Michigan State University

About: Michigan State University is a education organization based out in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 60109 authors who have published 137074 publications receiving 5633022 citations. The organization is also known as: MSU & Michigan State.

Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching, 3rd ed.

Abstract: Introduction to the Fourth Edition, Richard L. Allington Introduction to the Third Edition, Michael Pressley 1. Skills Emphasis, Meaning Emphasis, and Balanced Reading Instruction: A Short History 2. Skilled Reading 3. Children Who Experience Problems in Learning to Read 4. Before Reading Words Begins 5. Learning to Recognize Words 6. Fluency 7. Vocabulary 8. Expert Literacy Teaching in the Primary Grades, with Ruth Wharton-McDonald 9. The Need for Increased Comprehension Instruction 10. Motivation and Literacy 11. Concluding Reflections Appendix: Landmarks in Development of Literacy Competence (or, What Happens When) Author Index Subject Index

Soils : genesis and geomorphology

Abstract: Part I. The Building Blocks of Soils: 1. Introduction 2. Basic concepts: soil morphology 3. Basic concepts: soil horizonation... the alphabet of soils 4. Basic concepts: soil mineralogy 5. Basic concepts: soil chemistry 6. Basic concepts: soil physics 7. Basic concepts: soil organisms 8. Soil classification and mapping 9. Weathering Part II. Soil Genesis: From Parent Material to Soil: 10. Soil parent materials 11. Pedoturbation 12. Models and concepts of soil formation 13. Soil genesis and profile differentiation Part III. Soil Geomorphology: 14. Soil geomorphology and hydrology 15. Soil development and surface exposure dating 16. Soils, paleosols, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction 17. Conclusions.

Big bang nucleosynthesis: Present status

Abstract: How do we understand the production of the lightest nuclides from H to Li during the first seconds of cosmic time? This article reviews recent developments based on new precision cosmic microwave background measurements from the Planck satellite and observational abundance data. Utilizing updated input on nuclear reactions and the neutron lifetime as well as limits on the baryon density of the Universe obtained from Planck data leads to a number of neutrino flavors.

Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for the North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2): 1. Intercomparison and application of model products

Abstract: [1] Results are presented from the second phase of the multiinstitution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) research partnership. In NLDAS, the Noah, Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic land surface models (LSMs) are executed over the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) in realtime and retrospective modes. These runs support the drought analysis, monitoring and forecasting activities of the National Integrated Drought Information System, as well as efforts to monitor large-scale floods. NLDAS-2 builds upon the framework of the first phase of NLDAS (NLDAS-1) by increasing the accuracy and consistency of the surface forcing data, upgrading the land surface model code and parameters, and extending the study from a 3-year (1997–1999) to a 30-year (1979–2008) time window. As the first of two parts, this paper details the configuration of NLDAS-2, describes the upgrades to the forcing, parameters, and code of the four LSMs, and explores overall model-to-model comparisons of land surface water and energy flux and state variables over the CONUS. Focusing on model output rather than on observations, this study seeks to highlight the similarities and differences between models, and to assess changes in output from that seen in NLDAS-1. The second part of the two-part article focuses on the validation of model-simulated streamflow and evaporation against observations. The results depict a higher level of agreement among the four models over much of the CONUS than was found in the first phase of NLDAS. This is due, in part, to recent improvements in the parameters, code, and forcing of the NLDAS-2 LSMs that were initiated following NLDAS-1. However, large inter-model differences still exist in the northeast, Lake Superior, and western mountainous regions of the CONUS, which are associated with cold season processes. In addition, variations in the representation of sub-surface hydrology in the four LSMs lead to large differences in modeled evaporation and subsurface runoff. These issues are important targets for future research by the land surface modeling community. Finally, improvement from NLDAS-1 to NLDAS-2 is summarized by comparing the streamflow measured from U.S. Geological Survey stream gauges with that simulated by four NLDAS models over 961 small basins.

Teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning: A constructivist perspective.

Abstract: Teachers are viewed as important agents of change in the reform effort currently under way in education and thus are expected to play a key role in changing schools and classrooms. Paradoxically, however, teachers are also viewed as major obstacles to change because of their adherence to outmoded forms of instruction that emphasize factual and procedural knowledge at the expense of deeper levels of understanding. New constructivist approaches to teaching and learning, which many reformers advocate, are inconsistent with much of what teachers believe--a problem that may be overcome if teachers are willing to rethink their views on a number of issues. This article seeks to advance this cause by identifying important aspects of current thinking that may get in the way of teachers adopting a constructivist approach to teaching and learning.