Memorial University of Newfoundland

About: Memorial University of Newfoundland is a education organization based out in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gadus. The organization has 13818 authors who have published 27785 publications receiving 743594 citations. The organization is also known as: Memorial University & Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Children's memory for traumatic injury.

Abstract: Children between 2 and 13 years who suffered traumatic injury necessitating hospital emergency room treatment were recruited as subjects. They (and adult witnesses) were interviewed a few days and 6 months later, using free and probed recall, about both injury and hospital treatment. Children at all ages were able to provide considerable information about both stressful events, although the amount of detail increased with age. They also made few commission errors. Surprisingly, children's distress at time of injury did not affect the amount or accuracy of their recall of that event, whereas distress during hospital treatment did decrease recall. A tripartite classification into 3 categories of detail was used: central, peripheral--inside the emotional events, or peripheral--outside those events. Children's recall differed depending upon detail category. Implications for children's testimony are discussed.

Acid-treated starches

Abstract: Acids such as HCl and H2SO4 cause scission of the glucosidic linkages, thereby altering the structure and properties of the native starch. The amorphous regions of the starch granule are more susceptible to acid hydrolysis than the crystalline regions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on: (1) the extent of acid hydrolysis of starches from different botanical origins; (2) the changes in molar mass, crystallinity, viscosity, gel rigidity and gelatinization transition temperatures on acid hydrolysis; (3) the effect of annealing, heat–moisture treatment, high pressure, and amylose-complexed lipids on the rate and extent of acid hydrolysis and; (4) the mechanism of acid hydrolysis in an alcoholic media.

A Photo Elicitation Study of the Meanings of Outdoor Adventure Experiences

Abstract: This study explored the meanings of participating in college-based outdoor programs utilizing an innovative research methodology. Individual photo elicitation interviews were conducted with 14 part...

Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length to predict preterm birth in asymptomatic women at increased risk: a systematic review.

Abstract: Objectives To estimate the ability of cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography in asymptomatic high-risk women to predict spontaneous preterm birth. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published in any language between January 1980 and July 2006, using the keywords ‘transvaginal ultrasonography’ or (‘cervix’ and (‘ultrasound’ or ‘ultrasonography’ or ‘sonography’)); and (‘preterm’ or ‘premature’) and (‘delivery’ or ‘labour/labor’ or ‘birth’), identifying cohort studies evaluating transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical length measurement in predicting preterm birth in asymptomatic women who were considered at increased risk (because of a history of spontaneous preterm birth, uterine anomalies or excisional cervical procedures), with intact membranes and singleton gestations. The primary analysis included all studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Secondary analyses were also performed specifically for (1) women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth; (2) those who had undergone an excisional cervical procedure; and (3) those with uterine anomalies. Results Fourteen of 322 articles identified (involving 2258 women) met the criteria for systematic review. Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography predicted spontaneous preterm birth. The shorter the cervical length cut-off the higher the positive likelihood ratio (LR). The most common cervical length cut-off was 24 weeks, LR+ = 4.01 (95% CI, 2.53–6.34). In women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth (six studies involving 663 women) cervical length at 24 weeks), finding cervical length at < 24 weeks to be predictive of spontaneous preterm birth at < 35 weeks (LR+ = 2.91, 95% CI, 1.69–5.01). One study (of 64 women) evaluated cervical length in women with uterine anomalies, finding it predictive of spontaneous preterm birth at < 35 weeks (LR+ = 8.14, 95% CI, 3.12–21.25). Conclusion Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography in asymptomatic high-risk women predicts spontaneous preterm birth at < 35 weeks. Further research may be warranted to evaluate the use of transvaginal ultrasonography after 24 weeks' gestation in women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth, and in women with uterine anomalies. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hydroxycinnamates and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities

Abstract: Hydroxycinnamates are among the most widely distributed plant phenylpropanoids present in the free, conjugated-soluble and insoluble-bound forms. This review will focus on the occurrence, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of ferulic, coumaric, caffeic and sinapic acids and their derivatives. Hydroxycinnamates are found in almost all food groups though they are abundant in cereals, legumes, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables and beverages and render antioxidant activity by scavenging hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical anion, several organic radicals, peroxyl radical, peroxinitrite and singlet oxygen, among others. Further, their antioxidant activity as chain breaking antioxidants and reducing agents is also notable. Ferulic acid and its derivatives such as ferulic acid ethyl ester, ferulic acid dehydrodimers, feruloyl glycosides and curcumin have demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Similarly, caffeic acid and some of its derivatives such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid exhibit antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for caffeic acid whereas p-coumaric acid had the least effect among major hydroxycinnamic acids. The importance of structural effects on the potency of antioxidant activity of hydroxycinnamates is discussed. While this review also shows the existence of substantial body of evidences for in vitro antioxidant activity of hydroxycinnamates, there is a clear gap for in vivo information, particularly for sinapic and p-coumaric acids and their derivatives. The role of grains, fruits, vegetables and red wine in disease risk reduction and health promotion could partly be attributed to their constituent hydroxycinnamates.