Showing papers by "Memorial University of Newfoundland published in 1979"
TL;DR: In newborn siblings of children with atopic disease exclusively breast‐fed for a minimum of six weeks, the incidence of eczema, recurrent wheezing, elevated serum IgE, IgE‐antibodies to cow's milk, complement activation in vivo after milk challenge and hemagglutinating antibodies to β‐lactoglobulin was significantly lower compared with formula‐fed matched group.
Abstract: The effect of exclusive breast feeding in the first few weeks after birth on infant morbidity due to infectious and allergic disorders was investigated in three separate prospective studies. In a rural community in India, breast-fed infants had a significantly lower incidence of respiratory infection, otitis, diarrhoea, dehydration and pneumonia. In an urban population in Canada, breast feeding was associated with a marked decrease in the occurrence of otitis and respiratory disease and to a lesser extent of diarrhoea and dehydration. In newborn siblings of children with atopic disease exclusively breast-fed for a minimum of six weeks, the incidence of eczema, recurrent wheezing, elevated serum IgE-antibodies to cow's milk, complement activation in vivo after milk challenge and hemagglutinating antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin was significantly lower compared with formula-fed matched group. These observations provide clinical data attesting the immunologic advantages of human milk.
264 citations
TL;DR: The catch-all parties have succeeded only in countries which experienced crises and disruptions in development as mentioned in this paper, and the strength of partisan attachments prevent the success of catch-alls. But there is little evidence for this.
Abstract: Otto Kirchheimer has argued that a transformation of Western European party systems is under way. If Kirchheimer's assertions about the emergence and success of catch‐all parties are correct, we should discover decreased fragmentation in Western European party systems. However, there is little evidence for this. In recent years many party systems have become more, rather than less, fragmented. Catch‐all parties have succeeded only in countries which experienced crises and disruptions in development. Elsewhere the strength of partisan attachments prevent the success of catch‐all parties. Increased fragmentation in the 1970s reflects the weakening of partisan attachments, the emergence of new concerns, and growing reactions against goverment policies and practices. Minor parties have gained support because they were better able to mobilise discontent and fulfil the expressive functions of political parties.
161 citations
TL;DR: Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness, particularly in underprivileged population groups, and the correction of postnatal nutritional deficits and/or infection is associated with reversal of immunological functions to normal.
Abstract: . Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness. Both are major contributors to childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in underprivileged population groups. Energy-protein undernutrition and deficiencies of iron, folates and pyridoxine, depress a variety of immunity functions. Delayed hypersensitivity and number of T lymphocytes are consistently reduced. In small-for-gestation low birth weight infants, cell-mediated immunity may remain depressed for several years. B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin levels and antibody responses are generally normal, but secretory IgA-antibody is reduced. Serum complement components are low and there is evidence of in vivo consumption of complement C 3. Neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi is intact but the next step of intracellular killing is impaired. There are changes also in the production of lysozyme and interferon. Infection per se results in nutrient losses, either actual or by sequestration, and produces immunosuppression. The correction of postnatal nutritional deficits and/or infection is associated with reversal of immunological functions to normal. The interplay of nutrition, immunity and infection, and its biological implications are described.
139 citations
TL;DR: The role of the gonad with respect to the sexual development of the immature pituitary gland is discussed in this article, where the authors show that intra-itoneal administration of testosterone promotes the appearance of gonadotropin in juvenile male and female rainbow trout.
127 citations
TL;DR: The two salmon vitellogenic Con AI hormones displayed numerous prominent differences in amino acid and carbohydrate compositions from, and were immunologically remote from, the salmon maturational Con AII hormone.
106 citations
TL;DR: The data do not permit conclusions with respect to memory in these molluscan immune responses, but do imply a qualitative “improvement” in this quasi-immune response of M. californianus.
74 citations
TL;DR: Hippocampectomized rats trained preoperatively and tested for postoperative retention exhibited a non-random selection pattern similar to controls, but they differed significantly in exploratory behavior.
62 citations
TL;DR: The plaice vitellogenic Con AI hormones, distinguished by their nonadsorption on Con A-Sepharose, could be set apart from tetrapod gonadotropins by their extremely low carbohydrate contents.
62 citations
TL;DR: Alcohol-lithium pairings were found to eliminate the capacity of a small dose of alcohol to produce saccharin aversions, and a technique which might be expected to produce an aversion to a drug state would have exactly the opposite effect.
58 citations
TL;DR: It is found that DRw2 was significantly decreased in the JDM group, suggesting a protective effect of the antigen and that the decrease observed in B7 was secondary, and that this second diabetogenic gene is associated primarily with B15 and only secondarily with Cw3, which is in linkage disequilibrium with B 15.
Abstract: We studied the distribution of HLA-D--related (DRw) antigens in 40 patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus (JDM) and 79 matched controls. We found that DRw2 was significantly decreased in the JDM group, suggesting a protective effect of the antigen and that the decrease observed in B7 was secondary. HLA-DRw3 and HLA-DRw4 were increased in the diabetic group, and, as with B8/B15, these two antigen predisposed to the disease additively. The susceptibility for JDM was found to be more strongly related to HLA-DRw3 that to B8. On the other hand, B15 rather than DRw4 showed the stronger association with JDM. Moreover, we found that this second diabetogenic gene is associated primarily with B15 and only secondarily with Cw3, which is in linkage disequilibrium with B15. This study further emphasizes the immunogenetic heterogeneity of JDM.
56 citations
TL;DR: Results of the final experiment suggested that enhanced drinking may have occurred because stimuli that characterized the environment in which preexposures were administered suppressed the action of the pituitary-adrenal system.
Abstract: Rats were given injections of an aversion-inducing drug in one environment, and then conditioned to avoid a novel-tasting saccharin solution. The treatment preexposure effect (i.e., reduced conditioning) was obtained when preexposure and aversion training took place in the same environment, but not in different environments. Additional experiments, which showed that consumption of a novel saccharin solution was selectively enhanced, rather than reduced, following exposure to aversion-inducing drugs, gave evidence that interference in the formation of conditioned taste aversions was not the result of associative blocking. Results of the final experiment suggested that enhanced drinking may have occurred because stimuli that characterized the environment in which preexposures were administered suppressed the action of the pituitary-adrenal system.
TL;DR: The IncN plasmid N3 was transferred to bald strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and Escherichia coli K-12 and in both cases, transconjugants were found to carry short pili, which were designated N pili.
TL;DR: Using these criteria, various biological molecules were tested for their reactivity with singlet oxygen and by studying their effect on oxygen release by the enzymic reaction, it could be ascertained whether they were acting as singinglet oxygen traps or quenchers.
Abstract: Evidence for singlet oxygen formation has been obtained for the lactoperoxidase, H2O2 and bromide system by monitoring 2,3-diphenylfuran and diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation, O2 evolution, and chemiluminescence. This could provide an explanation for the cytotoxic and microbicidal activity of peroxidases and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Evidence for singlet oxygen formation included the following. (a) Chemiluminescence accompanying the enzymic reaction was doubled in a deuterated buffer and inhibited by singlet oxygen traps. (b) The singlet oxygen traps, diphenylfuran and diphenylisobenzofuran, were oxidized to their known singlet oxygen oxidation products in the presence of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and bromide. (c) The rate of oxidation of diphenylfuran and diphenylisobenzofuran was inhibited when monitored in the presence of known singlet oxygen traps or quenchers. (d) Oxygen evolution from the enzymic reaction was inhibited by singlet oxygen traps but not by singlet oxygen quenchers. (e) The traps or quenchers which were effective inhibitors in the experiments above did not inhibit peroxidase activity, were not competitive peroxidase substrates and did not react with the hypobromite intermediate since they did not inhibit hydrogen peroxide consumption by the enzyme. Using these criteria, various biological molecules were tested for their reactivity with singlet oxygen. Furthermore, by studying their effect on oxygen release by the enzymic reaction, it could be ascertained whether they were acting as singlet oxygen traps or quenchers.
TL;DR: It appears unlikely that there is a major alteration in the biotransformation of digoxin in advanced renal failure when there appears to be a shift from renal to slower biliary excretion in NRF and MRF groups.
Abstract: Six subjects with normal renal function (NRF) and 6 patients with minimal renal function (MRF) on 3 times weekly hemodialysis received 150 muCi3H-digoxin-12 alpha orally. Serial urine collections were made for five days or more. Digoxin and metabolites were separated using diethylaminoethyl Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Mean cumulative percentages of the ingested radioactivity excreted over five days in NRF and MRF groups were: digoin, 54.5% and 14.7%; bis-digitoxoside of digoxigenin, 2.0% and 0.59%; mono-digitoxoside, 0.8% and 0.19%; digoxigenin, 0.25% and 0.03%; and dihydrodigoxin, 0.3% and 0.03%. Half-lives based on the mean rates of disappearance from urine comparing NRF and MRF groups were: for digoxin 40 hr and 120 hr; for bis-digitoxoside, 11.5 hr and 46 hr; for mono-digitoxoside, 8.5 hr and 12 hr; for digoxigenin, 2 hr and 7.5 hr; and for dihydrodigoxin, 1.2 hr and 7.0 hr. Considering the relationships of the five-day cumulative excretion and half-lives of digoxin and metabolites in the NRF and MRF groups, it appears unlikely that there is a major alteration in the biotransformation of digoxin in advanced renal failure when there appears to be a shift from renal to slower biliary excretion.
TL;DR: In this article, the buckling of cylindrical shells under the simultaneous action of torsion, external pressure, and axial compression was investigated, taking into account the exact form of the boundary conditions and nonlinear prebuckling deformations.
Abstract: This study consisted of a theoretical and experimental investigation of the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under the simultaneous action of torsion, external pressure, and axial compression. Laminated anisotropic behavior was considered, as was the effect of small axisymmetric shape imperfections. The theoretical analysis took into account the exact form of the boundary conditions and nonlinear prebuckling deformations. Interactive stability surfaces were computed for a variety of laminate configurations together with approximate formulas for buckling under these three loading conditions. Comparisons with experimental data obtained from buckling tests on glass/epoxy cylinders were also made.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the application of fixed point theorems in approximation theory and present the proof of a result for proximity maps in non-compact setting, where the assumption that A and B are complete, convex subsets of an inner product space X, and P 1 and P 2 are proximity maps on a and B, respectively, T being the composition of p 1 and p 2.
Abstract: This chapter discusses the application of fixed point theorems in approximation theory. It presents a few results in approximation theory using fixed point theorems. It presents the proof of a result for proximity maps in noncompact setting. The chapter presents the assumption that A and B are complete, convex subsets of an inner product space X , and P 1 and P 2 are proximity maps on A and B , respectively, T being the composition of P 1 and P 2 . If the sequence of iterates T n+ 1 x 0 = Tx n has a convergent subsequence then T n x 0 converges to a fixed point of T . In case one of the sets is compact, then each sequence has a convergent subsequence.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the southern Burin Peninsula, in the Avalon Zone of eastern Newfoundland, is underlain by the following stratigraphie sequences: clastic sediments derived from subaerial acidic volcanic and high-level plutonic rocks; a conformably overlying submarine basaltic assemblage with alkalic affinities at the base but dominated by tholeiite low in K, Ti, and P, with intermittent occurrences of stromatolitic limestone; unconformable overlying bimodal (tholei
TL;DR: Intraarterial injection of cortisol in the trout Salmo gairdnerii resulted in accumulation of radioactive catabolites in the gall bladder bile, mainly as water-soluble conjugates of polar derivatives of cortisol.
TL;DR: In this article, seasonal movements of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum), were examined in a protected inlet and an exposed cove in Conception Bay, Newfoundland.
Abstract: Seasonal movements of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum), were examined in a protected inlet and an exposed cove in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. Winter flounders remained at both sites except to feed in summer and to avoid extremes of turbulence and ice scouring from fall to spring. In general, winter flounders remain inshore in summer where water temperatures and food are suitable. With gonad ripening in the fall and early winter, they remain in, or move into, shallow water where they will spawn that winter (southern habitats) or spring (northern habitats). During winter in northern habitats, winter flounders will move to deeper water to avoid extremes of turbulence and ice scouring. The evidence indicates that there is no avoidance of cold temperatures in winter.
TL;DR: When urea is added to ribonuclease A that has already been denatured by salt, a second co-operative transition occurs, supporting the previous demonstration that these salts cause only partial denaturation.
TL;DR: A study of the pre-imaginal simuliid fauna of South-East Queensland was conducted to elucidate some of the aspects of their ecology and found that colonization of a particular stream was dependent on the oviposition preference of gravid females while drift, looping, or descent on silk threads was used for larval dispersal from the Oviposition site.
Abstract: A study of the pre-imaginal simuliid fauna of South-East Queensland was conducted to elucidate some of the aspects of their ecology. A total of 17 species of three genera (Cnephia, Austrosimulium and Simulium) bred in the area. The highest diversity of species was found to occur in mountainous areas near the coast which had the following conditions: high rainfall, steep relief, cool temperatures, on the edge of forests with streams of the order 1–3 (using a 1 : 250,000 map). More detailed studies of A. bancrofti, S. nicholsoni and S. ornatipes were made to investigate microdistribution, colonization, drift, pupation timing and population changes. Current velocity was the most important factor determining the distribution of A. bancrofti, while the distribution of S. nicholsoni was influenced by a preference for vegetation substrate and current velocity. Late instar larvae of A. bancrofti and S. ornatipes occurred in faster currents than early instar larvae. Pupae of these two species primarily occurred on the downstream side of submerged substrates. Colonization of a particular stream was dependent on the oviposition preference of gravid females while drift, looping, or descent on silk threads was used for larval dispersal from the oviposition site. Early instars of A. bancrofti drifted from quiet reaches of mature rivers to rapids, while S. ornatipes larvae appeared to be more sessile with limited dispersal from site of egg masses. Drift occurred throughout 24 hours with little change in total numbers. Early instars of A. bancrofti however showed a definite diurnal tendency while the proportion of late instars increased at night. Pupation of S. ornatipes was diurnal under undisturbed conditions. The larvae of A. bancrofti and S. nicholsoni both developed in the Brisbane River system, however the populations of A. bancrofti peaked in late winter, a dry season with stable water conditions while S. nicholsoni larvae were most abundant from late summer, at the end of the rains to the early winter. The larvae of S. ornatipes, which occur in small streams down to temporary trickles, were most numerous during the warm rainy period.
TL;DR: In this issue strategy training and remedial techniques, an application of the successive-simultaneous processing model, is examined by Kaufman and Kaufman for applicability to learning disabled students and Lorenz and Vockell examine the efficacy of the Neurological Impress Method in teaching reading to students with learning problems.
Abstract: In this issue strategy training and remedial techniques, an application of the successive-simultaneous processing model, is examined by Kaufman and Kaufman for applicability to learning disabled students. Similarly, Lorenz and Vockell examine the efficacy of the Neurological Impress Method in teaching reading to students with learning problems. An in-service program designed to assist high school teachers in providing educational services to secondary students with learning problems (Nielsen) is also included in this issue, and Thypin provides the reader with a six-step procedure for selecting books of high interest/low reading level. — D.A.S.
TL;DR: Hippocampectomized rats were impaired in acquisition of the original light/dark discrimination and on the reversal problem with multiple irrelevant cues and did not indicate overresponding to the additional irrelevant cue or to the previously rewarded cue.
TL;DR: Gannet eggs resemble those of other altricial species, having low lipid and high water levels and the energy content of the egg is very small compared to adult metabolic rate, which suggests that gannets invest little in egg production.
TL;DR: A segment of DNA located in the region of the E. coli K12 chromosome previously identified by the Rac phenotype can function as a self-replicating plasmid and contains the origin of replication of a defective prophage postulated to be located in this chromosomal region by Low (1973).
Abstract: A segment of DNA located in the region of the E. coli K12 chromosome previously identified by the Rac phenotype can function as a self-replicating plasmid. Evidence is presented that this plasmid, the oriJ plasmid, contains the origin of replication of a defective prophage postulated to be located in this chromosomal region by Low (1973). The plasmid can only be maintained in strains in which this postulated prophage has been deleted. In strains which possess the prophage selection for plasmid maintenance permits the isolation of clones containing new deletions which we postulate are the result of prophage excision.
TL;DR: Highly purified chum salmon pituitary fractions were bioassayed for their ability to stimulate elongation in hypophysectomized rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and one fraction, previously identified as the Na-retaining principle, prolactin, was not active.
TL;DR: It is proposed that all the human and primate alleles may have evolved from a common ancestral PGM1+1 locus.
Abstract: SummaryFour alleles at the phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) locus in man have been recently demonstrated by isoelectric focusing, and in this study gene frequencies have been estimated for four populations, and significant differences have been indicated between the results. Pedigree analysis of the PGM1 and rhesus loci confirm a weak linkage in males, but none in females. An examination of PGM1 phenotypes in a range of primates shows that a proportion possess a band focusing at the same isoelectric point as human PGM1+1. We propose that all the human and primate alleles may have evolved from a common ancestral PGM1+1 locus.
TL;DR: In this article, the morphology and standing crop of New Zealand Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot are described quantitatively in relation to wave action and latitude.
Abstract: Variations in morphology and standing crop of New Zealand Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot are described quantitatively in relation to wave action and latitude. Distinct “thonged” (very strong wave action) and “cape” (moderate wave action) forms are recognised and described. Complete intergradation occurs, but the extent to which a population tends to one form is indicative of the wave forces predominating. Thonged-form plants show increases in overall length, stipe length and diameter, and degree of division and honeycomb development ofthe blade. Cape-form plants show a reduced overall length, stipe length and diameter, and degree of division and honeycombing of the blade. Where the impact force of waves is exceptionally strong plants may become stunted and lack development of a blade base. Generally the species is scarce where wave action is exceptionally strong or where conditions are calm. Regardless of other conditions prevailing the size of stipes increased with latitude. Water turbu...
TL;DR: A 10-year-old boy first showed features of infantile autism at age 24 months, and Histidinemia was also diagnosed, with histidine blood levels seven times higher than the upper normal values.
Abstract: A 10-year-old boy first showed features of infantile autism at age 24 months. Histidinemia was also diagnosed, with histidine blood levels seven times higher than the upper normal values. If the coexistence of autism and histidinemia was not coincidental, histidinemia may have constituted a necessary but not sufficient factor leading to the clinical condition of autism. Other members of the patient's family had high blood levels of histidine,but did not show symptoms that have been related to histidinemia.