scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Memorial University of Newfoundland

EducationSt. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
About: Memorial University of Newfoundland is a education organization based out in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gadus. The organization has 13818 authors who have published 27785 publications receiving 743594 citations. The organization is also known as: Memorial University & Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluation of Cinacalcet Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events will determine whether management of secondary hyperparathyroidism with cinacAlcet reduces the risk for mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.
Abstract: Background and Objectives: The dramatically high rates of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity observed among dialysis patients highlights the importance of identifying and implementing strategies to lower cardiovascular risk in this population. Results from clinical trials undertaken thus far, including trials on lipid reduction, normalization of hematocrit, and increased dialysis dosage, have been unsuccessful. Available data indicate that abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, as a result of either secondary hyperparathyroidism alone or the therapeutic measures used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism, are associated with an increased risk for death and cardiovascular events. However, no prospective trials have evaluated whether interventions that modify these laboratory parameters result in a reduction in adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Evaluation of Cinacalcet Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events is a global, phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of cinacalcet on mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Approximately 3800 patients from 22 countries will be randomly assigned to cinacalcet or placebo. Flexible use of traditional therapies will be permitted. The primary end point is the composite of time to all-cause mortality or first nonfatal cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or peripheral vascular disease, including lower extremity revascularization and nontraumatic amputation). Results: The study will be event driven (terminated at 1882 events) with an anticipated duration of approximately 4 yr. Conclusions: Evaluation of Cinacalcet Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events will determine whether management of secondary hyperparathyroidism with cinacalcet reduces the risk for mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that tax aggressive U.S. public firms are less likely to commit accounting fraud than non-aggressive firms, and applied factor analysis to identify tax avoidance with a common factor extracted from the underlying proxies and match on propensity scores.
Abstract: There are competing arguments and mixed prior evidence on whether firms that are aggressive in their financial reporting exhibit more or less tax aggressiveness. Our research contributes to resolving this issue by examining the association between aggressive tax reporting and the incidence of alleged accounting fraud. Relying on several proxies for tax aggressiveness to triangulate our evidence, we generally find that tax aggressive U.S. public firms are less likely to commit accounting fraud. However, we caution that our results are sensitive to how tax aggressiveness is measured. More specifically, four (two) of the five (three) proxies for firms� effective tax rates (book-tax differences) load positively (negatively) during the 1981�2001 period, implying that fraud firms are less tax aggressiveness. Our inferences persist when we isolate the 1995�2001 period in which accounting impropriety steeply rose and corporate tax compliance steeply fell. Moreover, we continue to find that tax aggressive firms are less apt to fraudulently manipulate their financial statements when we apply factor analysis to identify tax avoidance with a common factor extracted from the underlying proxies and match on propensity scores to ensure that the fraud and nonfraud samples have very similar nontax characteristics.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of the efficiency and accuracy of several methods for the calculation of the permeability of a model DMPC bilayer to urea, benzoic acid, and codeine shows that Pm can be reliably estimated from only a few data points, leading to recommendations for calculating Pm from simulations.
Abstract: Predicting the rate of nonfacilitated permeation of solutes across lipid bilayers is important to drug design, toxicology, and signaling. These rates can be estimated using molecular dynamics simulations combined with the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model, which requires calculation of the potential of mean force and position-dependent diffusivity of the solute along the transmembrane axis. In this paper, we assess the efficiency and accuracy of several methods for the calculation of the permeability of a model DMPC bilayer to urea, benzoic acid, and codeine. We compare umbrella sampling, replica exchange umbrella sampling, adaptive biasing force, and multiple-walker adaptive biasing force for the calculation of the transmembrane PMF. No definitive advantage for any of these methods in their ability to predict the membrane permeability coefficient Pm was found, provided that a sufficiently long equilibration is performed. For diffusivities, a Bayesian inference method was compared to a generalized ...

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that, despite local protections, the warming associated with continued business-as-usual emissions (RCP8.5) will likely result in further habitat and species losses throughout low-latitude and tropical MPAs.
Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary management tool for mitigating threats to marine biodiversity1,2. MPAs and the species they protect, however, are increasingly being impacted by climate change. Here we show that, despite local protections, the warming associated with continued business-as-usual emissions (RCP8.5) 3 will likely result in further habitat and species losses throughout low-latitude and tropical MPAs4,5. With continued business-as-usual emissions, mean sea-surface temperatures within MPAs are projected to increase 0.035 °C per year and warm an additional 2.8 °C by 2100. Under these conditions, the time of emergence (the year when sea-surface temperature and oxygen concentration exceed natural variability) is mid-century in 42% of 309 no-take marine reserves. Moreover, projected warming rates and the existing ‘community thermal safety margin’ (the inherent buffer against warming based on the thermal sensitivity of constituent species) both vary among ecoregions and with latitude. The community thermal safety margin will be exceeded by 2050 in the tropics and by 2150 for many higher latitude MPAs. Importantly, the spatial distribution of emergence is stressor-specific. Hence, rearranging MPAs to minimize exposure to one stressor could well increase exposure to another. Continued business-as-usual emissions will likely disrupt many marine ecosystems, reducing the benefits of MPAs.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the NO produced in roots of wild-type plants inhibits aconitase which results in accumulation of citrate, the latter in turn inducing AOX and causing a shift of metabolism towards amino acid biosynthesis.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule involved in signalling and in hypoxic metabolism. This work used the nitrate reductase double mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (nia) and studied metabolic profiles, aconitase activity, and alternative oxidase (AOX) capacity and expression under normoxia and hypoxia (1% oxygen) in wild-type and nia plants. The roots of nia plants accumulated very little NO as compared to wild-type plants which exhibited ∼20-fold increase in NO emission under low oxygen conditions. These data suggest that nitrate reductase is involved in NO production either directly or by supplying nitrite to other sites of NO production (e.g. mitochondria). Various studies revealed that NO can induce AOX in mitochondria, but the mechanism has not been established yet. This study demonstrates that the NO produced in roots of wild-type plants inhibits aconitase which in turn leads to a marked increase in citrate levels. The accumulating citrate enhances AOX capacity, expression, and protein abundance. In contrast to wild-type plants, the nia double mutant failed to show AOX induction. The overall induction of AOX in wild-type roots correlated with accumulation of glycine, serine, leucine, lysine, and other amino acids. The findings show that NO inhibits aconitase under hypoxia which results in accumulation of citrate, the latter in turn inducing AOX and causing a shift of metabolism towards amino acid biosynthesis.

161 citations


Authors

Showing all 13990 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Daniel Levy212933194778
Rakesh K. Jain2001467177727
Peter W.F. Wilson181680139852
Martin G. Larson171620117708
Peter B. Jones145185794641
Dafna D. Gladman129103675273
Guoyao Wu12276456270
Fereidoon Shahidi11995157796
David Harvey11573894678
Robert C. Haddon11257752712
Se-Kwon Kim10276339344
John E. Dowling9430528116
Mark J. Sarnak9439342485
William T. Greenough9320029230
Soottawat Benjakul9289134336
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of Alberta
154.8K papers, 5.3M citations

94% related

University of British Columbia
209.6K papers, 9.2M citations

93% related

McGill University
162.5K papers, 6.9M citations

92% related

University of Toronto
294.9K papers, 13.5M citations

92% related

McMaster University
101.2K papers, 4.2M citations

92% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202386
2022269
20211,808
20201,749
20191,568
20181,516