Showing papers by "Michigan State University published in 1978"
TL;DR: The original Lowry method of protein determination has been modified by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the alkali reagent and an increase in the amount of copper tartrate reagent to be used with membrane and lipoprotein preparations without prior solubilization or lipid extraction.
6,336 citations
TL;DR: The stability and sparing solubility of this chloroglycoluril in water can account for the minimal damage to proteins and living cells observed in these iodinations and allow for elimination of the reduction step employed at the close of iodinations with soluble chloroamides such as chloramine-T.
4,494 citations
01 Feb 1978
1,142 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity analysis presented in this paper is nonlinear and thus permits one to study the effects of large deviations from the nominal parameter values, and since all parameters are varied simultaneously, one can explore regions of parameter space where several parameters deviate simultaneously from their nominal values.
642 citations
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TL;DR: (1978).
Abstract: (1978). Trauma and Affects. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 81-116.
290 citations
277 citations
TL;DR: Female rats located near a male during uterine development showed increased frequencies of male-like behavior as adults and virilization of genital morphology and these changes were blocked by prenatal treatment with the anti-androgen, Flutamide.
276 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an exploratory investigation seeks to assess which party initiates the selection episode, how the other party responds, the content and tone of communication, and occurrence of unpleasant consequences such as arguments or unhappiness.
Abstract: Patterns of interaction between parents and children were unobtrusively observed in supermarkets to determine the processes and effects of decision-making in the selection of breakfast cereals. This exploratory investigation seeks to assess which party initiates the selection episode, how the other party responds, the content and tone of communication, and occurrence of unpleasant consequences such as arguments or unhappiness. To examine the key elements of the cereal purchase decisions, observers monitored exchanges in parentchild dyads in a natural supermarket setting. Observers surreptitiously viewed the behavior of parents and children at the cereal shelves as the process unfolded, and recorded the sequence of action along with the characteristics of the participants. The investigation focuses on cereal selection because this product is most frequently involved in parent-child consumer interactions, and because advertising research indicates that television commercials have a major impact on children's cereal requests.
267 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarization of a quark was shown to be perturbable in quantum chromodynamics for a given quark in the scaling limit, and it was shown that the quark's polarization can be computed perturbatively in the quantum-chromodynamics setting.
Abstract: We point out that the polarization $P$ of a scattered or produced quark is calculable perturbatively in quantum chromodynamics for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\overline{q}$, large-${p}_{T}$ hadron reactions, and large-${Q}^{2}$ leptoproduction, and is infrared finite. The quantum-chromodynamics prediction is that $P=0$ in the scaling limit. Experimental tests are or will soon be possible in $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}X$ [where presently $P(\ensuremath{\Lambda})\ensuremath{\simeq}25%$ for ${p}_{T}g2$ GeV/c] and in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{quark}\mathrm{jets}$.
232 citations
TL;DR: The ovaries of old rats are capable of near normal function under appropriate gonadotropic stimulation, and it is concluded that the major cause for cessation of regular estrous cycles in old rats lies in altered hypothalamo-pituitary function.
Abstract: Serum estradiol, progesterone, LH, and FSH were determined by RIA in 20- to 30-month-old constant estrous (CE), irregular pseudopregnant (PP), and anestrous (AS) female rats and from 4- to 5-month-old cycling female rats. Disruption of the estrous cycle in aging rats was associated with major changes in secretion of pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian steroids. None of the old rats, in contrast to the young rats, showed cyclic changes in any of the hormones studied. Serum progesterone was much higher in the PP than in the other two old groups, serum estradiol averaged somewhat higher in the CE than in the other two aged groups, and all four hormones were lower in the AS rats than in any other group. Basal serum FSH values were higher in the old CE rats than in either of the other old age groups and were slightly higher than in young rats on the afternoon of proestrus or morning of estrus. Serum FSH values were lower in the old PP and AS rats than in young rats on the afternoon of proestrus or morning of estrus. Serum FSH values were lower in the old PP and AS rats than in young rats on the afternoon of proestrus or morning of estrus. Serum values in the old CE rats were about the same as in young rats on the morning of proestrus or estrus, about the same in old PP rats as in young rats during diestrus, and were undectable in old AS rats. Since the ovaries of old rats are capable of near normal function under appropriate gonadotropic stimulation, it is concluded that the major cause for cessation of regular estrous cycles in old rats lies in altered hypothalamo-pituitary function.
223 citations
TL;DR: Blood leads of 32 well children measured before and after the summer show a significant elevation indicating that circulating lead is seasonally mobilized from the body burden, indicating public health screening programs should ideally be conducted in summer to identify the maximum number of children at risk.
TL;DR: Analysis of the action of the benzodiazepine derivative and praziquantel on the parasite's musculature shows that Ro 11-3128 and PZ produced a rapid rise in the tension of theMusculature of male schistomomes, and it is suggested that this interference with inorganic ion transport mechanisms causes the contraction of the schistosome Musculature.
Abstract: The benzodiazepine derivative (Ro 11-3128) which has central nervous effects similar to other benzodiazepines, and praziquantel (PZ), are two new antischistosomal drugs. At low concentrations these drugs will produce a marked spastic paralysis of male Schistosoma mansoni musculature. An analysis of the action of these drugs on the parasite's musculature shows that Ro 11-3128 and PZ produced a rapid rise in the tension of the musculature of male schistomomes. Various compounds known to interact with the schistosome's neuroreceptive sites did not block or potentiate the action of these drugs. Removal of Ca2+ or addition of Mg2+ to the incubation medium blocked the action of these drugs on the schistosome's musculature. Uptake studies of inorganic cations by male schistosome's indicate that Ro 11-3128 and PZ decrease the influx of K+ but stimulate the influx of Ca2+ and Na+ into the male schistosome. It is suggested that this interference with inorganic ion transport mechanisms causes the contraction of the schistosome musculature.
TL;DR: In this paper, surface compositional changes were observed for TiO2 single crystal electrodes used for photo-electrolysis of water, and they were compared with a variety of titanium, titanium oxide and titanium hydride standard materials.
TL;DR: Resistance of particulate tissue to microbial decomposition was strongly influenced by the composition of the plant species, with high-nitrogen, low-fiber plants decomposing most rapidly and floating-leaved plants contained the least amount of structural tissue and decayed most rapidly.
TL;DR: Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange procedures for measuring community metabolism (two open stream methods and three chamber methods) were compared and indicated that autotrophic or heterotrophic processes could dominate the system.
Abstract: Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange procedures for measuring community metabolism (two open stream methods and three chamber methods) were compared on the same reach of a third-order stream Open stream methods were complicated by high diffusion rates and yielded net community primary productivity estimates lower than those obtained with chamber methods Chamber methods yielded variable productivity and respiration data However, when normalized for chlorophyll a, productivity estimates from the chamber methods were within an expected range for the system Balances of photosynthesis and respiration from the chamber methods were similar between methods and indicated that autotrophic or heterotrophic processes could dominate the system Considerations in applying the various procedures are discussed
TL;DR: Several enzymes have been found to reversibly partition between kinetically distinct soluble and membrane-bound forms, with the distribution between these forms influenced by specific metabolites, usually substrates, products, or allosteric effectors of the enzyme.
TL;DR: Experiments designed for measuring dietary effects on concentration of milk protein are needed to assess the influence of dietary energy, fiber, protein, and fat on the concentration of protein in milk.
TL;DR: The increased resistance of Zostera marina to decomposition in comparison with several freshwater species cannot be explained by initial contents of nitrogen or fiber components, as was found for the latter plants.
TL;DR: Sixteen hours of light daily increased weight gains and milk yield in Holstein cattle in comparison with cattle exposed to natural-length photoperiods of 9 to 12 hours, causing dramatic increases in food supplies from animals.
Abstract: Sixteen hours of light daily (114 to 207 lux) increased weight gains and milk yield 10 to 15% in Holstein cattle in comparison with cattle exposed to natural-length photoperiods (39 to 93 lux) of 9 to 12 hours. The weight gain was accomplished without increased consumption of feed. Manipulation of supplemental light may thus cause dramatic increases in food supplies from animals.
TL;DR: The mechanisms of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase‐catalyzed and ADP‐Fe2+ catalyzed lipid peroxidation parallel that of xanthine oxidase in that initiation occurs through a superoxide dismutase‐sensitive reaction and that singlet oxygen is present during propagation of lipidperoxidation.
Abstract: — An investigation into the mechanism of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by xanthine oxidase showed a dependence upon superoxide, singlet oxygen and adenosine 5'-diphosphate chelated iron (ADP-Fe3+). In the absence of ADP-Fe3+ or in the presence of superoxide dismutase there is complete inhibition of enzymatic peroxidation. Initiation of peroxidation likely occurs through an ADP-perferryl ion complex formed by ADP-Fe3+ and superoxide. Use of the singlet oxygen trapping agent 2,5-diphenylfuran showed that singlet oxygen does not participate in the initiation of peroxidation but rather in the propagation of peroxidation. The mechanisms of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-catalyzed and ADP-Fe2+ catalyzed lipid peroxidation parallel that of xanthine oxidase in that initiation occurs through a superoxide dismutase-sensitive reaction and that singlet oxygen is present during propagation of lipid peroxidation.
TL;DR: It is argued that the man-machine interface in mediated human communication is better dealt with when a comprehensive theoretical approach is used, than when separate communication devices are tested as they appear in the market, such as video-teleconferencing.
Abstract: This paper proposes a theoretical approach to mediated communication in organizations. It is argued that the man-machine interface in mediated human communication is better dealt with when a comprehensive theoretical approach is used, than when separate communication devices are tested as they appear in the market, such as video-teleconferencing. Propinquity is considered to be the system's trait which is essential for the continuation of the human communication system in organizations. In a structural-functional analysis, six propositions, 15 derived corollaries, and two-limits propositions are presented. The variables included in the propositions are: (a) perceived propinquity; (b) perceived bandwidth; (c) perceived complexity of the information; (d) perceived degree of mutual directionality of the channel; (e) communication skills; (f) perceived communication rules; (g) perceived number of choices among channels; (h) perceived conflict; and (i) perceived turbulence in the environment. Evidence from pas...
TL;DR: In this article, a sufficient condition for the product of two Toeplitz operators to be a compact perturbation of one of them is found, which is shown to be necessary under additional hypotheses.
Abstract: A sufficient condition is found for the product of two Toeplitz operators to be a compact perturbation of a Toeplitz operator The condition, which comprehends all previously known sufficient conditions, is shown to be necessary under additional hypotheses The question whether the condition is necessary in general is left open
TL;DR: The authors synthesized research from several related areas to produce a model of resistance to persuasion based upon variables not considered by earlier congruity and inoculation models and found that negative criticism of speaker characteristics reduces threat to present attitudes and reduces motivation to counterargue to protect privately held beliefs.
Abstract: This investigation synthesized research from several related areas to produce a model of resistance to persuasion based upon variables not considered by earlier congruity and inoculation models. Support was found for the prediction that the kind of critical response set induced and the target of the criticism are mediators of resistance to persuasion. The more critical acts are focused on arguments presented in a persuasive message, the more likely that the critical act will not be distracting and therefore promote counterarguing which will lead people to be resistant to subsequent persuasive messages arguing on the same side of given attitudinal issue. When criticism is less central to message variables and focuses on speaker and/or delivery characteristics, distraction occurs which decreases the probability of counterarguing and induces people to be vulnerable to forthcoming persuasive messages. This is especially true when negative criticism of speaker characteristics reduces threat to present attitudes and reduces motivation to counterargue to protect privately held beliefs. A completely counterbalanced design employing several manipulation checks was created to rule out competing explanations for differential resistance to persuasion.
TL;DR: The decomposition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from freshwater vascular macrophytes was investigated over a 180-day period under controlled conditions of temperature and oxygen (10 and 25°C; anaerobic and aerobic).
TL;DR: In this article, the structural determinants of coups d'etat for the new states of black Africa in the years from 1960 through 1975 have been investigated, and it was shown that both social mobilization and the presence of a dominant ethnic group are destabilizing (these effects are additive).
Abstract: This paper specifies and estimates a model of the structural determinants of coups d'etat for the new states of black Africa in the years from 1960 through 1975. Results indicate that (1) both social mobilization and the presence of a dominant ethnic group are destabilizing (these effects are additive); (2) multipartyism is destabilizing while electoral turnout in the last election before independence is stabilizing; (3) multipartyism is particularly destabilizing where a dominant ethnic group exists; (4) the presence of such a group reduces (but does not eliminate) the stabilizing effect of turnout; and (5) multipartyism has no pronounced effect on elite instability where turnout is high. Taken together, these patterns account for over four-fifths of the variance in coups d'etat in black Africa in the period.
TL;DR: Adult responses to infant physical appearance appear to be regulated by two mechanisms: an initial positive response to "babyishness", reflected by increased facial zygomaticus muscle activity, and an individual cognitive preference response to 'cuteness', reflected by differential looking times.