Michigan State University

About: Michigan State University is a education organization based out in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 60109 authors who have published 137074 publications receiving 5633022 citations. The organization is also known as: MSU & Michigan State.

Biometric identification

Abstract: W A LT ER S IP SE R For this reason, more and more organizations are looking to automated identity authentication systems to improve customer satisfaction and operating efficiency as well as to save critical resources (see Figure 1). Furthermore, as people become more connected electronically, the ability to achieve a highly accurate automatic personal identification system is substantially more critical [5]. Personal identification is the process of associating a particular individual with an identity. Identification can be in the form of verification (also known as authentication), which entails authenticating a claimed identity (“Am I who I claim I am?”), or recognition (also known as identification), which entails determining the identity of a given person from a database of persons known to the system (“Who am I?”). Knowledge-based and token-based automatic personal identification approaches have been the two traditional techniques widely used [8]. Token-based approaches use something you have to make a personal identification, such as a passport, driver’s license, ID card, credit card, or keys. Knowledge-based approaches use something you know to make a personal identification, such as a password or a personal identification number (PIN). Since these traditional approaches are not based on any inherent attributes of an individual to make a personal identification, they suffer from the

Genetic imprinting suggested by maternal heterodisomy in non-deletion Prader-Willi syndrome

Abstract: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common form of dysmorphic genetic obesity associated with mental retardation. About 60% of cases have a cytological deletion of chromosome 15q11q13 (refs 2, 3). These deletions occur de novo exclusively on the paternal chromosome. By contrast, Angelman syndrome (AS) is a very different clinical disorder and is also associated with deletions of region 15q11q13 (refs 6-8), indistinguishable from those in PWS except that they occur de novo on the maternal chromosome. The parental origin of the affected chromosomes 15 in these disorders could, therefore, be a contributory factor in determining their clinical phenotypes. We have now used cloned DNA markers specific for the 15q11q13 subregion to determine the parental origin of chromosome 15 in PWS individuals not having cytogenetic deletions; these individuals account for almost all of the remaining 40% of PWS cases. Probands in two families displayed maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 15q11q13. This is the first demonstration that maternal heterodisomy--the presence of two different chromosome 15s derived from the mother--can be associated with a human genetic disease. The absence of a paternal contribution of genes in region 15q11q13, as found in PWS deletion cases, rather than a mutation in a specific gene(s) in this region may result in expression of the clinical phenotype. Thus, we conclude that a gene or genes in region 15q11q13 must be inherited from each parent for normal human development.