Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

About: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is a healthcare organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 30293 authors who have published 65381 publications receiving 4462534 citations. The organization is also known as: MSKCC & New York Cancer Hospital.

Infusions of Donor Leukocytes to Treat Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Abstract: Background Lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a complication of bone marrow transplantation that responds poorly to standard forms of therapy. The lymphoma is usually of donor origin. We hypothesized that treatment with infusions of donor leukocytes, which contain cytotoxic T cells presensitized to EBV, might be an effective treatment. Methods We studied five patients in whom EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders developed after they received a T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Biopsy specimens were immunophenotyped, subjected to the polymerase chain reaction to determine the origin of the lymphoma (donor or host) and to detect the presence of EBV, and analyzed by Southern blotting for the presence of the clonal EBV genome and immunoglobulin-gene rearrangement. Patients were treated with infusions of unirradiated donor leukocytes at doses calculated to provide approximately 1.0 × 106 CD3+ T cells per kilogram of body weight. Results Histopathological examination o...

Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer

Abstract: Human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating mutations in EGFR frequently respond to treatment with EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, but responses are not durable, as tumors acquire resistance. Secondary mutations in EGFR (such as T790M) or upregulation of the MET kinase are found in over 50% of resistant tumors. Here, we report increased activation of AXL and evidence for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in multiple in vitro and in vivo EGFR-mutant lung cancer models with acquired resistance to erlotinib in the absence of the EGFR p.Thr790Met alteration or MET activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of AXL restored sensitivity to erlotinib in these tumor models. Increased expression of AXL and, in some cases, of its ligand GAS6 was found in EGFR-mutant lung cancers obtained from individuals with acquired resistance to TKIs. These data identify AXL as a promising therapeutic target whose inhibition could prevent or overcome acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in individuals with EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

Pain measurement: an overview

Abstract: The practice and theoretical basis of pain measurement is reviewed and critically examined in the areas of animal research, human subjects laboratory investigation and clinical study. The advantages and limitations of both physiological and behavioral methods are discussed in each area, and subjective report procedures are evaluated in human laboratory and clinical areas. The need for procedures that bridge these areas is emphasized and specific issues are identified. Progress in the technology of pain measurement over recent decades is reviewed and directions for future work are suggested.