Showing papers by "Memorial University of Newfoundland published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the emerging opportunities brought by 6G technologies in IoT networks and applications, by conducting a holistic survey on the convergence of 6G and IoT, and highlight interesting research challenges and point out potential directions to spur further research in this promising area.
Abstract: The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are envisioned to revolutionize customer services and applications via the Internet of Things (IoT) towards a future of fully intelligent and autonomous systems. In this article, we explore the emerging opportunities brought by 6G technologies in IoT networks and applications, by conducting a holistic survey on the convergence of 6G and IoT. We first shed light on some of the most fundamental 6G technologies that are expected to empower future IoT networks, including edge intelligence, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, space-air-ground-underwater communications, Terahertz communications, massive ultra-reliable and low-latency communications, and blockchain. Particularly, compared to the other related survey papers, we provide an in-depth discussion of the roles of 6G in a wide range of prospective IoT applications via five key domains, namely Healthcare Internet of Things, Vehicular Internet of Things and Autonomous Driving, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Satellite Internet of Things, and Industrial Internet of Things. Finally, we highlight interesting research challenges and point out potential directions to spur further research in this promising area.
305 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the emerging opportunities brought by 6G technologies in IoT networks and applications, by conducting a holistic survey on the convergence of 6G and IoT, and highlight interesting research challenges and point out potential directions to spur further research in this promising area.
Abstract: The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are envisioned to revolutionize customer services and applications via the Internet of Things (IoT) towards a future of fully intelligent and autonomous systems. In this article, we explore the emerging opportunities brought by 6G technologies in IoT networks and applications, by conducting a holistic survey on the convergence of 6G and IoT. We first shed light on some of the most fundamental 6G technologies that are expected to empower future IoT networks, including edge intelligence, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, space-air-ground-underwater communications, Terahertz communications, massive ultra-reliable and low-latency communications, and blockchain. Particularly, compared to the other related survey papers, we provide an in-depth discussion of the roles of 6G in a wide range of prospective IoT applications via five key domains, namely Healthcare Internet of Things, Vehicular Internet of Things and Autonomous Driving, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Satellite Internet of Things, and Industrial Internet of Things. Finally, we highlight interesting research challenges and point out potential directions to spur further research in this promising area.
197 citations
Texas A&M University1, University of Exeter2, University of Helsinki3, Université du Québec à Montréal4, Tanjungpura University5, University of Hawaii at Manoa6, University of Bristol7, Bowdoin College8, Chulalongkorn University9, University of California, Los Angeles10, Max Planck Society11, University of Nottingham12, University of Magallanes13, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research14, Université de Montréal15, Lehigh University16, Northeast Normal University17, Mount Holyoke College18, McGill University19, Stockholm University20, University of Leicester21, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven22, University of St Andrews23, Florida State University24, Aarhus University25, University of Toronto26, University of New Hampshire27, University of Łódź28, Centre national de la recherche scientifique29, Cranfield University30, University of Alberta31, Stockholm Environment Institute32, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory33, United States Geological Survey34, Texas A&M University at Galveston35, University of Victoria36, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań37, Finnish Meteorological Institute38, Royal Holloway, University of London39, University of Queensland40, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory41, National Park Service42, University of York43, Hope College44, University of Reading45, Uva Wellassa University46, Queen's University Belfast47, University of California, Berkeley48, Memorial University of Newfoundland49
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future.
Abstract: The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus. Peatlands are impacted by climate and land-use changes, with feedback to warming by acting as either sources or sinks of carbon. Expert elicitation combined with literature review reveals key drivers of change that alter peatland carbon dynamics, with implications for improving models.
141 citations
17 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate global changes in extent of coral reef habitat, coral reef fishery catches and effort, Indigenous consumption of coral reefs fishes, and coral-reef-associated biodiversity.
Abstract: Summary Coral reefs worldwide are facing impacts from climate change, overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. The cumulative effect of these impacts on global capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services is unknown. Here, we evaluate global changes in extent of coral reef habitat, coral reef fishery catches and effort, Indigenous consumption of coral reef fishes, and coral-reef-associated biodiversity. Global coverage of living coral has declined by half since the 1950s. Catches of coral-reef-associated fishes peaked in 2002 and are in decline despite increasing fishing effort, and catch-per-unit effort has decreased by 60% since 1950. At least 63% of coral-reef-associated biodiversity has declined with loss of coral extent. With projected continued degradation of coral reefs and associated loss of biodiversity and fisheries catches, the well-being and sustainable coastal development of human communities that depend on coral reef ecosystem services are threatened.
127 citations
King's College London1, University at Buffalo2, Goddard Space Flight Center3, University of Bremen4, University of Alaska Fairbanks5, University of Oslo6, Utrecht University7, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research8, Université libre de Bruxelles9, California Institute of Technology10, University of Grenoble11, University of St Andrews12, University of California, San Diego13, University of Edinburgh14, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis15, University of Leeds16, University of Tokyo17, University of Reading18, Met Office19, National Center for Atmospheric Research20, University of Bristol21, Université Paris-Saclay22, Goddard Institute for Space Studies23, Columbia University24, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research25, Victoria University of Wellington26, Los Alamos National Laboratory27, Colorado State University28, Hokkaido University29, University of California, Irvine30, Universities Space Research Association31, University of Liège32, Nagoya University33, Australian Antarctic Division34, University of Tasmania35, University of Lapland36, University of Tromsø37, Norwegian Polar Institute38, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research39, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research40, ETH Zurich41, University of Fribourg42, Vrije Universiteit Brussel43, GNS Science44, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory45, University of Innsbruck46, University of Liverpool47, University of British Columbia48, Carnegie Mellon University49, Memorial University of Newfoundland50, Pennsylvania State University51, University of Potsdam52, Beijing Normal University53, CSC – IT Center for Science54
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate probability distributions for these projections under the new scenarios using statistical emulation of the ice sheet and glacier models, and find that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius would halve the land ice contribution to twenty-first-century sea level rise, relative to current emissions pledges.
Abstract: The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted1 using ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using coordinated exploration of uncertainties arising from the various computer models involved. Two recent international projects generated a large suite of projections using multiple models2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but primarily used previous-generation scenarios9 and climate models10, and could not fully explore known uncertainties. Here we estimate probability distributions for these projections under the new scenarios11,12 using statistical emulation of the ice sheet and glacier models. We find that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius would halve the land ice contribution to twenty-first-century sea level rise, relative to current emissions pledges. The median decreases from 25 to 13 centimetres sea level equivalent (SLE) by 2100, with glaciers responsible for half the sea level contribution. The projected Antarctic contribution does not show a clear response to the emissions scenario, owing to uncertainties in the competing processes of increasing ice loss and snowfall accumulation in a warming climate. However, under risk-averse (pessimistic) assumptions, Antarctic ice loss could be five times higher, increasing the median land ice contribution to 42 centimetres SLE under current policies and pledges, with the 95th percentile projection exceeding half a metre even under 1.5 degrees Celsius warming. This would severely limit the possibility of mitigating future coastal flooding. Given this large range (between 13 centimetres SLE using the main projections under 1.5 degrees Celsius warming and 42 centimetres SLE using risk-averse projections under current pledges), adaptation planning for twenty-first-century sea level rise must account for a factor-of-three uncertainty in the land ice contribution until climate policies and the Antarctic response are further constrained.
120 citations
TL;DR: This review will provide a historical overview of the development and applications of porphyrin-based MOFs from early studies focused on design and structures, to recent efforts on their utilization in biomimetic catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, sensing, and biomedical applications.
111 citations
TL;DR: This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes, and approaches to quantitative risk assessment are briefly discussed.
Abstract: Hydrogen is considered an excellent clean fuel with potential applications in several fields. There are serious safety concerns associated with the hydrogen process. These concerns need to be thoroughly understood and addressed to ensure its safe operation. To better understand the safety challenges of hydrogen use, application, and process, it is essential to undertake a detailed risk analysis. This can be achieved by performing detailed consequence modellings and assessing risk using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes. Range of release and dispersion scenarios are investigated to analyse associated hazards. Approaches to quantitative risk assessment are also briefly discussed.
105 citations
Stanford University1, Indiana University2, Johns Hopkins University3, Vanderbilt University4, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill5, Baylor University Medical Center6, Memorial University of Newfoundland7, Veterans Health Administration8, Tufts University9, University of Glasgow10, Emory University11, Baylor College of Medicine12, Charité13
TL;DR: Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, a class of drugs that stabilize HIF and stimulate erythropoietin and red-cell production as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Background Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, a class of drugs that stabilize HIF and stimulate erythropoietin and red-cell production. Meth...
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of bioplastics on the environment has been investigated and compared with conventional petroleum-based plastics, and it was shown that the harms associated with bioplastic are less severe as compared to conventional plastics.
97 citations
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services1, Arturo Prat University2, University of Porto3, Central University, India4, Shobhit University5, The Volgograd State Medical University6, North-Caucasus Federal University7, Memorial University of Newfoundland8, Tajik Academy of Sciences9, University of Naples Federico II10, Medical University of Lublin11
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the potential of phytosterols in terms of their therapeutic potential for human health, also emphasizing their pre-clinical effects and bioavailability related issues.
Abstract: Phytosterols (PSs) are plant-originated steroids. Over 250 PSs have been isolated, and each plant species contains a characteristic phytosterol composition. A wide number of studies have reported remarkable pharmacological effects of PSs, acting as chemo-preventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic agents. However, PS bioavailability is a key issue, as it can be influenced by several factors (type, source, processing, preparation, delivery method, food matrix, dose, time of administration into the body, and genetic factors), and the existence of a close relationship between their chemical structures (e.g., saturation degree and side chain length) and low absorption rates has been stated. In this sense, the present review intends to provide in-depth data on PS therapeutic potential for human health, also emphasizing their pre-clinical effects and bioavailability-related issues.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine climate change worry, eco-anxiety, and ecological grief in the media, public discourse, and research, but there is not much literature examining these concepts.
Abstract: Climate change worry, eco-anxiety, and ecological grief are concepts that have emerged in the media, public discourse, and research in recent years. However, there is not much literature examining ...
TL;DR: A new path division multiple access (PDMA) for both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) massive multiple-input multiple-output network over a high mobility scenario, where the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is adopted.
Abstract: This article focuses on a new path division multiple access (PDMA) for both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) massive multiple-input multiple-output network over a high mobility scenario, where the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is adopted. First, the 3D UL channel model and the received signal model in the angle-delay-Doppler domain are studied. Secondly, the 3D-Newtonized orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is utilized for the extraction of the UL channel parameters, including channel gains, directions of arrival, delays, and Doppler frequencies, over the antenna-time-frequency domain. Thirdly, we carefully analyze energy dispersion and power leakage of the 3D angle-delay-Doppler channels. Then, along UL, we design a path scheduling algorithm to properly assign angle-domain resources at user sides and to assure that the observation regions for different users do not overlap over the 3D cubic area, i.e., angle-delay-Doppler domain. After scheduling, different users can map their respective data to the scheduled delay-Doppler domain grids, and simultaneously send the data to base station (BS) without inter-user interference in the same OTFS block. Correspondingly, the signals at desired grids within the 3D resource space of BS are separately collected to implement the 3D channel estimation and maximal ratio combining-based data recovery over the angle-delay-Doppler domain. Then, we construct a low complexity beamforming scheme over the angle-delay-Doppler domain to achieve inter-user interference free DL communication. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of our proposed unified UL/DL PDMA scheme.
Charité1, Indiana University2, University of São Paulo3, Tufts University4, University of Glasgow5, Vanderbilt University6, Baylor University Medical Center7, Stanford University8, Memorial University of Newfoundland9, Hofstra University10, Emory University11, Johns Hopkins University12, Baylor College of Medicine13, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio14
TL;DR: Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, a class of compounds that stimulate endogenous erythropoietin production as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Background Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, a class of compounds that stimulate endogenous erythropoietin production. Methods We conducted two r...
TL;DR: In this article, the economic and environmental benefits of stand-alone and grid integration are thoroughly analyzed with different system configurations of a PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery based hybrid energy system (HES) for five different climatic regions using hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER).
TL;DR: In this article, a fuzzy logic model was used to evaluate the capacity of regions to achieve a blue economy from ocean resources, showing that the key differences in the capacity for achieving blue economy are not due to available natural resources but include factors such as national stability, corruption and infrastructure, which can be improved through targeted investments and cross-scale cooperation.
Abstract: The future of the global ocean economy is currently envisioned as advancing towards a ‘blue economy’—socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and economically viable ocean industries1,2. However, tensions exist within sustainable development approaches, arising from differing perspectives framed around natural capital or social equity. Here we show that there are stark differences in outlook on the capacity for establishing a blue economy, and on its potential outcomes, when social conditions and governance capacity—not just resource availability—are considered, and we highlight limits to establishing multiple overlapping industries. This is reflected by an analysis using a fuzzy logic model to integrate indicators from multiple disciplines and to evaluate their current capacity to contribute to establishing equitable, sustainable and viable ocean sectors consistent with a blue economy approach. We find that the key differences in the capacity of regions to achieve a blue economy are not due to available natural resources, but include factors such as national stability, corruption and infrastructure, which can be improved through targeted investments and cross-scale cooperation. Knowledge gaps can be addressed by integrating historical natural and social science information on the drivers and outcomes of resource use and management, thus identifying equitable pathways to establishing or transforming ocean sectors1,3,4. Our results suggest that policymakers must engage researchers and stakeholders to promote evidence-based, collaborative planning that ensures that sectors are chosen carefully, that local benefits are prioritized, and that the blue economy delivers on its social, environmental and economic goals. The capacity to create an equitable and sustainable ‘blue economy’ from ocean resources will be determined by addressing social conditions, governance and infrastructure, not just resource availability, as shown by a fuzzy logic model incorporating multidisciplinary criteria.
Boston University1, University of Rhode Island2, University of New South Wales3, University of Victoria4, Westport Innovations5, Simon Fraser University6, University of Helsinki7, University of California, Davis8, Northeastern University9, Newcastle University10, Wildlife Conservation Society11, Dalhousie University12, California State University, Northridge13, Oregon State University14, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute15, University of Miami16, University of Chicago17, Smith College18, Memorial University of Newfoundland19
TL;DR: In this article, the authors advocate shifting the outdated value system to advance science through principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, and outline pathways for a paradigm shift in scientific values based on multidimensional mentorship and promoting mentee well-being.
Abstract: Success and impact metrics in science are based on a system that perpetuates sexist and racist "rewards" by prioritizing citations and impact factors. These metrics are flawed and biased against already marginalized groups and fail to accurately capture the breadth of individuals' meaningful scientific impacts. We advocate shifting this outdated value system to advance science through principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. We outline pathways for a paradigm shift in scientific values based on multidimensional mentorship and promoting mentee well-being. These actions will require collective efforts supported by academic leaders and administrators to drive essential systemic change.
TL;DR: The results confirm that the proposed method effectively detects potential fault conditions in multivariate dynamic systems by detecting the fault symptoms early as possible.
Wageningen University and Research Centre1, University of Wisconsin-Madison2, University of Montana3, University of California, San Diego4, Leibniz Association5, University of Tübingen6, Jenderal Soedirman University7, University of São Paulo8, University of Potsdam9, University of California, Merced10, University of Málaga11, University of California, Riverside12, Pasteur Institute13, Université Paris-Saclay14, Carnegie Mellon University15, Leiden University16, University of Porto17, University of Helsinki18, Yale University19, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center20, University of Antwerp21, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp22, Technical University of Berlin23, J. Craig Venter Institute24, Georgia Institute of Technology25, Charité26, Sunchon National University27, Sookmyung Women's University28, Northwestern University29, Sungkyunkwan University30, University of Bonn31, Princeton University32, University of Copenhagen33, University of Illinois at Chicago34, Point Loma Nazarene University35, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign36, University of Nottingham37, Purdue University38, ETH Zurich39, Santa Catarina Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology40, Memorial University of Newfoundland41, Federal University of Ceará42, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences43, University of Glasgow44
TL;DR: The Paired Omics Data Platform as mentioned in this paper is a community initiative to systematically document links between metabolome and (meta)genome data, aiding identification of natural product biosynthetic origins and metabolite structures.
Abstract: Genomics and metabolomics are widely used to explore specialized metabolite diversity. The Paired Omics Data Platform is a community initiative to systematically document links between metabolome and (meta)genome data, aiding identification of natural product biosynthetic origins and metabolite structures.
TL;DR: This article considers an IRS-aided multiuser THz MIMO system with orthogonal frequency-division multiple (OFDM) access, where the sparse radio frequency chain antenna structure is adopted for reducing the power consumption.
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) communication has been regarded as one promising technology to enhance the transmission capacity of future Internet-of-Things (IoT) users due to its ultrawide bandwidth. Nonetheless, one major obstacle that prevents the actual deployment of THz lies in its inherent huge attenuation. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) represent two effective solutions for compensating the large path loss in THz systems. In this article, we consider an IRS-aided multiuser THz MIMO system with orthogonal frequency-division multiple (OFDM) access, where the sparse radio frequency chain antenna structure is adopted for reducing the power consumption. The objective is to maximize the weighted sum rate via jointly optimizing the hybrid analog/digital beamforming at the base station (BS) and reflection matrix at the IRS. Since the analog beamforming and reflection matrix need to cater all users and subcarriers, it is difficult to directly solve the formulated problem, and thus, an alternatively iterative optimization algorithm is proposed. Specifically, the analog beamforming is designed by solving a MIMO capacity maximization problem, while the digital beamforming and reflection matrix optimization are both tackled using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Considering that obtaining perfect channel state information (CSI) is a challenging task in IRS-based systems, we further explore the case with the imperfect CSI for the channels from the IRS to users. Under this setup, we propose a robust beamforming and reflection matrix design scheme for the originally formulated nonconvex optimization problem. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Amanda E. Bates1, Richard B. Primack2, Brandy S. Biggar1, Tomas J. Bird3 +343 more•Institutions (106)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies.
The Chinese University of Hong Kong1, University of Freiburg2, Wayne State University3, Clínica Alemana4, Virginia Commonwealth University5, Heidelberg University6, Royal North Shore Hospital7, Tunis University8, Jagiellonian University Medical College9, St. Michael's Hospital10, University of Lisbon11, Guangdong General Hospital12, Aarhus University Hospital13, Humanitas University14, Brigham and Women's Hospital15, Peking Union Medical College16, Newcastle University17, University of Manitoba18, Complutense University of Madrid19, University of Palermo20, Fudan University21, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences22, Memorial Hospital of South Bend23, Hospital Clínico San Carlos24, Memorial University of Newfoundland25, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust26, Medical University of Graz27, Wellington Hospital28, Université de Montréal29, University of Amsterdam30, University of Cambridge31, Hull York Medical School32, Emory University33, Harvard University34, Yonsei University35, National Taiwan University36, Columbia University37, Cairo University38, Cleveland Clinic39, Rabin Medical Center40, McMaster University41, University of Ulsan42, Alexandra Hospital43, Capital Medical University44, Harbin Medical University45, University of New South Wales46, University of Washington47, Medical University of South Carolina48, Golden Jubilee National Hospital49, University of Indonesia50, Universidad San Francisco de Quito51, Emory Healthcare52, Haukeland University Hospital53, Lund University54, University of California, San Diego55, St George's Hospital56, Sahlgrenska University Hospital57, CARE Hospitals58, McGill University Health Centre59, AHEPA University Hospital60, St Bartholomew's Hospital61, Boone Hospital Center62, St. George's University63, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai64, Bristol Royal Infirmary65, New York University66, Medical University of Vienna67, Stanford University68, University of Szeged69, Royal Columbian Hospital70, University of Western Ontario71, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center72, Tongji University73
TL;DR: In this paper, a global chronic total occlusion crossing algorithm was developed, which is followed by a careful angiographic review focusing on proximal cap morphology, occlusions segment, distal vessel quality, and collateral circulation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new variant of GA for FS which uses GDA to strengthen its exploitational ability and application of the proposed method on 15 well-known UCI datasets using KNN, MLP and SVM classifiers.
Abstract: Feature selection methods are used to identify and remove irrelevant and redundant attributes from the original feature vector that do not have much contribution to enhance the performance of a predictive model. Meta-heuristic feature selection algorithms, used as a solution to this problem, need to have a good trade-off between exploitation and exploration of the search space. Genetic Algorithm (GA), a popular meta-heuristic algorithm, lacks exploitation capability, which in turn affects the local search ability of the algorithm. Basically, GA uses mutation operation to take care of exploitation which has certain limitations. As a result, GA gets stuck in local optima. To encounter this problem, in the present work, we have intelligently blended the Great Deluge Algorithm (GDA), a local search algorithm, with GA. Here GDA is used in place of mutation operation of the GA. Application of GDA yields a high degree of exploitation through the use of perturbation of candidate solutions. The proposed method is named as Deluge based Genetic Algorithm (DGA). We have applied the DGA on 15 publicly available standard datasets taken from the UCI dataset repository. To show the classifier independent nature of the proposed feature selection method, we have used 3 different classifiers namely K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Comparison of DGA has been performed with other contemporary algorithms like the basic version of GA, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Histogram based Multi-Objective GA (HMOGA). From the comparison results, it has been observed that DGA performs much better than others in most of the cases. Thus, our main contributions in this paper are introduction of a new variant of GA for FS which uses GDA to strengthen its exploitational ability and application of the proposed method on 15 well-known UCI datasets using KNN, MLP and SVM classifiers.
TL;DR: In this article, a joint optimization of transmission time and bandwidth allocation, power control, and UAV placement is proposed to maximize the UAV transmit power efficiency, via a joint optimisation of transmission times, bandwidth allocation and power control.
Abstract: Federated learning (FL), invented by Google in 2016, has become a hot research trend. However, enabling FL in wireless networks has to overcome the limited battery challenge of mobile users. In this regard, we propose to apply unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-empowered wireless power transfer to enable sustainable FL-based wireless networks. The objective is to maximize the UAV transmit power efficiency, via a joint optimization of transmission time and bandwidth allocation, power control, and the UAV placement. Directly solving the formulated problem is challenging, due to the coupling of variables. Hence, we leverage the decomposition technique and a successive convex approximation approach to develop an efficient algorithm, namely UAV for sustainable FL (UAV-SFL). Finally, simulations illustrate the potential of our proposed UAV-SFL approach in providing a sustainable solution for FL-based wireless networks, and in reducing the UAV transmit power by 32.95%, 63.18%, and 78.81% compared with the benchmarks.
Hofstra University1, University of Toronto2, Wayne State University3, Veterans Health Administration4, Memorial University of Newfoundland5, Henry Ford Hospital6, Duke University7, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center8, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center9, University of Ottawa10, University of Miami11, Rockefeller University12, University of Pennsylvania13, Emory University14, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill15, University of Western Ontario16, University of California, San Francisco17
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide evidence-based screening recommendations for comorbidities linked to Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in patients relative to the general population.
Abstract: Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with comorbidities that contribute to poor health, impaired life quality, and mortality risk. Objective To provide evidence-based screening recommendations for comorbidities linked to HS. Methods Systematic reviews were performed to summarize evidence on the prevalence and incidence of 30 comorbidities in patients with HS relative to the general population. The screening recommendation for each comorbidity was informed by the consistency and quality of existing studies, disease prevalence, and magnitude of association, as well as benefits, harms, and feasibility of screening. The level of evidence and strength of corresponding screening recommendation were graded by using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) criteria. Results Screening is recommended for the following comorbidities: acne, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, pilonidal disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, suicide, smoking, substance use disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, spondyloarthritis, and sexual dysfunction. It is also recommended to screen patients with Down syndrome for HS. The decision to screen for specific comorbidities may vary with patient risk factors. The role of the dermatologist in screening varies according to comorbidity. Limitations Screening recommendations represent one component of a comprehensive care strategy. Conclusions Dermatologists should support screening efforts to identify comorbid conditions in HS.
United Nations Environment Programme1, Dalhousie University2, University of Tasmania3, Louisiana State University4, University of Texas at Austin5, Queensland University of Technology6, IFREMER7, University of California, Los Angeles8, École Normale Supérieure9, Massachusetts Institute of Technology10, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research11, University of British Columbia12, Spanish National Research Council13, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory14, Memorial University of Newfoundland15, University of New South Wales16, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation17, University of Queensland18, McGill University19, National Marine Fisheries Service20, University of Cape Town21, University of Wisconsin-Madison22, Texas A&M University23, Princeton University24
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled ModelIntercomparisons Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems.
Abstract: Projections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation and high-emissions scenarios due to elevated warming, despite greater uncertainty in net primary production in the high-emissions scenario. Regional shifts in the direction of biomass changes highlight the continued and urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change to help support adaptation planning.
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis was conducted using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline as mentioned in this paper, which revealed a 0.40% prevalence (95% CI, 0.26%-0.63%) for Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa.
Abstract: Importance Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by occlusion of hair follicles as a primary pathogenic factor. There are scarce data regarding the prevalence of HS.
Objective To estimate overall HS prevalence.
Data Sources This review and meta-regression analysis was conducted using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline. The academic search included PubMed, Cochrane registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and evidence by NHS UK and Trip databases from inception through May 2020. To analyze HS prevalence, only cross-sectional studies or baseline assessments of longitudinal cohorts using census-based surveys or probabilistic and nonprobabilistic epidemiologic methods were considered. The search terms were (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) AND (hidradenitis suppurativa OR acne inversa OR Verneuil’s disease). No language restriction was applied.
Study Selection Original investigations that reported HS prevalence were included. After exclusion criteria were applied, 17 studies qualified for qualitative analysis, but only 16 studies were quantitatively assessed.
Data Extraction and Measures Two reviewers extracted data by age, diagnostic criteria, presence of any comorbidity, sample sizes, continent/location, sex, and other characteristics. Assessment of bias risk used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence.
Main Outcomes and Measures Hidradenitis suppurativa prevalence (with 95% CI) among the overall population and among subgroups. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic).
Results In 16 quantitatively assessed studies included, prevalence estimates were reported only from Western European and Scandinavian countries, the US, and Australia. Meta-analysis with random effects, after adjusting for publication bias in the prevalence estimates, revealed a 0.40% prevalence (95% CI, 0.26%-0.63%) for HS. Studies based on clinical samples revealed a higher pooled prevalence of HS (1.7%) than population-based studies (0.3%).
Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this systematic review and meta-regression analysis may help facilitate policy formulation, channeling funding and guiding principles for better disease diagnosis using universal valid tools and management.
TL;DR: This letter investigates the use of active elements in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to overcome the double-fading problem introduced in the RIS-aided link in a wireless communications system and proposes a practical design for active RIS.
Abstract: In this letter, we investigate the use of active elements in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to overcome the double-fading problem introduced in the RIS-aided link in a wireless communications system. Towards this end, each active RIS element amplifies the reflected incident signal rather than only reflecting it has done in passive RIS modules. As revealed in our analysis and simulation, the use of active elements leads to a drastic reduction in the size of RIS to achieve a given performance level. Furthermore, a practical design for active RIS is proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided wireless communication system in an inband underlay D2D communication, where the direct link between DUs is unavailable, is investigated, and analytical results for the secrecy outage probability and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity are derived for the cellular network.
Abstract: This letter investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided wireless communication system in an inband underlay Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, where the direct link between D2D users is unavailable. An RIS is used to adjust its reflecting elements to enhance the D2D communication data transmission while improving the cellular network’s secrecy performance concurrently. Specifically, analytical results for the secrecy outage probability and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity are derived for the cellular network. Moreover, the D2D outage probability is also provided. Simulation and analytical results are presented to verify the derived expressions’ correctness and the effectiveness of the proposed scenario. Moreover, the asymptotic results are presented.
University of South Carolina1, Memorial University of Newfoundland2, McGill University3, Yale University4, University of British Columbia5, University of Tasmania6, Agrocampus Ouest7, Hobart Corporation8, University of Washington9, Texas A&M University10, École Normale Supérieure11, National Marine Fisheries Service12, Wellesley College13, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration14, Stanford University15, Stockholm Resilience Centre16
TL;DR: It is important that the processes controlling transfer efficiency in models are more fully resolved to effectively anticipate changes in marine ecosystems and fisheries resources.
Abstract: Transfer efficiency is the proportion of energy passed between nodes in food webs. It is an emergent, unitless property that is difficult to measure, and responds dynamically to environmental and ecosystem changes. Because the consequences of changes in transfer efficiency compound through ecosystems, slight variations can have large effects on food availability for top predators. Here, we review the processes controlling transfer efficiency, approaches to estimate it, and known variations across ocean biomes. Both process-level analysis and observed macroscale variations suggest that ecosystem-scale transfer efficiency is highly variable, impacted by fishing, and will decline with climate change. It is important that we more fully resolve the processes controlling transfer efficiency in models to effectively anticipate changes in marine ecosystems and fisheries resources.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the water quality of River Gomti across its stretch of ~960 km through the assessment of 'Water Quality Index' (WQI).
Abstract: The COVID-19 lockdown has been reported as a "ventilator" for the reinstatement of natural resources across the globe. Hence, the present study attempts to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the water quality of River Gomti across its stretch of ~960 km through the assessment of 'Water Quality Index' (WQI). The study also highlights the potential risk of faecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 through intake of river water facing the issue of direct discharge of domestic sewage. A deterioration in the water quality was witnessed at ~69% sampling locations during the lockdown period (May 2020). Interestingly, none of the water samples during the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods across the whole stretch belonged to the "excellent" category (WQI<25). The DO levels fell across ~69% and ~88% of the sites during the lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively. Moreover, there was an increase in the BOD5 levels across ~69% and 75% of the sites during lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively. These findings indicate that the release of sewage without or with partial treatment is a chief contributor of water pollution in the groundwater fed River Gomti. Thereby, highlighting the possible risk of faecal-oral transmission of the corona virus, and creating a major concern for the residents across its stretch. The urban sprawl and riverfront development in Lucknow city also emerge as potential causes of water quality deterioration in River Gomti, considering that the water quality at five sites within the city was under the "unfit" category regardless of the lockdown situation. Thus, the urgent need of management of domestic sewage release into the river and further research on the potential risk of faecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 have been suggested in the study.