanoplasties utilizing an underlay technique with temporalis fascia performed at the Medical University associated hospitals over a 5-year period were reviewed. Cases were excluded if follow-up was less than 18 months or if a previous tympanoplasty had been performed. The remaining 71 cases, 40 adults and 25 children, were analyzed for influencing factors. The overall success rate was 89%. The age of the patient, the length of time the ear had been dry, and the presence of infection at the time of surgery had no in fluence on the success rate. The two factors which adversely influenced the success rate were the presence of a near total or total perforation and the presence of bilateral perforations.
108 citations
TL;DR: An allogeneic bone marrow transplant from a normal HLA identical sibling donor was performed in a 13-year-old boy with rapidly progressive adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), and the patient died of an adenovirus infection 141 days after BMT.
Abstract: An allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a normal HLA identical sibling donor was performed in a 13-year-old boy with rapidly progressive adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Engraftment and complete hematologic recovery occurred within 4 weeks, but neurologic deterioration continued. The patient died of an adenovirus infection 141 days after BMT. ALD is characterized by abnormally high plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as a result of impaired capacity to degrade them. Ten days after BMT, the white blood cell VLCFA levels and enzyme activity became normal; after 3 months, there was progressive reduction of plasma VLCFA to levels only slightly above normal.
TL;DR: Aspirin pretreatment significantly reduced the number of malformed pups and prevented the increase in prenatal mortality produced by alcohol.
Abstract: Oral alcohol administration (5.8 g/kg) on gestation day 10 resulted in an increase in both prenatal mortality and birth defects as well as decreased fetal weight in C57BL/6J mice. Aspirin pretreatment (150 mg/kg subcutaneously) significantly reduced the number of malformed pups and prevented the increase in prenatal mortality produced by alcohol. The mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
TL;DR: This study suggests that scleroderma lung involvement may be characterized by an inflammatory alveolitis and that the presence of such inflammation may relate to the severity of the pulmonary disease.
Abstract: Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is a common feature of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) which may result in impairment of pulmonary function and may be a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Clinicopathologic observations suggest that interstitial and alveolar inflammation may appear prior to fibrosis. Using the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique, we have characterized the nature of the inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tracts of 19 non-smoking scleroderma patients. Eleven of 19 patients (58%) had increased percentages of neutrophils and/or eosinophils in BAL fluid. Five of 10 patients (50%) had elevations of IgG in BAL fluid. The presence of neutrophils was associated with a decreased lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (P less than 0.05) and with more advanced radiographic features of interstitial fibrosis in patients with disease of more than 1 year's duration. This study suggests that scleroderma lung involvement may be characterized by an inflammatory alveolitis and that the presence of such inflammation may relate to the severity of the pulmonary disease.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used antisera produced against a serum lectin to block the binding of hemocyte microsomes to protease-treated vertebrate erythrocytes.
TL;DR: Although use of the St. Jude Medical prosthesis without anticoagulation is still investigational, the preliminary data suggest that the risk of thromboembolism in unanticoagulated children with this valve is not greater than that in antICOagulated adults.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Molluscan hemocytes serve a variety of functions and are involved in wound repair, internal defense, nutrient digestion and transport, and cellular immunity.
Abstract: Molluscan hemocytes serve a variety of functions. It is known that these cells are involved in wound repair (Pauley and Sparks, 1965; des Voignes and Sparks, 1968; Pauley and Heaton, 1969; Ruddell, 1971b), shell repair (Wagge, 1951, 1955), nutrient digestion and transport (Yonge, 1923, 1926; Takatsuki, 1934a; Yonge and Nicholas, 1940; Zacks and Welsh, 1953; Wagge, 1955; Zacks, 1955; Owen, 1966; Purchon, 1968; Cheng and Cali, 1974; Cheng and Rudo, 1976; Cheng, 1977), excretion (Durham, 1892; Canegallo, 1924; Orton, 1923), and internal defense, i.e., cellular immunity (Stauber, 1950, 1961; Tripp, 1958a; b, 1960; Feng, 1959, 1965; and critical reviews by Cheng, 1967; Cheng and Rifkin, 1970; Cheng, 1979).
TL;DR: This is the first description of a colony assay system for in situ identification of a pure population of basophilic granulocytes, and the metachromatic nature of the granules in the basophils was confirmed.
TL;DR: Black males who had been selected on the basis of high socioeconomic status (SES) had AMI and CHD rates half that of other black males, and none of the high SES black males experienced angina pectoris, AMI death, or sudden death during the observation period.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that multiple stereoselective mechanisms are involved in the disposition of propranolol and determine the access of the drug to active sites and the higher Cls of (+)‐pro Pranolol suggests stereoselected hepatic elimination.
Abstract: Our objective was to determine the kinetics of (+)- and (-)-propranolol after intravenous doses of racemic drug. Five normal subjects received 0.1 mg/kg of a pseudoracemate of propranolol that consisted of deuterium-labeled (+)-propranolol and unlabeled (-)-propranolol. Plasma concentrations of (+)- and (-)-propranolol as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated enantiomeric differences in systemic clearance (Cls) [(+)-propranolol, 1.21 +/- 0.15 l/min; (-)-propranolol, 1.03 +/- 0.12 l/min; P less than 0.01] and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) [(+)-propranolol, 4.82 +/- 0.34 l/kg; (-)-propranolol, 4.08 +/- 0.33 l/kg; P less than 0.001], but no difference in distribution or elimination t1/2s (t1/2 beta 3.5 hr). The higher Cls of (+)-propranolol suggests stereoselective hepatic elimination. The higher apparent Vd of (+)-propranolol is mainly related to its lower plasma binding [(+)-propranolol, 20.3 +/- 0.8% unbound; (-)-propranolol, 17.6 +/- 0.7% unbound; P less than 0.001]. There was no stereoselective uptake by red blood cells. These findings demonstrate that multiple stereoselective mechanisms are involved in the disposition of propranolol and determine the access of the drug to active sites.
TL;DR: Clinical, roentgenographic and histologic features of the LPC are reviewed and the importance of distinguishing the developmental LPC from laterally positioned inflammatory cysts of pulpal or periodontal disease origin and laterally occurring odontogenic keratocysts is stressed.
Abstract: The lateral periodontal cyst is a developmental cyst of odontogenic origin which is located along the lateral aspect of a tooth root. Thirty-seven previously unreported lateral periodontal cysts ( LPCs ) are presented. Clinical, roentgenographic and histologic features of the LPC are reviewed. Further, the importance of distinguishing the developmental LPC from laterally positioned inflammatory cysts of pulpal or periodontal disease origin and laterally occurring odontogenic keratocysts is stressed.
TL;DR: Insulin resistance, which develops early after denervation in red and white muscles, represents primarily a defect in receptor-function coupling, suggesting that in muscle, nervous stimuli and/or contractile activity modulate signal transmission by the occupied insulin receptor.
Abstract: The effect of short-term denervation on the response to insulin was studied in isolated rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles 6 and 24 h after severing one sciatic nerve. Impaired insulin sensitivity and response occurred within 6 h postdenervation in solei. After 24 h, EDL of fed and fasted rats and solei of fed rats showed no stimulation of glycogen synthesis even with supraphysiological doses, whereas solei of fasted rats showed markedly decreased sensitivity and response to insulin. Insulin resistance of glycogen synthesis represented impaired stimulation of glucose transport and impaired glucose-independent activation of glycogen synthase by insulin. Changes in initial glycogen content of muscles did not correlate with insulin resistance. Insulin binding after denervation showed only minimum impairment and did not account for the marked insulin resistance. The response of denervated solei to epinephrine was unimpaired. Insulin resistance, which develops early after denervation in red and white muscles, represents primarily a defect in receptor-function coupling, suggesting that in muscle, nervous stimuli and/or contractile activity modulate signal transmission by the occupied insulin receptor.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that membrane Gc may represent another surface immunofluorescence marker for B cells, and may play a role in immunocyte function.
TL;DR: Patients with thyroid auto‐immunity and/or the presence of alopecia totalis or universalis showed significant reductions in interactive T lymphocytes and diminished production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor in response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, suggesting that immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alOPecia areata.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Cell-mediated immunity and auto-immune phenomena were investigated in sixty patients with active alopecia areata of various degrees of severity. Serum auto-antibodies to thyroid antigens were detected in twenty-three patients. Examination of T-lymphocyte populations, lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and lymphokine production in response to mitogen stimulation revealed no differences between the sixty patients and matched healthy control subjects. However, patients with thyroid auto-immunity and/or the presence of alopecia totalis or universalis showed significant reductions in interactive T lymphocytes (recognized by rosette formation with human B lymphoblastoid cells) and diminished production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor in response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. This suggests that immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata which is associated with thyroid auto-immunity or which progresses to total hair loss.
TL;DR: The ability to rapidly and efficiently isolate insulin receptors from skeletal muscle may permit investigation of factors that modulate insulin action in this tissue.
Abstract: A method has been developed to solubilize insulin receptors from skeletal muscles. Rat hindlimb muscles were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, powdered, extracted with buffered Triton X-100, and partially purified by differential centrifugation followed by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. The solubilized receptors exhibit typical curvilinear Scatchard plots in insulin binding assays: rapid, Mn2+-dependent autophosphorylation of the β-subunit on exposure to insulin as well as insulin-stimulated kinase activity toward histone H2B. Furthermore, when intact soleus muscles were incubated in phosphate-depleted medium containing Na2H[32P]PO4, addition of insulin stimulated the in situ phosphorylation of the β-subunit of the insulin receptor. The ability to rapidly and efficiently isolate insulin receptors from skeletal muscle may permit investigation of factors that modulate insulin action in this tissue.
TL;DR: Analysis of the kallikrein-treated high molecular weight peptide fraction by gel filtration indicates that the biological activity comigrates with the low molecularWeight peptides present in the original atrial extract.
TL;DR: The results indicate severely low production of IL-1 by patient's peripheral blood monocytes, which correlated with patients' symptoms and therapy with 1-acetamide,2-pyrrolidone (1a,2p).
TL;DR: Sperm motility in the PCT has a predictive value of 72% for male autoimmunity and 57% for female isoimmunities to sperm in the presence of normal cervical mucus and in the absence of infections, and good correlation was obtained among pregnancy achievement, lack of sperm antibodies, and adequate sperm motility.
TL;DR: Patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who were believed to have disease limited to the pelvis without evidence of node or bone extension were assigned randomly to either full-field pelvic radiation or delayed hormonal therapy.
TL;DR: Results indicated no significant differences between CDI scores of children with numbered versus unnumbered forms and no differences betweenCDI Scores of children taking the inventory individually versus in a group.
Abstract: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is a widely cited self-report measure of depressive symptoms in children. Normative and psychometric data on the CDI have been collected using two types of forms (number/unnumbered) and two types of administration (Group/Individual). Fifty-seven boys and 54 girls in second through seventh grades were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 − 2 (Form − Administration) design. In addition, all students completed the Peer Nomination Inventory of Depression (PNID). Results indicated no significant differences between CDI scores of children with numbered versus unnumbered forms and no differences between CDI scores of children taking the inventory individually versus in a group ( p > 0.05). CDI correlations with grade level and the PNID are also discussed.