scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Michigan State University

EducationEast Lansing, Michigan, United States
About: Michigan State University is a education organization based out in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 60109 authors who have published 137074 publications receiving 5633022 citations. The organization is also known as: MSU & Michigan State.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An idealized material built up from freely overlapping objects randomly placed in a matrix is considered, and the geometrical percolation threshold of suspensions and composites containing complex-shaped constituents is numerically computed.
Abstract: A recurrent problem in materials science is the prediction of the percolation threshold of suspensions and composites containing complex-shaped constituents. We consider an idealized material built up from freely overlapping objects randomly placed in a matrix, and numerically compute the geometrical percolation threshold ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$ where the objects first form a continuous phase. Ellipsoids of revolution, ranging from the extreme oblate limit of platelike particles to the extreme prolate limit of needlelike particles, are used to study the influence of object shape on the value of ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$. The reciprocal threshold 1/${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$ (${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$ equals the critical volume fraction occupied by the overlapping ellipsoids) is found to scale linearly with the ratio of the larger ellipsoid dimension to the smaller dimension in both the needle and plate limits. Ratios of the estimates of ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$ are taken with other important functionals of object shape (surface area, mean radius of curvature, radius of gyration, electrostatic capacity, excluded volume, and intrinsic conductivity) in an attempt to obtain a universal description of ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$. Unfortunately, none of the possibilities considered proves to be invariant over the entire shape range, so that ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$ appears to be a rather unique functional of object shape. It is conjectured, based on the numerical evidence, that 1/${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is minimal for a sphere of all objects having a finite volume.

736 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a stress-based framework of survivors' responses to downsizing is developed, where trust and justice influence primary appraisal and facilitate more constructive responses, while empowerment and work redesign influence secondary appraisal, and enhance survivors' assessments of their capacity to cope with the threat.
Abstract: In this article we develop a stress-based framework of survivors' responses to downsizing. First, we synthesize prior research findings into a typology of survivor responses delineated by two underlying dimensions: constructive/destructive and active/passive. Drawing on Lazarus's theory of stress, we then posit that how survivors appraise the downsizing will shape their responses to it. We argue that trust and justice influence primary appraisal and facilitate more constructive responses because they reduce the extent to which organizational downsizing is evaluated as a threat. Likewise, we argue that empowerment and work redesign influence secondary appraisal and facilitate more active responses because they enhance survivors' assessments of their capacity to cope with the threat. Finally, we discuss contributions of the framework and implications for research and practice.

732 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of deficient self-regulation on media behavior in a sample of 465 college students and found that media consumers monitor, judge, and adjust their own behavior, processes that may be found in all media consumers.
Abstract: Recent reports of problematic forms of Internet usage bring new currency to the problem of "media addictions" that have long been the subject of both popular and scholarly writings. The research in this article reconsidered such behavior as deficient self-regulation within the framework of A. Bandura's (1991) theory of self-regulation. In this framework, behavior patterns that have been called media addictions lie at one extreme of a continuum of unregulated media behavior that extends from normally impulsive media consumption patterns to extremely problematic behavior that might properly be termed pathological. These unregulated media behaviors are the product of deficient self-regulatory processes through which media consumers monitor, judge, and adjust their own behavior, processes that may be found in all media consumers. The impact of deficient self-regulation on media behavior was examined in a sample of 465 college students. A measure of deficient self-regulation drawn from the diagnostic criteria ...

732 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reanalyze a recent review of research on relationships between participation and performance or satisfaction; next they compare the results of this reanalysis with the findings of 10 other reviews.
Abstract: In this article I reanalyze a recent review of research on relationships between participation and performance or satisfaction; next I compare the results of this reanalysis with the findings of 10 other reviews. Despite ostensible differences among the initial findings of the 11 reviews, further analysis indicates that they all support the same conclusion: Research suggests that participation can have statistically significant effects on performance and satisfaction, but the average size of these effects is small enough to raise concerns about practical significance.

732 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple model of cell-wall digestion and passage in which ruminal fill is a function of rates of digestion and Passage, as well as the indigestible fraction of thecell-wall indicates that cell- wall concentration and rate of passage are the most critical parameters determining ruminalFill.
Abstract: Even under the intensive concentrate feeding systems of ruminant animal production in the United States, forages continue to represent the single most important feed resource. Cell-wall concentration and digestibility limit the intake potential and energy availability of forage crops in beef and dairy production. Identification of cell-wall characteristics that should be targets of genetic modification is required if plant breeders and molecular biologists are to successfully improve forages for livestock feeding. As the forage plant cell develops, phenolic acids and lignin are deposited in the maturing cell wall in specific structural conformations, and in a strict developmental sequence. Lignin is the key element that limits cell-wall digestibility, but cross-linkage of lignin and wall polysaccharides by ferulic acid bridges may be a prerequisite for lignin to exert its affect. Lignin composition and p-coumaric acid in the wall are less likely to affect digestibility. Voluntary intake of forages is a critical determinant of animal performance and cell-wall concentration is negatively related to intake of ruminants consuming high-forage diets. Cell walls affect intake by contributing to ruminal fill. A simple model of cell-wall digestion and passage in which ruminal fill is a function of rates of digestion and passage, as well as the indigestible fraction of the cell-wall indicates that cell-wall concentration and rate of passage are the most critical parameters determining ruminal fill. Plant factors that affect rate of passage include those that affect particle size reduction by chewing and those that affect particle buoyancy in the rumen. The latter is primarily affected by 1) the ability of the particulate matter to retain gases, which is probably related to plant anatomy and rate of digestion of the plant tissue, and 2) the rate at which the gas is produced, which is affected by the potentially digestible fraction of the particulate matter and the rate of digestion of this fraction. Increasing rate of digestion should increase rate of passage by diminishing the gas produced and increasing density over time. A reduction in the indigestible cell-wall fraction is beneficial because this will decrease fill and increase digestibility. Animal production and economic benefits from reduced cell-wall concentration and increased digestibility are significant. Because of the high cell-wall concentration and large digestible cell-wall fraction of grasses, reduction in cell-wall concentration would probably be of greater value than improving digestibility in these species. Legumes represent the opposite situation and may benefit more from improvements in the digestibility of their cell walls.

731 citations


Authors

Showing all 60636 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
David Miller2032573204840
Anil K. Jain1831016192151
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Derek R. Lovley16858295315
Donald G. Truhlar1651518157965
Donald E. Ingber164610100682
J. E. Brau1621949157675
Murray F. Brennan16192597087
Peter B. Reich159790110377
Wei Li1581855124748
Timothy C. Beers156934102581
Claude Bouchard1531076115307
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis1521854113022
James J. Collins15166989476
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of California, Davis
180K papers, 8M citations

97% related

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
225.1K papers, 10.1M citations

97% related

University of Minnesota
257.9K papers, 11.9M citations

97% related

University of Wisconsin-Madison
237.5K papers, 11.8M citations

97% related

Cornell University
235.5K papers, 12.2M citations

97% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023250
2022752
20217,041
20206,870
20196,548
20185,779